Basic Construction Research Articles

Teaching construction sciences with the integration of BIM to undergraduate architecture students

This study aims to test two hypotheses: teaching building information modeling (BIM) in relation to construction science provides students with a remarkable understanding of the nature of construction science (Hypothesis 1), and if the student has positive attitude toward the use of the BIM program, then efficiency by which construction science is taught by its means is improved (Hypothesis 2). Results and process of a case study with a novel teaching methodology were discussed in terms of the benefits of the students. A questionnaire study was conducted on the student group with which the case study was performed to test each student's attitude. Results were evaluated statistically. When BIM is integrated with the teaching of basic construction courses within architecture degree programs, the students understood the building system principles simply and effectively. As a result of the statistical analysis, the students find the applied method effective. Moreover, their attitude toward BIM affects the process.

USE OF GAS TURBINES FOR COMBINED ENERGY PRODUCTION

Abstract. Aim. Despite the obvious expediency of their widespread implementation, gas turbine (GT) and combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) plants were only used in limited quantities in the former USSR and CIS countries. Due to the exhaustion of possibilities to increase the fuel use efficiency and return on investment (ROI) in steam-turbine combined heat and power (CHP) plants, the development of GT and CCGT plants becomes an urgent problem. In current global practice, the primary fuel for gas turbines and combined cycle gas turbines is natural gas. However, until recently, there has been a lack of experience in the design, construction and operation of GT and CCGT plants in the CIS countries. Method. Due to the ad hoc nature of research in this area, it was necessary to systematise the results of existing studies and assess the state of research at the world level taking regional characteristics into account. Results. The article presents the main considerations and potential effectiveness of the use of gas turbines. Basic gas turbine construction schemes are investigated along with their techno-economic characteristics and an assessment of their comparative utility. Conclusion. Considering the widespread availability of natural gas, it is recommended that gas turbine and combined-cycle plants be installed as part of the process of technical re-equipment in the fuel and energy complex, industry, agriculture and municipal energy sectors as part of the design and construction of new energy sources in the light of positive world experience and the current level of development of gas turbine technologies. Ubiquitous implementation of gas turbine units in the centres supplying heat and electric loads will reduce the regional economy’s need for energy fuel and ensure an increase in energy capacity without the need to construct new complex and uneconomic steam turbine power plants.

The Pico OWC wave power plant: Its lifetime from conception to closure 1986–2018

The paper describes the basic studies, design, construction and operation of a shoreline OWC wave power pilot plant on the island of Pico, Azores, Portugal. Construction began in 1996. The concrete structure of the chamber (square planform with inside dimensions of 12m×12m at mean water level) was built in-situ on rocky bottom (about 8 m water depth), spanning a small natural harbour (gully). The plant was equipped with a horizontal-axis Wells turbine-generator set rated 400 kW. The plant was fully automated in order to supply electrical energy to the island grid on a permanent basis. It became operational in 1999. The paper describes the life of the plant during the following almost twenty years, including frequent repairs, modifications and the use of the plant as supplier of energy to the island grid, and as an infrastructure for research and training.

A Comparative Study of Concrete Hollow Blocks with and Without Rice Husk Powder as Partial Replacement to Cement

Rapid development leads to a high demand and increased price for the basic construction materials like cement. This led the researchers to look for possible partial cement replacement by investigating the potential use of rice husk in making concrete hollow blocks. The researchers created concrete hollow blocks (CHB) at three different percentage of rice husk (RH) powder addition from 0%, 5%, and 10%. This study was intended to evaluate which works best in terms of compressive strength and density. The researchers created a total of 36 samples but only 12 were tested at ASTEC Materials Testing Corporation. Cost analysis, compression testing, and measuring of dimensions are the methods used to gather data. Results from the testing show that the mean compressive strength of the normal CHB (0%) is 76 psi compared to only 53 psi and 39 psi for CHB with 5% and 10% RH, respectively. The density of the normal CHB is 1.4319 g/cm3 while 1.2497 g/cm3 and 1.2822g/cm3 for CHB with 5% and 10% RH, respectively. In the cost analysis, the normal CHB costs ₱11.58 per piece, for CHB with 5% RH is ₱11.48, and for CHB with 10% RH is ₱11.37. Since the compressive strength of the normal CHB is greater than that of the CHB with pulverized rice husk, the researchers have concluded that a CHB unit is stronger and more resilient than a CHB with pulverized rice husk. Likewise, the mean density of the normal CHB is also greater than that of CHB with rice husk powder, it can be established that a CHB unit is more compact and rigid than the alternative. However, the addition of rice husk powder decreases the cost of CHB, therefore, CHB with RH is a more economical building material.

Non-canonical inverse in Circassian languages

AbstractThis paper discusses a typologically peculiar inverse-like construction found in the polysynthetic ergative Circassian languages of the Northwest-Caucasian family. These languages possess a cislocative verbal prefix, which, in addition to marking the spatial meaning of speaker-orientation, systematically occurs in polyvalent verbs when the object outranks the subject on the person hierarchy. The inverse-like use of the cislocative in Circassian differs from the “canonical” direct-inverse system in that, first, it is fully redundant since the person-role linking is achieved by means of the person markers themselves and, second, it does not occur in the basic transitive construction, featuring instead in configurations involving an indirect object both in ditransitive and bivalent intransitive verbs. It is argued that the typologically outstanding properties of the Circassian inverse-like marking can be naturally explained by its diachronic origin.

Basic Construction Factors of Participatory Asset Community Development Health In Action (Yudhia) Model to Prevent Complication of Pregnancy and Child-Birth

High Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is mostly caused by a lack of information and a bad habit of pregnant women in high-risk pregnancy treatment. This condition causes an impact to high maternal mortality during childbirth. This study has aims to identify factors as the main construction of the Participatory Asset Community Development Research Action Model (YUDHIA). This study used a qualitative approach. The location of the study is at Cimanuk, Pandeglang, Banten. Informants were chosen based on purposive sampling and snowball techniques. Key informants were four pregnant women that had complication risk. Supporting informants were eight-person. Data collecting used in-depth interviews and recorded by a tape recorder. Analysis data used RAP techniques and released 12 themes that described the main factors in the construction of the YUDHIA model. The description was (1) development of community assets, such as physical, economic, environmental, human, and social assets. (2) Community participation, such as the dimension of community contribution, community development, and organization. This study is community participation has been already existed by forming desa siaga (standby village). The most crucial asset in the community is human assets, midwifery, and dukun (traditional birth attendant), therefore create a strong commitment to giving priority to the needs and lives of pregnant women.

Penerapan Model Discovery Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa di Sekolah Menengah Atas

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Discovery Learning model in improving student achievement.This research method uses classroom action research methods, then this research was conducted in 2 cycles, where the first cycle uses discovery learning method that is equipped with structured work drawings on the topic of wall construction material and basic ship construction and in the second cycle uses discovery learning method which is equipped with a simulator model on the topic of basic shipbuilding construction with ship wall construction. The results showed the number of students who reached the Minimum Mastery Criteria increased from the first cycle to the second cycle, from 15 students (46.87%) to 27 students (84.37%). This increase also occurred in the increase in student activity, where julmah students were active in the first cycle 37.50% of students to 90.62% of students. So that these results indicate an indication of increased student understanding of ship interior work material.

The structure theory of nilspaces I

This paper forms the first part of a series by the authors [GMV16a, GMV16b] concerning the structure theory of nilspaces of Antolín Camarena and Szegedy. A nilspace is a compact space X together with closed collections of cubes Cn(X) ⊑ X2n, n = 1, 2,... satisfying some natural axioms. Antolín Camarena and Szegedy proved that from these axioms it follows that (certain) nilspaces are isomorphic (in a strong sense) to an inverse limit of nilmanifolds. The aim of our project is to provide a new self-contained treatment of this theory and give new applications to topological dynamics.This paper provides an introduction to the project from the point of view of applications to higher order Fourier analysis. We define and explain the basic definitions and constructions related to cubespaces and nilspaces and develop the weak structure theory, which is the first stage of the proof of the main structure theorem for nilspaces. Vaguely speaking, this asserts that a nilspace can be built as a finite tower of extensions where each of the successive fibers is a compact abelian group.We also make some modest innovations and extensions to this theory. In particular, we consider a class ofmaps thatwe term fibrations, which are essentially equivalent to what are termed fiber-surjective morphisms by Anatolín Camarena and Szegedy; andwe formulate and prove a relative analogue of the weak structure theory alluded to above for these maps. These results find applications elsewhere in the project.

The improving of the methodology of resource scheduling – as a way to efficiency increase of the company in transport construction

In the last decade, there has been a tendency of profitability reduction of the companies implementing transport construction projects in the Russian Federation. One of the main factors affecting negatively on the market of transport construction, is the imperfection of the current system of pricing in construction oriented to minimize expenditures of the state customer and doesn't cover the estimated contractor cost risks: rising prices for basic construction materials, machines and equipment, increasing in overhead for contract administration, increasing of the credit load and the cost of bank support and project insurance. In this regard, the search for an effective method of project management in the transport construction, using modern technologies of resource scheduling and control of construction projects implementation, is particularly relevant. At the same time, an important task is to select a project management methodology that is optimal for the labor costs of the company's engineering and technical employees. In the article the authors propose the detailed algorithm for developing and maintaining resource construction schedules in the domestic Spider Project program. Features of preliminary study of project documentation, a transfer of corporate reference books to the schedule, a formation of a Work Breakdown Structure, a planning of the labor resources, construction machines and equipment, materials, and cost components are given. A calculating method for the complexity of construction works based on the formation of technological cards is proposed. The possibilities of the Spider Project program in terms of monitoring of the construction schedule execution in the form of accounting for actual work performed, comparing schedule versions and generating plan-fact reports for analyzing the construction progress and making management decisions, are considered.

Nanomaterials/microorganism-integrated microbiotic nanomedicine

Abstract Based on the great advances of the nanomaterials and nanotechnology in the last decade, nanomedicine combining the nanomaterials and nanobiotechnology has been attracting intensive attentions worldwide owing to its bright prospects in generating numerous theranostic modalities against various pathological lesions. Nevertheless, synthetic nanomaterials-based nanomedicine is now facing critical challenges of less effective targeting and insufficient accumulations at pathological sites, raising the critical issues of exaggerated therapeutic dosages and the consequent risks of biosafety. Alternatively, natural microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses have evolved to be capable of targeting certain types of cells effectively by specific mechanisms such as tropism, which enable them to serve as natural vesicles for targeted cargo delivery. By the hybridization of the nanomaterials and microorganisms, researchers nowadays can build versatile microbial nanohybrids for novel and promising nanomedical therapeutics. In this review, we will start from the fundamentals of the physiochemical properties of the microorganisms, and summarize the most recent progress in the basic construction methodologies of microbial nanohybrids and their distinct therapeutic performances for various diseases. The perspectives, promising research frontiers and remaining challenges in this interdisciplinary area will be comprehensively outlooked to provide insights towards the “swallowing the surgeon” envisions.

A review on recent advances in sandwich structures based on polyurethane foam cores

AbstractSandwich composites with a polyurethane foam (PUF) core have become a versatile set of materials with applications ranging from basic construction elements to advanced engineering materials. This diverse range of applications has provided these sandwich materials with a distinctive position in today's engineering world. This review focuses on the broad research that has been carried out on PUF core‐based sandwich composites over the years—especially in the last decade. Thorough details have been presented focusing on basic PUF core sandwich structures, advanced PUF core sandwich composites with different kinds of reinforcements and complex structures such as hybrid sandwich panels. All the research presented here has been categorized carefully, such as the types of materials used in various studies, the types of reinforcements and testing techniques used, including mechanical, electrical, dynamic, thermal and acoustic methods etc. Comparisons have also been made based on similar materials, similar testing procedures and similar application areas. Research areas have been highlighted by giving a deep insight into the most promising research, manufacturing techniques and improvement procedures. Major consumption areas and application sectors for PUF core sandwich composites have also been discussed in this review. Finally, conclusions have been made based on the results found from a literature investigation.

An Investigational Study to Establish the Basic Construction of Precision Medicine from a Pharmaceutical Perspective

An Investigational Study to Establish the Basic Construction of Precision Medicine from a Pharmaceutical Perspective

Ergativity Case-Marking in Batak Toba Language

Batak Toba Language (BTL) is an accusative, ergative and split-S language. It is called accusative because BTL has an active diathesis basic construction. In the BTL, the active diathesis clause is morphologically marked on the verb (head marking) by adding the prefix /ma-/, /maN-/ or zero prefix (occurred in some verbs that can stand without affixes). BTL is categorized ergative, firstly, because in the basic S argument from the intransitive verbs in BTL can be semantically gets the most influence from the verb, and it is also applied as O of intransitive verbs. Secondly, By using treatment parameters S equal to O and different from A in nominal construction. BTL is also categorized as split-S language because the behavior is that the agent-like argument of intransitive verb (Sa) in transitive verbs can be nominalized with /par-/ affixes, while the patient-like arguments of other intransitive patients cannot be nominalized with /par-/ affixes

Development strategy for steady-state fusion volumetric neutron source based on the gas-dynamic trap

The paper presents the project and the development strategy of a continuously operating high-flux (>) fusion volumetric neutron source. The proposed facility is based on the gas-dynamic magnetic plasma confinement device with high-power () neutral beam injection. Project roadmap includes construction of several prototype installations addressing a specific set of physics and engineering problems, starting from the continuous operation of critical subsystems and ending with advanced plasma physics problems specific to axisymmetric mirror-based plasma confinement machines. The project aims to build the widest possible international collaboration to create a multi-purpose experimental facility, which could solve a set of problems most critical to deployment of economical fusion power worldwide. The paper details on the core principles of operation of a gas-dynamic neutron source, presents the parameters, expected performance and basic construction principles of intermediate and final devices, and outlines the ways to resolve the scientific and engineering challenges that constitute the project.

Research on Basic Public Cultural Services in Jiangxi Province of China: Current Situation, Problems and Countermeasures

Basic public cultural services are based on the consensus of contemporary Chinese social development, and are provided by the government according to the current economic and social development stage and overall level, and are designed to protect citizens’ basic cultural rights and interests. Basic public cultural services meet the basic cultural needs of the public and are therefore closely related to citizens’ rights in cultural life. Especially under the goal of building a service-oriented government, in recent years China has continuously deepened its emphasis on the equalization of basic public cultural services provided by the government. Jiangxi Province, as an underdeveloped region in China, has obvious differences in basic public cultural services in different cities. The article combines the relevant statistical data of basic public cultural services in various cities in Jiangxi Province from 2016 to 2018 to calculate the equalization coefficient and coefficient of variation of basic public cultural services in Jiangxi Province, and measures the basic situation of 11 cities and measures between different cities The relative gap in the equalization of basic public cultural services. The research shows that the unequal characteristics of basic public cultural services among cities in Jiangxi Province are very obvious. In order to promote the rational allocation of resources in various cities in Jiangxi Province, narrow the gap between cities and cities, and achieve the equalization of high-quality and sustainable basic public cultural services, it is necessary to promote coordinated development between regions, establish a multi-input mechanism, and strengthen the construction of talents for basic public cultural services, improve the basic public cultural service infrastructure construction.

Satellite-Ground Two-Way Measuring Method and Performance Evaluation of BDS-3 Inter-Satellite Link System

From November 2017 to December 2018, Beidou navigation satellite system (BDS) completed the basic system construction of Beidou-3 system (BDS-3) and opened the initial service, BDS-3 satellites are equipped with Ka-band inter-satellite link (ISL) payloads, satellite autonomous orbit determination (OD) and time synchronization (TS) can be realized through ISL technology. At present, 18 BDS-3 medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites have been formally networked, and a series of ground-satellite link (GSL) test and connection test of Ka-band ISL signals are carried out, through the test, the working state and functional performance of the ISL payloads can be evaluated. This article focuses on the GSL measurements and performance evaluation of the ISL signals of BDS-3, the basic architecture of the GSL test platform is given, the principle of Ka-band GSL measurement and basic data processing methods and performance evaluation methods are introduced. Obtained the GSL observation data of 18 BDS-3 MEO satellites using the Ka-band ground station of the National Time Service Center (NTSC), and evaluate the performance of the GSL ranging and time synchronization. The result shows that GSL ranging accuracy of 18 MEO satellites is better than 0.02m and GSL time synchronization accuracy is better than 0.2ns. Thus, this meets the requirements of ISL system. The assessment methods and analysis results presented in this article can provide the reference of the function and performance verification for inter-satellite link system, and provide technical and data accumulation for the time synchronization extension application based on ISL signals.

ОБ’ЄКТИВНА НЕОБХІДНІСТЬ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ВІДРОДЖЕННЯ СЕЛА

Introduction. The problem of rural social regeneration has grown into a national task in view of the constant reduction of the resource potential of the agricultural sector of the economy and the threat to the country's food security.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to research the current state of socio-economic development of rural territories in order to find directions for solving the problems of village revival as a guarantor of the country’s food security.Research methodology. In the basic theoretical and methodological construction of the research is the general scientific methods of scientific knowledge, as well as the interdisciplinary scientific research’s basis, institutional methodologies. The methodological basis of the developed problem composes the scientific experience of foreign and domestic scientists.Applied aspects of the problematic discussion are based on the knowledge systematization on determining the institutional priorities for the revival of the Ukrainian village and the socio-economic effects of its development as a particular economic entity. The usage of the methodological apparatus of the institutional (institutional) theory made it possible to identify features and determine the organizational effectiveness of the “rules of the game” established by the state and the market, which ensured the approval of the existing typological complex of family farming in Ukraine as the basis for the revival of rural settlements. Economic calculations made it possible to methodically substantiate aspects of the current state affairs, to determine the potential dynamics and to characterize the prospect of the family farming development as a special model of rural management.Results. The institutional specifics of the Ukrainian village’s revival are theoretically and methodologically substantiated. Moreover, the government of Ukraine has the opportunity to mitigate the negative socio-economic phenomena that occur in rural areas. It is proved that the main reason for the villages’ extinction of is demographic.The world tendencies and the global tradition of presenting family business in rural areas with the comparison of the practice of the national economic complex, as well as the identification of specific institutional and legal support are considered.The modern conditions of development, the institutional support factors for the peasants’ employment in Ukraine, the basics of the formation of its organizational and economic model are analyzed.It has been established that, due to highly efficient machinery, land cultivation no longer requires millions of workers, and where necessary, hired labor of seasonal workers, often foreign ones, is used. Thus, the corresponding rural areas lose the economic basis of existence, and, refusing, adapt to changes, migrating to cities and outside Ukraine.Originality. It has been established that the problem of the revival of the Ukrainian countryside and rural territories is not a purely Ukrainian problem, but a European-wide trend. Caused by deep economic and technological factors, it cannot be stopped by any national government. That is why, the solution to the problem of revival involves bringing to this the forces and energies of all subjects of the country. There is a necessity to inform the society about the essence of the problem and the way to solve it, that is, to form the village revival’s ideology. We are talking about changes in the socio-economic structure, so this requires a large-scale outreach and advocacy.Conclusions. The results of the study can be used to develop legal norms of institutional incentives of solving the problem of the revival of the Ukrainian village through the development of family farming as the basis for the formation of a new country’s social structure. The usage of provisions of scientific discourse in research activities on the problems of socio-economic revival of the village is the priority.

Artificial intelligence speech recognition model for correcting spoken English teaching

Artificial intelligence speech recognition technology is an important direction in the field of human-computer interaction. The use of speech recognition technology to assist teachers in the correction of spoken English pronunciation in teaching has certain effects and can help students without being constrained by places, time and teachers. Based on artificial intelligence speech recognition technology, this paper improves and analyzes speech recognition algorithms, and uses effective algorithms as the system algorithms of artificial intelligence models. Meanwhile, based on phoneme-level speech error correction, after introducing the basic knowledge, construction and training of acoustic models, the basic process of speech cutting, including the front-end processing of speech and the extraction of feature parameters, is elaborated. In addition, this study designed a control experiment to verify and analyze the artificial intelligence speech recognition correction model. The research results show that the method proposed in this paper has a certain effect.

Impact assessment of climate change on the energy performance of the building stocks in four European cities

Many cities are striving to develop urban transformation strategies, in order to transit from traditional city to a sustainable city. Improving the energy efficiency of the existing buildings is the key to address climate change mitigation and adaptation. This paper considers different climate scenarios using different series of future climate in four different European cities, namely, Kiruna, Stockholm, Valencia and Madrid. The study adopts the TABULA database to get access to basic construction information. Energy simulation and data analysis using IDA ICE and MATLAB are performed. Based on climate change, an overall retrofitting plan was developed by combining energy-saving retrofit solutions. The results show that in Madrid and Valencia, future heating demand will decrease and cooling demand will increase. In Kiruna and Stockholm, with the increase of the insulation material, the heating demand of the house has decreased, but the cooling demand has shown a downward trend compared with the cases of Madrid and Valencia. The first reason is the introduction of hybrid cooling, and the second is that the average indoor temperature has been maintained at 21 degrees Celsius due to the low outdoor temperature in summer. The findings indicate that in Kiruna, Stockholm, and Madrid it is better to insulate façades to lower the heating demand in winter. In Valencia, it is possible to have relatively low heating and cooling demand without façades insulation as insulated façades require more cooling demand during summer.

Sn4+ and S2− co-doped N–TiO2−x nanoparticles for efficient and photocatalytic removal of contaminants

N–TiO2−x nanoparticles (NPs) were selected as a basic construction unit because there are many Ti3+ and O vacancies on its surface.