Data Base Research Articles

Experimental Study on Ice Shedding Behaviors for Aero-Engine Fan Blade Icing during Ground Idle

Fan blade icing can affect efficiency and aerodynamic stability, and the shed ice may be sucked into the core of the engine, causing adverse effects or even damage to the compressor components. Ice accretion and shedding are among the key issues in engine design and tests. But they have not been clearly understood. In this work, ice shedding from rotating aero-engine fan blades during continuous icing is experimentally investigated under the relevant airworthiness requirements. The phenomena of icing and ice shedding under different ambient temperatures and engine speeds are recorded to obtain the ice-shedding time and the characteristic length of the residual ice. Force analysis is used to understand the corresponding behavior. The degree of ice-shedding balance Db is defined to explore the symmetry of ice shedding. The results show that the shedding time is significantly affected by the rotational speed, and the characteristic length will first shorten and then grow as the ambient temperature decreases. When the ice shedding is completed instantaneously, Db will show a violent shock. There is a critical ambient temperature, below which the ice accretion will worsen significantly as temperature decreases. For aero-engine fan blade icing tests during ground idle, the critical ambient temperature ranges from −5 ∘C to −9 ∘C. In order for the ice to shed faster, the engine speed has to reach a threshold. This study can shed light on the preliminary characteristics of ice shedding from rotating components and provide guidance and a data basis for the numerical simulation of fan blade icing and the design of an aero-engine.

Addressing a community need: assessing the confidence and attitude of senior medical students in responding to in-flight emergencies

Traveling physicians will likely be called for medical assistance on board. In-flight medical emergencies (IMEs) are common and occur in a complex environment with limited medical resources. This study evaluated senior medical students’ willingness, understanding, confidence, and attitudes toward IMEs and their willingness to respond to them. This cross-sectional study was conducted among senior medical students in the College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. These medical students were sent a self-administered online questionnaire, which consisted of basic demographic data, a survey to evaluate IME experiences, and a 10-item questionnaire to assess the attitude of students. Among 302 medical students, 52.3% were males, while 66.9% were over 22 years old. The prevalence of students who attended life support training was 62.6%, which was highly significant among the 5th-year level (p = 0.001). Neutral attitudes were found in most students (87.7%); 4.6% had positive attitudes, while 7.6% had negative ones. Being at the 5th-year level and having previous participation in life support training were associated with an increased attitude toward in-flight medical emergencies. The attitude of senior medical students toward IMEs was less than desired. However, the attitude was better among 5th-year medical students who attended training courses on managing IMEs. Thus, participation in training courses influenced the willingness to manage such cases. Subsequently, longitudinal studies are needed to extract more data on the knowledge and confidence of medical students toward IMEs.

Study on the Comprehensive Assessment and its Application of Environmental Pollution Governance Effect of Low-carbon Tourism Emissions from Energy Consumption in Jiangsu Province

Jiangsu Province is the first largest province in China for low-carbon tourism, set to explore the comprehensive assessment method of the effect of low-carbon tourism environmental pollution governance in Jiangsu Province and to promote the effective way of continuous improvement of low-carbon tourism in Jiangsu. This paper takes the effect of low-carbon tourism environmental pollution governance in Jiangsu Province as an overall comprehensive assessment object and utilizes the spatial ecological niche model as well as the basic statistical data of Jiangsu Province to carry out a comprehensive assessment study on the effect of low-carbon tourism environmental pollution governance in Jiangsu Province from 2013 to 2021. It is found that the comprehensive assessment coefficient of low-carbon tourism in Jiangsu Province rises from 0.8770 in 2013, with the environmental pollution governance effect of low-carbon tourism ranked at level II, to 0.9401 in 2021, with the corresponding environmental pollution governance effect of low-carbon tourism ranked at level I, which fully reflects the good trend of continuous growth of the environmental pollution governance effect of low-carbon tourism in Jiangsu Province. According to the specific assessment results, this paper further puts forward policy recommendations to promote the continuous improvement of the environmental pollution governance effect of low-carbon tourism in Jiangsu Province.

Influence of patient characteristics and discharge destination on circulatory system diseases readmissions among older heart failure patients

IntroductionHeart failure (HF) prevalence is rising, particularly among older people, constituting a significant cause of hospitalization. Discharge destinations, including nursing homes (NH), play a crucial role in post-hospitalization outcomes but remain underexplored. MethodsA retrospective study utilizing the Spanish National Health System's Minimum Basic Data Set identified older HF patients (≥75 years) discharged from acute hospitals between 2016 and 2019. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and discharge destinations were analyzed. Predictors of 30-day readmissions for circulatory system diseases and NH admission were assessed using multilevel logistic regression models. ResultsOf 157,330 index episodes, 2.8 % were discharged to NH, more frequently in females. Thirty-day readmission incidence was 9.3 %, with HF exacerbations accounting for 80.6 % of cases. Predictors of 30-day readmission included renal failure (OR: 1.38), severe hematological disorders (OR: 1.30), and history of coronary revascularization surgery (OR: 1.23), while discharge to NH lowered the risk (OR: 0.70). Admission to NH was associated with neurological diseases (OR: 3.27), cardiogenic shock (OR: 3.19), stroke (OR: 2.68), advanced cancer (OR: 2.51), with higher likelihood among females (OR: 1.23). After propensity score-matched analysis, patients discharged to NH had significantly lower 30-day readmission rates than those discharged home (6.4 % vs. 28.9 %, adjusted OR: 0.169). ConclusionDischarge to NH is infrequent but associated with lower readmission risk for older HF patients. Female gender, specific comorbidities, and acute conditions influence NH admission. Enhanced collaboration between HF units and NH is crucial for optimizing post-hospitalization outcomes. Further research and policy initiatives are needed to improve care coordination and reduce HF readmissions.

체육전공 대학생의 전공만족도와 무경계진로태도가 진로탄력성에 미치는 영향

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of major satisfaction and boundary-less career attitude of college students majoring in physical education on career elasticity, suggest measures to promote employment of college students majoring in physical education, and provide basic data necessary for employment guidance for college students majoring in physical education. It is in Methods 450 students from the sports departments of three universities located in Daegu and North Gyeongsang Province were selected and sampled using the convenience extraction method, and 427 questionnaires were used for the final analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis, frequency analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were conducted using the Windows SPSS Ver 22.0 statistical program. Results First, positive and negative correlations were found between the major satisfaction perceived by college students majoring in physical education, their boundaryless career attitude, and career elasticity. Second, it was found that college students majoring in physical education had a positive effect on perceived major satisfaction and a negative effect on major dissatisfaction. Third, the borderless career attitude perceived by college students majoring in physical education was found to have a positive effect on the sub-factors of career elasticity. Conclusions If we can increase the level of major satisfaction and boundary-less career attitude of college students majoring in physical education, it is believed that this can increase the career elasticity necessary to promote employment of college students majoring in physical education, and it can be useful for leaders in guiding college students majoring in physical education toward employment. You will be able to use it.

노인복지시설종사자의 감정노동과 돌봄서비스 질의 관계에서 직무스트레스의 매개효과

Objectives This study seeks to verify the effect of job stress on the impact of emotional labor of workers at elderly welfare facilities on the quality of care services. Through this, the purpose was to provide basic data for the development and intervention of education and counseling programs to reduce emotional labor and job stress that affect the quality of care services. Methods For this purpose, 94 workers at elderly welfare facilities in the Daegu area were selected as research subjects and data were collected. The collected data were subjected to reliability analysis, frequency analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, and correlation analysis using SPSS 23 0. Regression analysis and Sobel Test were conducted to verify the mediation effect. Results First, the average of emotional labor was 3.004 out of 5, the average of care service quality was 3.898 out of 5, and the average of job stress was 2.667 out of 5. Second, emotional labor was found to have a significant negative effect on the quality of care services and a positive effect on job stress, and job stress was found to have a negative effect on the quality of care services. Third, job stress was found to mediate the relationship between emotional labor and quality of care services. Conclusions This study proved that job stress is an important mediating factor in the relationship between the emotional labor of elderly welfare facility workers and the quality of care services. By verifying the major variables that affect the quality of care services for workers at elderly welfare facilities, we provided implications for the development of education and counseling programs to reduce emotional labor and job stress that can increase the quality of care services.

텍스트 마이닝을 활용한 국내 기본심리욕구 연구 동향 분석

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine research trends related to basic psychological needs in Korea and identify major research topics and trends. Methods To this end, we analyzed 327 academic papers related to basic psychological needs, which were more than candidates for KCI registration published on the Academic Research Information Service. The data was preprocessed through an R program, and the results of keyword frequency analysis were visualized in a word cloud, and analyzed by topic modeling. Results First, according to the literature status, 327 journals have been published in 106 societies, including the Learner-Centered Curriculum Education Association and the Korean Youth Association. Second, in keyword frequency analysis, terms such as basic psychology, desire, research, relationship, influence, mediation, analysis, autonomy, effectiveness, satisfaction, and competence appeared as top words. Third, topic modeling results were categorized by effects on individual psychological well-being, research methods, relationships with elementary school students and psychological well-being, the influence of young people's home and school environments, the mental health of college students, and relationships with stressors in modern society. Conclusions This study is significant in that it identified the characteristics of basic psychological needs research trends in Korea by applying text mining techniques to a vast amount of information on basic psychological needs, and it can be used as useful basic data for setting the direction of basic psychological needs research and selecting research topics in the future.

Sovereign CDS Spread and Term Structure Forecasting Based on Neural Network

The article aims to forecast credit risk for BRICS countries using daily credit default swaps (CDS) spreads obtained from Datastream data base from 2018 to 2023. Our approach consists, first, of forecasting the CDS spread in order to estimate the forecasted CDS term structure. The general regression neural network (GRNN) is used to predict the CDS spread. By checking the accuracy of the prediction, the results show that the GRNN model can be recommended as an effective forecasting tool for CDS spread. Second, the predicted spreads are used to estimate the forecasted CDS term structure using the Nelson–Siegel model. The results show that for Russia, overall, the CDS spreads in the long term are less than those in the short term, which implies that the future outlook is more optimistic, given the events that occurred during the study period, but it still retains the highest level of credit risk compared to other countries. Unlike Brazil, India and South Africa, the future outlook is more pessimistic. For China, the term structure is unstable; in the short term, there is a tendency to reduce the risk, but for longer horizons, the risk will increase. Thus, BRICS countries have different risk profiles depending on investment horizons. The study’s findings help policymakers in developing tailored risk management strategies for BRICS countries and guide investors in making informed credit investment decisions. The use of advanced forecasting tools like GRNN and Nelson–Siegel models emphasizes the importance of sophisticated techniques in enhancing financial market resilience.

DiSSCo Flanders and ILVO-CMS: Unlocking and Enhancing the Management of Natural Science Collections in a Belgian Research Institute

Effective management of natural science collections is crucial to maximizing their scientific value. They often contain invaluable items like type specimens and reference material, and data that contributes significantly to our understanding of biodiversity, ecology, and evolution. Research institutes often harbor several smaller collections, which are seldom managed properly, as collection management is not their core business, and because they are not directly connected to the natural science collection community. Recognizing these challenges, DiSSCo Flanders (Distributed System of Scientific Collections) has set out to develop a standardized infrastructure for managing natural science collections, ensuring their proper long-term conservation, and facilitating future reuse (Trekels 2022). Within the DiSSCo Flanders consortium of 14 Belgian institutes, we inventoried the collections utilizing the SYNTHESYS+ survey (Van Baelen 2022) and evaluated their state and management practices using the Collections Self-Assessment Tool (CSAT) (Van Baelen, in preparation). At the Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO, Belgium), 15 collections comprising over 558,000 items were cataloged. A significant portion of these, approximately 95%, are marine fish otoliths used for age determination and stock assessments of commercially important fish species. Additionally, ILVO has around 21,000 food- and plant-related items housed within microbial collections. These are instrumental in research related to plant pathology, food spoilage, and biocontrol methods. Furthermore, ILVO maintains several smaller, yet equally important collections. These include insect specimens, macrobenthos reference specimens, an array of seeds and azalea cultivars, marine and agricultural soil samples, and DNA samples from various of the aforementioned collections. To align with the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) and to connect with the DiSSCo Europe Research Infrastructure, ILVO developed an in-house Collection Management System (CMS). This web application, utilizing a normalized relational database structure, generates dynamic and customizable web pages. It allows users to input, edit, search, and export data through a user-friendly, browser-based interface that supports multiple languages. Data can also be uploaded using custom Microsoft® Excel® templates that conform to the specific data model, ensuring that data is consistently formatted and easily integrable. The back end of the system is responsible for managing the collections and vocabularies (largely aligned with the Darwin Core standard (Darwin Core Task Group. 2009)), while the front end dynamically generates the multilingual user interface and collection-specific vocabularies. This flexibility provides a tailored experience for users based on the specific nature of the collections they are managing, which is particularly important for an institute like ILVO, with diverse collections that require different terminologies and data structures. ILVO-CMS also boasts features that extend beyond basic data management. Users can attach documents and pictures; they can create relationships between items; there are functionalities for referencing other databases; and the system is able to track transactions, such as loans. Though custom-developed for ILVO, the platform’s adaptability enables easy customization and implementation for other institutes and (smaller) collections globally. The usage of ILVO-CMS at ILVO will significantly improve the management, organization, accessibility, and exchangeability of the collections, enhancing their scientific value. By implementing such a comprehensive management tool, ILVO is better positioned to ensure that the collections are not only preserved for future generations but also readily available for ongoing and future research projects. One of the key future goals for ILVO-CMS is the incorporation of 3D images. These virtual representations of physical items will enhance the ability to study and share specimens, through their 3D images, without the need for physical handling, thereby reducing the risk of damage or loss. Additionally, we are committed to the further development of a user-friendly interface to facilitate the (re-)use of ILVO collections, both internally and externally. This includes integrating and updating features based on user feedback and linking a taxonomic backbone, such as that of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF Secretariat 2023). ILVO’s experience demonstrates that through opportunities like DiSSCo Flanders, which bring in temporary funding and promote a culture of collaboration, research institutions without public-oriented collections may contribute to global natural science collections.

PPDC: An online platform for the prediction of plant distributions in China

Abstract The survival and reproduction of plants in a particular region are closely related to the local ecological niche. The use of species distribution models based on the ecological niche concept to predict potential distributions can effectively guide the protection of endangered plants, prevention and control of invasive plants, and plant introduction and ex-situ conservation. However, traditional methods and processes for predicting potential distributions of plants are tedious and complex, requiring the collection and processing of large amounts of data and the manual operation of multiple tools. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve large-scale prediction of the potential distributions of plants. To address these limitations, by collecting and organizing a large amount of basic data, occurrence records, and environmental data and integrating species distribution models and mapping techniques, a workflow to automatically predict the potential distributions of Chinese plants was established, thus the innovative work of predicting the potential distributions of 32,000 species of plants in China was completed. Furthermore, an online platform for predicting plant distributions in China (PPDC) based on visualization technology was developed, providing a basis for sharing the prediction results across a wide range of scientists and technologists. Users can quickly access information about the potential distributions of plants in China, providing a reference for the collection, preservation, and protection of plant resources. In addition, users can quickly predict the potential distribution of a certain plant in a certain region in China according to specific needs, thus providing technical support for research and a basis for biodiversity conservation.

Young People’s voices on social justice: a participatory storytelling and action learning approach

ABSTRACT South Africa is home to a large youth population, defined in South Africa as aged between 18 and 34 years. In working to transform our unequal society, we need to take diverse youth voices, including young people at university, into account regarding what matters to them. To enable their voices, the paper recounts a participatory storytelling research project with students in the educational space of one South African university. Using individual and collective digital storytelling, participants produced an archive of everyday stories, which then comprised a data base for them to analyse social in/justice issues and themes and co-create knowledge from the ground-up, with their emergent ideas categorised in a social injustice map. Through the iterative action learning and reflective process, participants developed their critical awareness of injustices and enhanced their sense of their own epistemic agency to contribute to change. Both the project process and the formation of intersecting capabilities for the co-creation of substantive reparative knowledge about social injustices and fairness were advanced through the project. Finally, it is suggested that these two capabilities might be applied to young people globally as crucial for contributions to epistemic agency and for making more just future societies.

Associations of parenting styles with substance use in the offspring-A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Parenting styles have been suggested to predict the use of psychoactive substances in the offspring, although the size of associations might vary between cultures. The present meta-analysis tested whether parenting styles show concurrent and longitudinal associations with substance use and whether this association is moderated by study characteristics. A systematic search in electronic data bases resulted in 184 studies that were included in multi-level meta-analysis. An authoritative parenting style correlated with lower substance use (r =-0.12, confidence interval [CI] -0.14 to -0.10) while the reverse was found for neglectful (r = 0.10, CI 0.08 to 0.13), permissive (r = 0.04, CI 0.01 to 0.07) and authoritarian parenting (r = 0.03, CI 0.00 to 0.05). Analysis of cross-lagged effects found only an effect of authoritative parenting on decline of substance use (r = -0.06, CI -0.12 to -0.00). The size of associations varied, in part, by levels of horizontal and vertical collectivism or individualism, assessment of three versus four parenting styles, type of substance, and use of same versus different informants for assessing parenting and substance use. Parenting styles show small to very small associations with substance use. Although parents are recommended to behave in an authoritative manner, we should have only modest expectations about the effects of parenting styles on substance use in the offspring.

Dissipation and Residue of Chloroisobromine Cyanuric Acid in Ginger and Pepper and Its Dietary Intake Risk Assessment.

Chloroisobromine cyanuric acid is a highly effective broad-spectrum systemic fungicide for disease control in agricultural crops. In this study, the degradation, residue levels, and potential dietary risks associated with the chloroisobromine cyanuric acid residues in two widely consumed crops, pepper and ginger, were evaluated through supervised field experiments conducted at 12 sites for pepper and 4 sites for ginger in China in 2021. A QuEChERS-LC-MS/MS method was established for quantifying cyanuric acid (CYA) in both crops. The method achieved a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.02 mg kg-1 for ginger and 0.05 mg kg-1 for pepper, with recovery rates ranging from 91% to 96% for ginger and 84% to 89% for pepper and the relative standard deviation of 2.9% to 11.2% for ginger and 2.8%~12.9% for pepper, respectively. The results indicated that CYA had half-lives ranging from 3.1 to 8.2 days in pepper, and the terminal CYA residues at harvest were all lower than 5 mg kg-1, the maximum residue limit established in China. Furthermore, the chronic dietary risk exposure to chloroisobromine cyanuric acid in ginger and pepper, harvested at a pre-harvest interval of three days and at the normal harvesting time after the application of 50% chloroisobromine cyanuric acid soluble powder (SP), was 37.96%, which was much lower than 100%, indicating no significant health risks to the Chinese population. This study provides basic data for establishing the MRLs and serving as a reference for developing the analytical method applicable to CYA residues in different plant matrices.

Semaglutide effects on safety and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist that provides a reduction in glycated hemoglobin and weight. The objective was to evaluate whether the use of semaglutide, in individuals with overweight or obesity, reduces cardiovascular outcomes and adverse effects (AE). The data bases Pubmed, Lilacs, Scielo, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were surveyed. Initially, 3333 articles were found, of which 19 articles were included. An additional search included 19 studies, totaling 38 articles. Relative risk (RR) values were significant for hospitalization due to heart failure (HF) 0.24 95% CI 0.12-0.57 (n = 2; 1045 participants; I² = 0.18), death due to cardiovascular causes 0.83 95% CI 0.71-0.98 (n = 3; 24 084 participants; I² = 0.21), death from any cause 0.79 95% CI 0.70-0.89 (n = 3; 24 084 participants; I² = 0.07), coronary revascularization 0.76 95% CI 0.69-0.85 (n = 2;20 951 participants; I² = 0.41), and non-fatal myocardial infarction 0.76 95%CI 0.66-0.88 (n = 3; 24 084 participants; I² = 0.21), with a difference between the subgroups (p = 0.05), favoring the subcutaneous administration route. The RR of stroke was 0.65 95% CI 0.44-0.97 for patients with diabetes (n = 2; 6480 participants; I² = 0.66). There was no difference between the frequency of constipation and routes of administration, as well as between doses of oral semaglutide. The RR of adverse effects was only not significant for discontinuation of treatment for oral semaglutide. The use of semaglutide reduced 76% in hospitalization due to HF, 17% deaths due to cardiovascular causes, 21% deaths due to any cause, 24% non-fatal myocardial infarction, 24% coronary revascularization and 35% stroke (in patients with diabetes). The use of semaglutide was associated with a higher relative risk and frequency of most adverse effects evaluated.

Stress and Coping Behavior Exhibited by Family Members Toward Long-Term Care Facility Residents While Hospitalized.

With the increase in the elderly population, institution-based care has become another option for elderly people. In Changhua, Taiwan, the number of long-term institutions has doubled in the past decade, and more families are choosing to send their elders to institutions for care. However, there is stress induced by having to care for these elders when they come back to their family members when hospitalized. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the stress and coping behaviors of family members in regard to hospitalized long-term care facility residents and identify relevant factors that affect and predict the stress and coping behaviors exhibited by these family members. In this study, a quantitative and cross-sectional survey was conducted using the convenience-sampling method; family members of long-term care facility residents hospitalized in a regional hospital in central Taiwan were selected as the research participants and a total of 162 family members were admitted. The data were collected in the form of questionnaires including basic information and data on the stress and coping behaviors of the family members. The data were collected and coded by using SPSS 22.0 to perform descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The standard average score of total stress for family members was 57.03 points, which corresponds to a moderate level. The four perceptions of stress by family members were, in order, physiological, life, psychological, and economic. Furthermore, family income, work status, and the relationship between residents of the family members and physiological, psychological, and economic factors had predictive power for their problem-oriented coping behaviors, with an explanatory power of 59.6%. Life aspects, gender, marital status, and the number of hospitalizations in half a year had significant predictive power for the family members' emotion-oriented coping behaviors, with an explanatory power of 19.0%. The family members had high levels of stress, especially physical stress, and the total scores of stress perception were higher for those who were younger than 39 years old and had no rotating family members. Additionally, the coping behavior of the main caregiver was mainly problem-oriented. The results of this study may serve as a reference that can help nursing staff in clinical or long-term care facilities to provide or develop effective and individualized services for family members of facility residents.

Study on the immune enhancers against <i>Micropterus salmoides</i> rhabdovirus infection

Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV) is one of the most serious pathogens harming M. salmoides juvenile, which had brought huge economic losses to farming industry. Studies involving candidate genes to the clinical diseases, however, are limited. In this study, the viral target and clinical manifestation of MSRV on M. salmoides juvenile were analyzed, and the protective effects of a single immune enhancer and a compound immune enhancer were evaluated. The results showed that the brain, liver, intestine and muscle of M. salmoides showed obvious lesions after infection with MSRV. The relative expression levels of nucleoprotein (N) and matrix protein (M) genes showed a trend of increasing at first and then decreasing and reached the peak in each tissue at 36 h post-infection. The mortality rate of M. salmoides was over 90% after 7 days of MSRV infection. The immune enhancers containing free nucleotides and Astragalus polysaccharide added to the diet effectively inhibited the replication of N and M genes in M. salmoides and increased the survival rate by 25% to 28%. This study provided basic data and theoretical reference for the analysis of the pathological mechanism and prevention and treatment of MSRV.

Emerging challenges in the application of artificial intelligence for the eye disease screening in Chinese primary healthcare institutions

Breakthroughs have been achieved recently in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) for the eye disease screening in Chinese primary healthcare institutions, but challenges have also emerged. First, AI software has continuously evolved, expanding the range of eye diseases that can be screened, enhancing diagnostic accuracy, and progressing towards predicting the course of eye diseases. However, inadequate infrastructure such as 5G and a shortage of specialized personnel have hindered the coverage of screenings. Second, while the cost-effectiveness of AI is well-established, new screening models have impacted the equity of screenings. It is essential to tailor AI application models to the specific context of China. Third, AI screening guidelines have been increasingly improved, providing direction for AI development and reference for the promotion and application of AI technologies. Nonetheless, high-quality empirical research is urgently needed to provide scientific evidence for policymaking related to AI in the eye disease screening. Therefore, it is suggested to develop multimodal AI models that integrate basic data such as symptoms and medical history with simple ophthalmic examinations, to accelerate the construction of infrastructure like 5G and focus on cultivating interdisciplinary talents, to explore suitable service systems and models for the large-scale eye disease screening tailored to local conditions, and to conduct long-term, multi-center, empirical studies.

Research on University Data Governance Scheme Based on Data Platform

A data governance solution for universities based on a data center is proposed to address various data management issues encountered in the construction of smart campuses. The solution consists of three parts: a data base, a data resource system, and a data center. With data assetization as the core and data serviceization as the goal, a complete set of mechanisms including data collection, standardization, cleaning and conversion, supporting management, and interface openness are adopted to cover the full lifecycle management of data, explore the value behind data, achieve synchronous improvement of data quality and data service quality, and promote the development of information technology and smart campus construction in universities.

Psychological Impact of Acne and Post Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation Among Sudanese Women

<i>Introduction: </i>Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the skin which often causes a negative impact on a woman's psychological state and quality of life. This study seeks to provide basic data and information about the psychological impact of acne on Sudanese women. <i>Methodology: </i>A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted during the period from June 2022 to January 2023. A total of 400 females aged 15 years and above were included in this study. These are Sudanese women who had suffered from acne in their lives, and who responded to the online study questionnaire. Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) was used to assess the psychological effect of acne.<i> Results: </i>Seventy one percent of respondents had active acne. Acne scars were observed in (74.8%) of participants, while post-acne hyperpigmentation was observed in (71.3%). Facial acne was the most common, as it was observed in (75.8%) of the respondents. The mean age at acne onset was 15.66 years and ranged between 10 and 36 years. Mild and moderate acne were the most common types, accounting for (37.0%) and (41.5%) of cases, respectively. Acne was found to affect the psychological state of the vast majority of the respondents (89%). Cosmetics or makeup were used by (42.3%) of the respondents to conceal acne and scars. Late onset of acne treatment was reported in (42%) of the cases. Most respondents (72.5%) visited doctors to treat acne. The mean Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) score was 4.55, which reflects mild effects of acne on the quality of life of most of the respondents. The adverse psychological impact was found to be significantly associated with increased acne severity, scarring, and hyperpigmentation as well as with university educated respondents. <i>Conclusion: </i>It was found that acne has mild effects on the quality of life of Sudanese women. Late onset of acne treatment resulted in widespread scarring and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation in most participants, which was associated with the psychological impact of acne. There is an urgent need to encourage early treatment of acne to reduce the physical sequalae of acne to reduce the psychosocial consequences associated with the disease and the risk of scarring and hyperpigmentation on Sudanese women. Sudanese health authorities and Sudanese doctors can address this issue through education and awareness programs.

Estimation of tuberculosis mortality burden in spain: a review of the major data sources

IntroductionIn Spain, notifications of cases of tuberculosis (TB) are registered through the National Epidemiological Surveillance Network (RENAVE). The Minimum Basic Data Set (CMBD) provides information on hospital discharge and the Statistics National Institute (INE) draws on medical death certificates. This study aimed to describe TB mortality in Spain and to compare estimates across data sources, as well as with EU/EEA countries.Material and MethodsA retrospective study of TB data between 2008 −2021 was performed. Mortality rates (MR) were calculated for the three databases as well as fatality rates (CFR) for TB location and HIV status using RENAVE data. Time trends were calculated and the average MR and annual average percentage change for Spain were compared with EU/EEA countries.ResultsBetween 2008 and 2021, 4127 TB deaths were reported to RENAVE, 3877 to INE and 4775 to CMBD. The MR was 0.62 per 100,000 inhabitants for RENAVE, 0.59 for INE and 0.72 for CMBD. A statistically significant downward annual trend was observed. Highest MR across all databases were found in men and in those over 80 years old. CFR was higher for meningeal TB and for HIV patients with a risk ratio of 2.02 (95%CI: 1.82-2.2; p<0.05).ConclusionAlthough the TB MR in Spain has followed a downward annual trend, it is necessary to continue improving prevention, diagnosis and treatment. This will require comprehensive measurement, better knowledge and better use of all information to complement surveillance systems.