Decimal Research Articles

Thumbnail-Preserving Encryption Based on Binary–Decimal Hybrid and a Generalized Coupled Logistic Map

Traditional image encryption methods typically make a trade-off between privacy protection and visual usability. To address this issue, a novel thumbnail-preserving encryption scheme is proposed based on a hybrid of decimal and binary pixel values in three pixel groups, utilizing the excellent dynamic characteristics of a generalized coupled logistic map. Theoretically, it is proved that the core algorithm of this scheme is sum-preserving. Experimentally, it is demonstrated that this scheme not only excels in efficiency and resistance to attacks, effectively safeguarding image privacy, but also retains high-quality thumbnails after encryption, achieving both objectives of image privacy protection and visual usability.

Bilateral Idiopathic Neuroretinitis

Background/Objectives: Neuroretinitis (NR) is a rare inflammatory condition characterized by sudden vision loss, optic disc edema and macular star appearance predominantly affecting individuals in their third and fourth decades of life. Methods: This paper describes the case of 33-year-old Caucasian man with no significant medical history complaining of decreased vision for about a week. Results: The ophthalmological exam revealed best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) for the right eye (RE) of 0.8 (decimal notation) and of 0.9 for the left eye (LE). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was 20 mmHg in RE and 18 mmHg in LE. Slit-lamp examination of both eyes (OU) showed no evidence of intraocular inflammation in the anterior chamber or vitreous cavity. Examination of the posterior pole of the right eye showed bilateral papilledema with an incomplete macular fan pattern. Conclusions: Despite extensive laboratory tests, including serologic and imaging investigations, a definitive etiology remained unclear. It is very important to differentiate NR from other optic nerve disorders, requiring careful clinical evaluation and observation of the evolution of symptoms.

Investigation of the Versatile Utilization of Three-Dimensional Vertical Resistive Random-Access Memory in Neuromorphic Computing.

The continuous advancement of computing technologies such as the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence emphasizes the need for innovative approaches to data processing. Faced with limitations in processing speed due to the exponentially increasing volume of data, conventional von-Neumann computing systems are transforming into a new paradigm called neuromorphic computing, inspired by the efficiency of the human brain. We fabricate three-dimensional vertical resistive random-access memory (VRRAM), which is highly suited for neuromorphic computing, and demonstrate its value as an artificial synapse. Beyond simulating simple synaptic functionalities such as spike-rate-dependent plasticity, spike-timing-dependent plasticity, and paired-pulse facilitation, we propose specific applications and experimentally implement them. In pattern recognition simulations based on the weight update characteristics of the fabricated VRRAM, the accuracy achieved in pattern recognition using appropriate pulse schemes reaches 90.4%. Additionally, we demonstrate adaptive learning behavior on the device by mimicking Pavlov's dog experiment with combinations of applied voltage pulses. Finally, we employ suitable write/erase pulse trains to implement binary representations for decimal numbers ranging from 0 to 15, thereby illustrating the significant potential of local devices for edge computing applications.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA POWERPOINT INTERAKTIF PADA MATERI BILANGAN DESIMAL DAN BILANGAN BULAT KELAS V SDN SENDANGGUWO 02

The research aims to develop PowerPoint media for teaching decimal and whole numbers to fifth-grade elementary school students. This study is a development research utilizing the ADDIE model, which consists of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research was conducted at grade V in SD Negeri Sendangguwo 02 Semarang. Data collection tools included validation sheets and student questionnaires, with the analysis technique employing descriptive statistical analysis. The subjects of the study were fifth-grade students at SD Negeri Sendangguwo 02. The data obtained were qualitative and then converted into quantitative data. The results of the study indicate that the developed media is highly feasible, with validation percentages of 94.4% from media experts, 93% from content experts, 87.5% from practitioners, and 95.8% from student responses.

The Application of Dewey Decimal System in Traditional Libraries

The Dewey Decimal System, created by Melvil Dewey in the late 19th century, has been a linchpin of traditional library classification systems for well over a century. This abstract provides a concise overview of the historical significance, principles, and enduring relevance of the Dewey Decimal System in traditional library settings. The Dewey Decimal System revolutionized the way libraries organized their collections, simplifying the process of locating and accessing books and materials. This paper traces the historical development of the Dewey Decimal System and its profound impact on traditional library cataloging and information retrieval. Key principles, such as the use of decimal notation and hierarchical classification, are explored in detail, highlighting their pivotal role in enhancing library management efficiency. Despite its enduring utility, this abstract also acknowledges the system's limitations. Traditional libraries have faced significant challenges in adapting the Dewey Decimal System to accommodate digital resources, multimedia materials, and non - traditional formats. Furthermore, questions have arisen regarding the system's cultural biases and its ability to adequately represent the diversity of knowledge and perspectives. In today's digital age, traditional libraries confront a unique set of challenges, necessitating a reevaluation of the Dewey Decimal System's role and adaptability. This abstract underscores the ongoing dialogue surrounding the system's relevance and its capacity to meet the evolving needs of modern libraries and information seekers. In conclusion, the Dewey Decimal System remains a cornerstone of traditional library organization, albeit with notable adaptational challenges. This abstract serves as a foundation for understanding the historical and contemporary significance of the Dewey Decimal System within the context of traditional libraries, setting the stage for a more comprehensive examination of its impact and future prospects in the full paper.

Review of Vedic Mathematics Yavadunam Tavadunikritya Varganicha Yojayet Sutra for Cubing a Number

This paper discloses secrets and logics of the short formula of ancient Vedic Mathematics Yavadunam Tavadunikritya Varganicha Yojayet Sutra in finding the cube of a positive number. Through the formalization process, we have aimed to bridge the gap between ancient mathematical wisdom and modern theoretical foundations, showcasing the timeless utility of Vedic techniques in mathematical calculations. The sutra has been reviewed using the algebraic explanation in terms of decimal number system of the multiplication process by applying Binomial theorem for the positive integral exponent 3. Some more short-cut techniques have been discussed to explain the sutra and it has been found that they are producing the same result. There are shortcomings that have been found in applying the sutra, which has been solved using some other techniques as a special rule. Later the sutra has been discussed for negative integers also with a note. Before coming to the conclusion, we have discussed some limitations of the sutra, although that has been solved in the paper but with a different process. We have discussed the implications of the sutra for modern computational methods and educational practices, suggesting potential areas for further research.

Practicing variation theory beyond learning study

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore whether and how principles from variation theory can contribute to the planning of teaching and learning beyond learning study.Design/methodology/approachWe study whether and how principles from variation theory contributed to a group of teachers’ planning of teaching and learning about decimal numbers in Grades 4 to 7 working in Subject Didactic Groups – a collaborative arrangement suited to daily teaching. A theoretical thematic analysis approach was used when analyzing eight audio-recorded meetings and written documents.FindingsThe study shows that variation theory principles contributed to the teachers’ planning of teaching and learning. Two themes were identified: the theory contributed to the teachers being able to (1) specify what their students needed to learn and (2) design tasks that they anticipated would afford the opportunity to learn what was identified as being necessary to learn.Originality/valueThe paper demonstrates how variation theory can contribute to teachers’ planning of teaching and learning when used in a collaborative arrangement other than learning study. This leads into a discussion about variation theory being used separately from learning study and the benefits and limitations this other collaborative arrangement can have for gaining knowledge of what is to be learned and taught.

The bias and precision of reporting the average age of human participants

Most research papers in psychology study the behaviour of a sample of participants. To characterise this sample, authors report various characteristics, frequently including the mean age and the associated standard deviation. However, based on reports from authors who publish in Acta Psychologica and from respondents on X/Twitter, the present paper shows that some authors use rounded-down ages whereas others don't, which lead to an uncertainty of 0.5 year in the average age. The results furthermore show that the authors tend to report the average age with two decimals precision, irrespective of the uncertainty of this average. I recommend that publications should explicitly mention how the average age is determined and report its value using a number of decimals that reflects its uncertainty.

Ethnomathematics Digital Student Worksheet Using the Problem Based Learning Model to Improve Creative Mathematical Thinking for Elementary School Students

Low creative mathematical thinking ability is caused by the difficulty of learning mathematics on the division of decimal numbers. Therefore, this research aims to develop digital ethnomathematics worksheets using the PBL model to build students' creative mathematical thinking skills on division of decimal numbers in class V elementary school. This type of research is development research with the ADDIE development model. The subjects of this research were 7 material experts and 2 learning media experts. The test subjects in this research and development were 8 students. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The data collection instrument is a questionnaire sheet. The techniques used to analyze the data are qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The research results, namely the assessment results given by learning material experts, were 84.29% so they were declared very good. The assessment results by learning media experts were 90.00% so they were declared very good. The assessment results by students obtained an overall average score of 81.52%, so it was very good. It was concluded that digital ethnomathematics worksheets using the PBL model were suitable for learning. This research implies that using digital ethnomathematics worksheets using models can improve students' creative thinking.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MATHEMATICS LEARNING THROUGH A REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION APPROACH IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS

The research aims to analyze the effectiveness of mathematics learning through the realistic mathematics education approach in learning the concept of counting integers in grade VI elementary school students. The research used a quasi-experiment with one pretest postets design. The research involved 32 grade VI students at SDN 205 Neglasari, Coblong District, Bandung City. The research instrument is in the form of a multiple-choice test that includes addition and subtraction of decimal numbers. Research shows that the RME approach is effective in producing a significant improvement in students' learning completeness in the addition and subtraction of decimal integers, as well as improving mathematical problem-solving, self-efficacy, reasoning, and mathematical literacy. RME encourages students to recognize the practical application of mathematical concepts through real-world contexts and cultural elements, as well as to cultivate creative and imaginative thinking skills so that they can be an important strategy in improving mathematics education in primary schools.

Applications of LIF to Document Natural Variability of Chlorophyll Content and Cu Uptake in Moss.

Chlorophyll has long been used as a natural indicator of plant health and photosynthetic efficiency. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is an emerging technique for understanding broad spectrum organic processes and has more recently been used to monitor chlorophyll response in plants. Previous work has focused on developing a LIF technique for imaging moss mats to identify metal contamination with the current focus shifting toward application to moss fronds and aiding sample collection for chemical analysis. Two laser systems (CoCoBi a Nd:YGa pulsed laser system and Chl-SL with two blue continuous semiconductor diodes) were used to collect images of moss fronds exposed to increasing levels of Cu (1, 10, and 100 nmol/cm2) using a CMOS camera. The best methods for the preprocessing of images were conducted before the analysis of fluorescence signatures were compared to a control. The Chl-SL system performed better than the CoCoBi, with dynamic time warping (DTW) proving the most effective for image analysis. Manual thresholding to remove lower decimal code values improved the data distributions and proved whether using one or two fronds in an image was more advantageous. A higher DTW difference from the control correlated to lower chlorophyll a/b ratios and a higher metal content, indicating that LIF, with the aid of image processing, can be an effective technique for identifying Cu contamination shortly after an event.

Examining the Conceptual and Procedural Knowledge of Decimal Numbers in Sixth-Grade Elementary School Students

Examining the Conceptual and Procedural Knowledge of Decimal Numbers in Sixth-Grade Elementary School Students

Kesalahan mahasiswa non-matematika dalam melakukan uji normalitas

Normality testing is an essential part of statistical analysis to determine whether observed data are normally distributed or not. This study aims to document and analyze various types of errors frequently made by non-mathematics students when conducting normality tests. Furthermore, this descriptive qualitative research involved 32 second-year non-mathematics students as participants, who were given tasks requiring them to perform normality tests on datasets. The research findings indicate that the most common type of error made by non-mathematics students in conducting normality tests is encoding error, accounting for 40.7% of errors. This occurs when students mistakenly compare decimal values between Lcalc and Ltable. Consequently, the conclusions drawn from these normality tests may be inaccurate. Additionally, other types of errors identified include reading error, comprehension error, transformation error, and process skills error.

The Conclusion Generator

PurposeReliance on null hypothesis significance testing often leads to misinterpretation of research results. Common misinterpretations include that a statistically nonsignificant difference (p ≥ 0.05) implies no difference between groups, and that a statistically significant finding (p < 0.05) is unbiased and clinically important. We aimed to develop a tool — the Conclusion Generator — to mitigate these misconceptions. MethodsWe reviewed the content of the Conclusion Generator and validated its output using published and simulated data. ResultsThe Conclusion Generator is a free online application designed to generate conclusions for scientific papers based on the values and clinical interpretation of the point estimate and confidence interval. Both relative and absolute measures of effect are supported. It offers two modes for interpretation: (1) Statistical mode provides an accurate statistical interpretation of results, with an optional specification of superiority and noninferiority bounds; (2) Clinical mode evaluates the clinical importance of the point estimate and confidence limits as specified by the user. Both modes assume no uncontrolled biases. Users must specify the number of decimals, the direction of a beneficial effect (e.g., relative risk <1 vs. >1), and the level of detail (concise vs. elaborated) for the output. The validation confirmed the Conclusion Generator's capability to interpret research results, considering random error and clinical relevance, while avoiding common misinterpretations associated with null hypothesis significance testing. ConclusionsThe Conclusion Generator facilitates an appropriate interpretation of research results by emphasizing estimation and clinical relevance over hypothesis testing.

A Machine Learning Approach to Predict the Occurrence of Forest Fires with Meteorological Parameters

Forest fires have emerged as a considerable challenge in the United States, posing substantial societal, economic, and environmental risks. As a result, the early and accurate prediction of these fires is imperative for management efforts. In this study, we used two Kaggle datasets: the “Algerian Forest Fires Dataset” with fire readings from 2012 and the “Forest Fires Data Set” with readings from 2007. However, because the second data set was originally intended for a regression task, providing approximate area values representing the predicted burned area of the forest fire, we phased the data set out while developing our final model. Ultimately, we used the Algerian Forest Fires Dataset, containing 13 attributes and 244 instances of forest fires in two regions of Algeria. To streamline the analysis, we reduced the number of features to 5, namely, month, temperature, humidity, wind, and rain. Moreover, we developed a Random Forest Classifier model to predict the occurrence of a forest fire, using the data set for training and testing. Performance was compared against Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, and Artificial Neural Network models, using cross-validation. The experiment showed a slight superiority to the Random Forest Classifier approach, achieving an accuracy score of 86.486% and an F1 score of 88.889%. Our approach provides a decimal value representing the probability for fire likelihood. Overarchingly, this research contributes to the advancement of forest fire prediction technologies by leveraging meteorological data.

Prior proficiency level matters: The differential impact of erroneous examples in online homework related to decimal number line tasks

AbstractBackgroundThe present study delves into the debate surrounding the effectiveness of homework, focusing specifically on the use of online homework in teaching decimal numbers to 5th and 6th grade primary school students. It highlights the challenges students face in representing and identifying decimal numbers, a concept that is often difficult for 5th and 6th graders to grasp.ObjectivesThe aim to evaluate the effectiveness of online homework in enhancing understanding of decimal numbers and compare the impact of instructional methodologies based on correct and incorrect examples.MethodsThe research employs an experimental design, comparing the effects of online homework with correct and incorrect examples, assessing how these methodologies influence students' ability to understand and use decimal numbers, especially on a number line.ResultsThe results support the overall effectiveness of online homework in improving students' performance in decimal numbers, regardless of their initial level of understanding. Specifically, the study reveals that the type of examples used in homework plays a key role in the effectiveness of learning. Incorrect examples are more beneficial for students with higher prior knowledge, while correct examples are more appropriate for students with lower prior levels.ConclusionsThese outcomes highlight the potential value of online homework in primary education and underline the importance of tailoring educational activities to the individual needs of pupils. The study contributes to the broader conversation about the role of homework in education, suggesting practical ways to optimise online learning experiences for young learners.

SIXTH GRADE STUDENTS' MISCONCEPTIONS ON DECIMAL NUMBERS THROUGH ROUTINE EXERCISE QUESTIONS

Mathematics is an important subject in elementary school because it is the basis for understanding more complex mathematical concepts in the future. One of them is that students need to study number material in basic mathematical concepts because it is very important to master and understand, for example it can be used in commerce, measurement and technology. However, in the field, elementary school students are still found to have misconceptions about understanding the concept of comparing, ordering or calculating decimal numbers. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. The subjects of this research were 4 class VI students at an elementary school in Banyuresmi sub-district, Garut. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and providing routine practice question sheets. The findings in this research are, 1) Some students have difficulty understanding decimal numbers and ordering them as well as performing addition calculation operations, 2) Some students consider decimal numbers with more digits after the comma as larger numbers, 3) There are also students who make mistakes. Storing numbers after commas can cause errors in calculations. So the alternative solution that can be given is that teachers can identify the source of student misconceptions by providing diagnostic tests, using more interactive learning methods, providing case examples from everyday life, providing more and varied exercises, providing continuous feedback. and be constructive towards student answers, and facilitate discussions that focus on problem solving. This will help students understand the concept of decimal numbers more effectively and efficiently.

Introspection of UBNIN and Modified-UBNIN Algorithms for Structural MRI. Reply to Kelly et al. A Comparison of Brain-State Representations of Binary Neuroimaging Connectivity Data. Comment on "Samantaray et al. Unique Brain Network Identification Number for Parkinson's and Healthy Individuals Using Structural MRI. Brain Sci. 2023, 13, 1297".

The purpose of this reply is to address the comments given by Kelly et al. on our original paper "Unique Brain Network Identification Number for Parkinson's and Healthy Individuals using Structural MRI". We agree to the inadvertent rounding pitfall in our original paper due to the non-inclusion of symbolic math toolbox (MATLAB). We now provide the actual ranges (with decimal values) of the UBNIN values of healthy individuals and those with Parkinson's disease and further observations. Upon further introspection, we propose another variant, called Modified-UBNIN (UBNIN-MT,MN) which is highly weighted on the node with the highest network degree (i.e., connections). The italicized sentences within inverted commas are statements from Kelly et al.'s comment paper.

Efficacy of Machine Learning Techniques in Diagnosing Urinary Tract Infections: A Study Utilizing a Philippine Clinical Dataset

This research delves into the potential of machine learning models, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), XGBoost, and LightGBM, to enhance the diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) based on a comprehensive dataset collected from a local clinic in Northern Mindanao, Philippines, spanning from April 2020 to January 2023. The study integrates clinical variables such as age, gender, and various urine test results including color, transparency, and the presence of substances like glucose, protein, and cells, to determine the most accurate diagnostic model. The dataset presented unique preprocessing challenges, such as converting infant ages into decimal numbers. The SVM with a linear kernel showed remarkable test accuracy of 98.25%, indicating its robustness in handling linear separability in the data. Meanwhile, XGBoost and LightGBM, both with optimal hyperparameter configurations, achieved comparable accuracies of 97.95%. These results underscore the significance of machine learning in medical diagnostics, particularly in settings where swift and reliable decision-making is crucial. Our findings suggest that while ensemble methods like XGBoost and LightGBM are powerful tools for complex datasets, a well-tuned SVM can provide superior accuracy, thus advocating for a data-centric approach in model selection.

Along the path of the great Kaprekar: A-function, repunits and their properties

Following the famous Indian mathematician D. Kaprekar, in the paper[5], the author presented a new method for obtaining integers ????(????) = ⅑ (???? − ????(????)) where S(n) is the sum of digits of the number n In decimal notation. This A-function turned out to be related to a remarkable class of numbers the class of integers Rn repunit. In the paper, new properties are found Rn. The properties A-function. It is proved that the set of a-self numbers is infinite and each a-self number has exactly 10 generators. The hypothesis about the distribution of a-self numbers is justified and formulated. The hypothesis about the distribution of the number of chains of «neighboring» a-self numbers is justified and formulated and the complete consistency of the two hypotheses is proved. Formulas for the chains of «neighboring» a-self numbers are found. The multiple relations between the Kaprekar function K(n) and the function introduced by us A(n). We studied and found all solutions of the functional equation A(qn) = qA(n).