Basic Agent Research Articles

Laboratory Study on Optimization of Oil-Soluble Cement Material

A new cement slurry system with strong selective permeability to oil and water, namely oil-soluble cement system, was introduced. It is composed of three kinds of basic agents including pore-enhancing grains, pore-connecting agent and phase-permeability enhancing agent. The pore enhancing grains-ZKJ-1, which can broaden the pore significantly was obtained from many natural oil soluble organics. In order to further interconnect the cement stones’ pores and enhance the selective permeability to oil and water, the YRJ was selected as the connecting agent and phase-permeability enhancing agent. Combined with three other agents, the cement slurry has a good selective permeability to water and oil and high strength. Key words : Oil solubility; Cement additive; Effective permeability; Laboratory testing

Optical sensor for carbon dioxide gas determination, characterization and improvements

A study of different alternatives to improve the stability and lifetime of sensors for the determination of gaseous CO2 has been performed. It includes the characterization of different sensing membranes, a discussion of the results obtained and possibilities for the future. The solid sensor membrane for gaseous CO2 based on changes in the luminiscence of a luminophore immobilized on O2-insensitive film, concurrent with the displacement of a pH indicator, has some drawbacks, such as the loss of efficiency over time and the need to maintain the sensor in special atmospheric conditions. As a solution to these drawbacks, two alternatives were tested, the first alternative was replacing the newly proposed tetraoctyl ammonium hydroxide (TOAOH ) phase transfer agent with other basic agents that did not undergo a Hoffman degradation reaction, and the second alternative was the use of hydrophilic polymers that could retain water needed for CO2 sensing more efficiently. The different membranes tested indicated that the use of tetramethyl ammonium (TMAOH) instead of TOAOH as the phase transfer agent produced better results regarding stability and sensitivity. In addition, replacing the membrane polymer with hydrophilic polymers improved the sensing characteristics in terms of response time and stability over hydrophobic polymers. With a detection limit of 0.006%, the response time is 19s and the recovery time is 100s. The lifetime of the sensing membranes, which do not need to be held in any special atmosphere other than darkness, is longer than at least 300 days for membranes with TMAOH in hydrophilic polymer and 515 days for membranes with TMAOH in ethyl cellulose.

Reactions of Nucleophilic Substitution in Bicyclic Nitroimidazodihydrooxazoles

This article describes numerous attempts of the SN reaction of chlorine atom in chloromethyl group with nucleophilic compounds, such as the following: phenols, thiophenols, and amino compounds. The influences of ratios of nitroimidazodihydrooxazoles, nucleophiles and basic agent, and the polarity of solvent on the kind of formed products were established. Also, the comparison of reactivity with nucleophiles of close structural isomers of nitroimidazodihydrooxazoles has been made. The way of formation ring opening reaction products has been proposed.

Various Three-Dimensional Structures Connected by Al–O/OH/Acetate–Al Bonds

In the present work, significantly various structures connected by Al-O/OH/acetate-Al bonds were synthesized in a versatile sol-gel route. The various bond systems result in several three-dimensional (e.g., fibrous, highly porous, and compact) macrostructures. The shared acetate and OH ions provide the fibrous character; the shared OH ions and oxygen-bridges between octahedral Al(III) ions assist in the formation of a porous network; and the oxygen-bridges between differently (octa-, tetra-, and pentahedrally) coordinated Al(III) ions characterize the compact structures. The newly developed synthesis route is a fast and low-energy consumption sol-gel technique. This method applies only two starting materials and does not adopt any basic agent or catalyst. The synthesis is fast because it does not require any time-consuming peptization; a 3-D network forms directly from the initial solution. The low energy consumption arises from the low temperature of reactions (80 °C) and heat treatment (400-600 °C).

CHOICE, PURCHASE AND CONSUMPTION OF DRUGS: SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH EXPERIENCE

The results of pharmaceutical market’s sociological research are representing in the paper. Determinate the basic agents influenced on pharmaceuticals choice and purchase such as a doctor, experience of individual, information from advertisement. Physician competency is of secondary importance to advertisement messages. Experience of individual prepotency of the pharmaceuticals choice raises a point of a level attention of pharmaceuticals consumer behavior. We can describe it in a low level both base on respondents self-conception and in accordance with data research of drug’s advertisement and patient package inserts «content-analysis». DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2218-7405-2013-6-53

Structure and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline SrFe12O19 thin films synthesized by the Pechini method

Strontium hexaferrite (SrFe12O19) thin films have been synthesized by the Pechini method. The precursor solutions were prepared with different basic agents such as ammonia, trimethylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine. Fourier transform infrared and thermal analyses were conducted to determine the chelated species and phase evolution, respectively. The composition, crystallite size, microstructure and magnetic properties of the SrFe12O19 thin films were evaluated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and vibrating sample magnetometer. The film prepared by using ammonia agent offered the largest coercivity of Hc=4790Oe, while the strontium hexaferrite film prepared with using trimethylamine basic agent exhibited the largest magnetization of Ms=276emu/cm3, with isotropic magnetic behavior.

Abstract 2851: Development of an alkalizing antibody-enzyme conjugate for NSCLC treatment that is in Phase I clinical testing.

Abstract Many solid human tumors generate an acidic and hypoxic microenvironment as a result of altered metabolic pathways and aberrant tumor vasculature. In certain tumors, the chronic exposure to acidic extracellular conditions has been reported to promote invasiveness and metastatic behaviour. In addition, the lower pH may promote resistance to weakly basic chemotherapeutic agents by altering their partitioning coefficient between the extracellular and intracellular compartments. L-DOS47, an immunoconjugate cancer therapeutic, has been developed to target this unique tumor microenvironment. L-DOS47 is a conjugate of a lung adenocarcinoma specific single domain antibody and a urease enzyme. The antibody serves as a targeting agent to deliver the enzyme to the affected site while the urease enzyme coverts urea, an abundant metabolite, into ammonia and generates a local pH increase. The combined effect of ammonia toxicity and pH increase is cytotoxic to cancer cells as shown both in culture and in xenograft models. In vitro experiments showed that L-DOS47 also dramatically potentiated the cytotoxicity of a number of chemotherapeutics. Imaging studies using A549 xenografts and labelled L-DOS47 applied intravenously showed that the drug molecule preferentially accumulated and persisted at the tumor site. L-DOS47 has been studied in a number of tissue-cross reactivity studies to identify suitable animal species for toxicological studies. Cryosections of normal human, cynomolgus monkey, Sprague-Dawley rat, and CD-1 mouse tissues were compared. L-DOS47 produced specific staining to control material (BxPC-3 cells) and those tissues that are known to express CEACAM6 - an antigen for L-DOS47. Both cytoplasmic and membrane bound staining were observed. Results of these studies suggest that the primate and both rodent species are suitable for animal toxicological studies. Pivotal GLP compliant animal toxicological studies in cynomologus monkey and rat together with several non-GLP pilot animal studies were done. In the primate GLP study, L-DOS47 (0, 17, 26, and 35 μg/kg) was administered by IV infusion on Days 1, 8, 15 and 22, followed by a 28-day recovery period. Main study animals were sacrificed on Day 25 and recovery animals on Day 50. Standard toxicology parameters were evaluated. In addition, toxicokinetics, cytokine stimulation and immunogenicity were also evaluated. A separate cardiovascular safety pharmacology study was also conducted. No treatment related clinical signs were observed for the animals treated with 17 or 26μg/kg of L-DOS47. Adverse signs were observed in some but not all of the high dose (35 μg/kg) treated animals. Based on adverse clinical signs observed at 35μg/kg, the NOAEL was determined to be 26 μg/kg/day in this study. Currently L-DOS47 is approved for phase I/II studies in Europe and the U.S.A. Patient enrollment has begun in Poland and first patient has been dosed. Citation Format: Heman Chao, Baomin Tian, Kim Gaspar, John Docherty, Wah Wong. Development of an alkalizing antibody-enzyme conjugate for NSCLC treatment that is in Phase I clinical testing. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2851. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2851

The Decline of Democratic Governance: An Analysis and a Modest Proposal

Why has democratic governance declined, at least in the Anglo‐American world? This essay maps the causes. It starts with the major parties, once basic agents of mass mobilisation and representation. It argues that a cascading series of developments, often involving contingent adjustments to immediate exigencies, have, in a longer perspective, created a fundamental gap between the political system and its publics. A second section then sketches paths to democratic renewal. How might this gap be closed? What other changes might be required to make this a reality? Are prospects of change fanciful?

Surface treatments of wood by chemically modified shellac

Shellac is an animal resin, which has been widely used as a decorative lacquer for wooden handicrafts in the last centuries. It still finds application as wood sealer and finisher because of its peculiar properties. However, there are also some limitations, such as sensitivity to alcoholic solvents and to pH variations and considerable tendency to chromatic variations upon ageing. The aim of this work is to improve some features of shellac by inducing a cross-linking in its structure. Two new materials were obtained by addition of a polyamine and a polyaziridine to shellac, and their performance were studied by different experiments. The varnish obtained by addition of polyaziridine shows a considerably improved performance when compared to plain shellac. In particular, it preserves almost unaltered the chromatic properties of shellac varnish and it shows an increased resistance to alcohols, to basic agents and to artificial ageing caused by a long lasting UV irradiation.

Interferon-αEnhances 5′-Deoxy-5-Fluorouridine-Induced Apoptosis by ERK-Dependant Upregulation of Thymidine Phosphorylase

5-Florouracil (5-FU) is the basic agent used in the treatment of gastric cancer. Capecitabine, a prodrug of 5-FU, displays increased antitumor efficacy compared with 5-FU in the clinic. 5′-Deoxy-5-fluorouracil (5′-DFUR), the metabolite of capecitabine, is converted to 5-FU by the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase (TP), which is present at high concentrations in human tumors. In this study, we investigated the effect of interferon-α (IFN-α) on the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to treatment with 5′-DFUR and its relationship with TP expression. Preincubation of gastric cancer cells with IFN-α enhanced 5′-DFUR-induced apoptosis via IFN-α-mediated upregulation of TP. The depletion of TP with small interfering RNA (siRNA) obviously inhibited IFN-α-induced upregulation of TP expression and thus prevented apoptosis induced by IFN-α and 5′-DFUR. Treatment with IFN-α and combined IFN-α and 5′-DFUR treatment were also associated with concomitant activation of ERK signaling. Treatment with the ERK inhibitor PD98059 or depletion of ERK with siRNA partially reversed IFN-α-induced upregulation of TP expression, thus partially preventing apoptosis induced by IFN-α and 5′-DFUR. Taken together, our study shows that IFN-α enhanced 5′-DFUR-induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells by upregulation of TP expression, which is partially regulated by activation of ERK signaling.

The History of Modern Biotechnology in Iran: A Medical Review

The origin of biotechnology goes back to millenniums ago. The ancient China and Egypt were the first countries that used biotechnology in the form of food fermentation. The modern biotechnology especially in the field of medicine is introduced as “Technology of Hope” as many people are favored from the medical biotechnology products in therapeutic or prophylaxis form worldwide. Interestingly, Iran is one of the pioneers in many fields of biotechnology especially medical biotechnology in the Asia-pacific region. About nine decades ago, vaccine production was commenced in Pasteur and Razi Institutes in Iran by the emphasis on human vaccines and animal studies, respectively. It was a start point in development of modern pharmaceutical industries in Iran. Continued national research has led to investigate and launch various medical products at both national and international scales. Now, results of incoming research in medical biotechnology have various promising advances at different views from experimental to clinical trials. One of these surprising approaches includes animal cloning for the basic research and therapeutic agent recovery means. Other applications are related to genomics, proteomics, tissue engineering, stem cell techniques and diagnostic tools. However, any efforts in this area must be supported financially and educationally by the government and private sectors to continue the rich history of biotechnology in Iran.

Randomly Roving Agents in Wireless Sensor Networks

Quantitative characterization of randomly roving agents in wireless sensor networks (WSN) is studied. Below the formula simplifications, regarding the known results and publications, it is shown that the basic agent model is probabilistically equivalent to a similar simpler model and then a formula for frequencies is achieved in terms of combinatorial second kind Stirling numbers. Stirling numbers are well studied and different estimates are known for them letting to justify the roving agents quantitative characteristics.

Agent-based test-bed for road information systems

Road safety is one of the most important concerns of road authorities. In order to improve road safety, traffic managers develop traffic management and control strategies. The use of advanced traffic management systems is to support road managers in daily traffic management tasks. However, it is important to test in advance, the traffic strategies to evaluate the results and their suitability to the current situation. In this study, a test-bed based on multi-agent is presented. The purpose of this test-bed is to be able to test several traffic information strategies in case of adverse weather situations. It consists in a knowledge model implemented by a set of basic agents. These agents are easily configurable and extensible to aid in-depth research in this field. The test includes agents to control variable message signal, weather stations, data collection stations etc. The test-bed interface is based on Google maps providing a realistic environment that facilitates the implementation of the tested strategies in the real world.

The program for the implementation of the multi-agent concept is highly sophisticated Measurement of terms for conducting electronic commerce

Requirements formulated and proposed a model of a multi-agent system designed for e-commerce tasks. An agent-based system has been developed, as well as its software implementation in JAVA language. The software implementation of the electronic market with the introduction of basic intelligent agents is proposed. An algorithm for negotiating sales is described, which provides full control over the sales process. The main directions of using multi-agent systems in e-commerce are highlighted.

Precipitation of various shapes of nanosized zinc oxide from zinc chloride solutions by neutralization with MgO and Ca(OH)2 as non-transparent basic agents

Various shapes of nanostructured wurtzite-type ZnO including nanorods, needle-like nanorods and spherical nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple aqueous controlled-precipitation process. The precipitation process of ZnO was accomplished via the reaction between ZnCl2 solution and Ca(OH)2 and MgO suspensions at 85 °C for 1 h. With MgO, layered zinc hydroxychloride was precipitated as a precursor which was converted to zinc oxide by adjusting the pH value or calcination at 520 °C for 4 h. Using Ca(OH)2, ZnO was precipitated directly. One of the scopes of this study is to investigate the effect of solid particles of a non-transparent alkaline agent on the growth mechanism of the ZnO crystal. Nano spherical particles were produced by the addition of the zinc chloride solution into the basic suspension while, nanorods were obtained when the alkaline suspension was dropped into the zinc-containing solution. It can be concluded from the results that solid particles of a basic suspension can prevent the incorporation of the growth units into the crystal lattice of the ZnO nuclei when a zinc containing solution is dropped into a basic suspension.

SURFACTANT-ASSISTED SOL-GEL AUTO-COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS OF SR-HEXAFERRITE NANOPOWDER USING DIFFERENT FUELS AND BASIC AGENTS

In this research Sr -hexaferrite powder was synthesized by a sol–gel auto-combustion route using two different fuels (glycine and citric acid) and two different basic agents (ammonia and trimethylamine). N -decyltrimethylammonium bromide ( C 13 H 30 BrN ) was also employed as a cationic surfactant. The results showed the finest crystallite size and the lowest calcination temperature have been obtained as 27.2 nm and 800 °C respectively, in the presence of citric acid, trimethylamine and surfactant.

ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiproliferative Evaluation of 3,5‐Disubstituted 1,2,4‐Triazoles Containing Fluorophenyl and Trifluoromethanephenyl Moieties.

AbstractAn 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition yields a series of triazoles by reaction of aldehydes (I) and (IV) with hydrazonoylchlorides (II) and hydroxylamine in the presence of a basic agent.

Preparation and Thermal Stability of Micro/Nano Silicone Rubber Particles

The micro/nano particles of silicone rubber were prepared with α, ω-dihydroxy polyorganosiloxane, as basic polymer and crosslinking agent via emulsion polymerization method at room temperature. The structure and performance of the particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), FT-IR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that the particles had certain ordered structure and thermal stability.

Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of 3,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-triazoles containing flurophenyl and trifluoromethanephenyl moieties

An efficient 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition method was performed for the synthesis of a series of monofluoro- and trifluoromethane-3,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-triazoles. This efficient cycloaddition method was to react hydrazonoyl hydrochlorides with a series of aldehydes in the presence of NEt(3) as catalytic basic agent to provide the corresponding product in 28-94%. Their growth inhibitory results against cancer cells indicated that some of the fluorine- and trifluoromethane-containing compounds could effectively inhibit the growth of NCI-H226 and T-cell leukemia (Jurkat) cells. Among the compounds, trifluoromethane-containing 1,2,4-triazoles possessed the five-membered ring groups on the C-5 position of the triazolic ring, including cyclopentyl, 3-furyl, 3-thienyl, and 2-pyrrolyl, possessed the significant inhibitory activity for NCI-H226 cancer cells.

OWL-Based Description for Agent

This paper presents a detailed formal specification of agents and their properties and abilities,based on the Web Ontology Language (OWL). It allows an agent to be specified entirely using standard mark-up languages from the Semantic Web community, namely RDF, RDF Schemaand OWL. The basic agent components are identified and their implementation using ontology development tools is described.The description improves consistency, interoperability and maintainability of agent program. Therefore,the design errors in the early development stages could be efficiently detected and avoided.