Basaveshwara Teaching Research Articles

A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF RISK FACTORS, CLINICAL PRESENTATION, OUTCOME OF ECTOPIC PREGNANCY

Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy refers to a pregnancy where the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, in a location unsuitable for its growth and development. The significance of ectopic pregnancy has increased due to its rising incidence and its impact on female fertility. It continues to be a major challenge in modern gynecology and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among women. Methodology: This study is a retrospective analysis of 40 cases of ectopic pregnancy conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Basaveshwara Teaching and General Hospital, Kalaburagi, over a two-year period. The study examined detailed patient histories to identify risk factors, clinical presentations, and outcomes. Results: Out of 3600 confirmed pregnancies during the study period, 40 were ectopic, resulting in an incidence rate of 70% and 30% in the age group of 21-30 years and 31-40 years respectively. Identifiable risk factors were present in 58% of cases, with 26% having a history of pelvic inflammatory disease, 13.3% with infertility, 15% with a history of abortion, 23% with tubectomy, 3% were smokers, and 46% had a previous cesarean section. Among the patients, 16% were primigravida, 83% were multigravida, and 100% presented with amenorrhea. Additionally, 80% reported abdominal pain, 70% experienced vaginal bleeding, 16% had fainting or syncopal episodes, 56% showed signs of pallor, and 5% were in shock. Conservative treatment was administered to 5% of patients, while 95% underwent exploratory laparotomy, and 90% required blood transfusions. Conculsion: Early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is crucial and necessitates a high degree of clinical suspicion, particularly in cases presenting with amenorrhea, abdominal pain, and vaginal bleeding. The importance of timely diagnosis lies in the potential to offer conservative management, which can positively impact the patients future fertility.

EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR PATIENTS WITH BLUNT ABDOMINAL TRAUMA: A HOSPITAL-BASED STUDY

Introduction:Blunt trauma to the abdomen occurs due to forces that induce shearing, compression, or deceleration injuries, particularly affecting anatomical structures that are relatively immobile. The evaluation of abdominal injuries is challenging and often results in missed diagnoses due to the complexity of symptoms and the difficulty in identifying subtle signs of internal injury. Aims & Objectives:To study the clinical presentation, evaluation, diagnostic investigations, and management strategies for various intra-abdominal organ injuries resulting from blunt trauma to the abdomen. Methods: - Following initial resuscitation and attainment of hemodynamic stability, all blunt abdominal trauma patients underwent meticulous clinical history-taking and comprehensive physical examination. Subsequent management decisions, whether operative or non-operative, were determined based on the integrated findings of clinical assessments and radiological evaluations. Results:Between August 2022 and August 2023, fifty (50) patients with blunt trauma to the abdomen were admitted to Basaveshwara Teaching and General Hospital, Kalaburagi. In this study, males predominated in the 21 to 30-year age group, which represented the most frequent demographic for abdominal blunt trauma. Traffic collisions were identified as the leading cause of abdominal blunt trauma. The spleen emerged as the organ most frequently affected. Of the patients, 28 underwent conservative management, while 22 required surgical intervention. Conclusion:In cases of blunt trauma to the abdomen, the early hours following injury are critically significant and represent a crucial window, often referred to as the golden period of trauma, associated with higher survival rates. Timely intervention andappropriate management during this phase have been shown to significantly decrease morbidity and mortality rates associated with blunt trauma abdomenandappropriate management during this phase have been shown to significantly decrease morbidity and mortality rates associated with blunt trauma abdomen.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT WITH CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT OF CALCANEUM FRACTURES

Background Calcaneal fractures account for approximately 2% of all fractures, with displaced intra-articular fractures comprising 60% to 75% of these injuries1. Studies in fracture patterns, soft-tissue management, and outcomes of calcaneal fractures have led to the debate on the optimal management of calcaneal fractures. Several Prospective randomized studies have shown equivocal outcomes with operative and nonoperative treatment. However, recent trends in the literature suggest that restoration of physiologic parameters of length, height, and alignment of the calcaneus may lead to better long-term results. Initial studies using extensile approaches showed higher rates of wound complications with operative treatment; however, recent studies have shown lower complication rates with sinus tarsi and other minimally invasive techniques. Regardless of the mode of treatment, calcaneal fractures are associated with numerous complications and guarded outcomes with signicant longterm morbidity. Objectives 1. To comparatively study the functional outcome of calcaneum fracture when treated conservatively with that of operative management 2. To study complication when treated conservatively with that of operative management METHODS Study was conducted in Department of Orthopedics, Basaveshwara Teaching and General Hospital, Kalaburagi.30 patients with 30 calcaneum fracture were included in the study. Outcome of conservative and operative management was compared using Creighton Nebrasaka health foundation scoring system. Pre treatment and post treatment (at follow up) Bohler's angle was also compared. Chisquare analysis and paired t test was done to compare the results of conservative and operative management. Restoration of the RESULTS Bohler's angle was better with operative management as compared to conservative management. Functional outcome for type I fractures was better with conservative management. For type II and type III functional outcome was relatively better with operative management for type IV fractures the outcome was signicantly better with operative management. A signicant correlation was seen between the post treatment Bohler's angle and C-N scores. Interpretation & Conclusion Conservative management has better functional outcome for undisplaced fractures. Where as displaced and comminuted fractures anatomical reduction and restoration of Bohler's angle is very important. Bohler's angle has a prognostic importance and correlates well with the functional outcome

STUDY OF METABOLIC SYNDROME AND DIABETES MELLITUS AMONG ISCHEMIC STROKE PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL, NORTHERN KARNATAKA

Introduction: Stroke is significant global health problem and major cause of mortality and morbidity in developed countries and increasingly in low-middle income countries. In 2016, Global Burden of Disease project estimated the number of incident cases of stroke in India to be 1,175,778 and number of deaths due to stroke to be 9.4 million. Metabolic syndrome is known as an independent risk factor of stroke. Objectives: 1. To estimate prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Ischemic stroke patients. 2. To assess the association between metabolic syndrome and Ischemic stroke 3. To assess the association between Diabetes Mellitus type 2 and Ischemic stroke Methods: A observational study was performed on 100 out patients and inpatients admitted in Basaveshwara Teaching and General Hospital attached to Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College Kalaburagi for a period of 1 year. A detailed history was collected from qualifying patients using a pre-designed, structured proforma. Further, general examination and a detailed systemic examination, followed by relevant investigations (FBS: A blood sample is taken after an 8 hour overnight fast., Fasting Lipid Profile) were conducted and the results were noted. Results: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in this study was 58 (58%) of them presented with metabolic syndrome. Higher prevalence was observed in 50-59 years age group 17 (74%) and among males 43 (64.3%). Smoking and diet were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome. Mean values of the components of metabolic syndrome were significantly higher in patients with metabolic syndrome. Prevalence of Diabetes was 73% and among them majority presented with metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Mellitus was significantly associated with stroke. Conclusion: In this study both metabolic syndrome and Diabetes Mellitus were significantly associated with stroke. Hence, they can be used as independent predictors for stroke.

A STUDY OF SERUM CALCIUM AND SERUM ALBUMIN LEVELS IN PREDICTING SEVERITY OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS

Background:Acute Pancreatitis (AP) is an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas that affects other regional tissues and more distant organ system through the systemic inflammatory response , resulting in organ dysfunction and death. Only Minority patients will develop a severe disease , while most patients suffer from a mild ,self limiting inflammatory process.About 10 to 20% of patients will progress to Severe Acute Pancreatitis (SAP) with a mortality rate of 6 to 10 %. Serum calcium and serum albumin obtained within the first 24 hours of hospital admission are useful predictors of severity in Acute Pancreatitis . With an adequate interpretation of their cut-off points, they are valuable for identifying the patients that require intensive care support, even in primary and secondary care centers.So easily availaibilty of these laboratory investigation can be used for early assessment and treatment of severe Acute Pancreatitis(SAP) and therefore helps in reducing mortality due to Acute pancreatitis. we also compared and correlated other scoring system in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of serum calcium and serum albumin levels in predicting severity of acute pancreatitis. Data was collected from 100 inpatients over 18 months admitted to in-patient in Department of general Medicine,Basaveshwara Teaching and General Hospital attached to M.R Medical College, Kalaburgi .Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 26. Results: Total of 100 patients with 87 males and 13 females were enrolled. Among the 100 patients 31 patients developed Severe Acute Pancreatitis (SAP) marked by evidence of end organ failure, local complications like psuedocyst, and /or prolonged ICU stay of more than 7 days and 9 patients died. Among the individual parameters Serum Albumin, Serum calcium, Corrected serum calcium including TC (Total cell count), Serum Urea, ,Serum creatinine , Pao2 ,Serum LDH showed a significant association with severity of acute pancreatitis . APACHE II systems had a sensitivity of 71.10% and specificity of 96.67 % in predicting severity.Sensitivity and specificity of Ransons score was 77.42% and 96.56% respectively. BISAP score had a low sensitivity of 61.67% and high specificity 98.33% . Conclusion:APACHE II score and Ransons score are the best scoring systems in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis. Parameters like Hypoalbuminemia, Hypocalcemia including Hypoxia,uremia, Acute renal failure, leukocytosis, and increase in serum LDH levels weresignificantly associated with Severe Acute Pancreatitis(SAP).

A Postmortem Study of Pattern and Distribution of Intracranial Haemorrhages in Fatal Head Injuries Following Road Traffic Accidents in Basaveshwara Teaching and General Hospital, Gulbarga

Background: The present study was conducted to know, pattern and distribution of intracranial haemorrhage in fatal head injuries in RTAs along with victim’s age and sex and survival period. In addition, an attempt was also made to know the cause of death.Methodology: The present study was both retrospective and prospective study. The study material comprised of 75 victims of RTA cases, who were admitted and died in Basaveshwara teaching and general Hospital, MRMC, Gulbarga and subsequently autopsied, during the 3 year period from May 2011 to April 2014.Results: In this study, males outnumbered females in the ratio 2.9:1. Age group most commonly involved was 21 – 30 years (24%). Most of the victims died < 24 hours following accident (58.66%). Most common victims involved were motor cycle occupants (37.33%). Intracranial haemorrhage was present in maximum number of victims (58.67%), followed by lung injuries (33.33%). Subdural haemorrhage was seen in majority of cases (38.67%). Intracranial injuries alone were responsible for death in 57.33% followed by hemorrhagic shock in 36%.).Conclusion: RTA’s are the penalty paid by us for rapid transportation and have become the commonest cause of unnatural deaths. The rise in the number of fast moving vehicles, semi-skilled drivers, drunken drivers, congested and ill-maintained roads has led to the increase in the number of RTA’s. Intracranial injury was the most common finding in the study. It was observed that in majority of cases, intracranial injury contributed either directly or indirectly to death especially with skull fracture. Hence stricter implementation of traffic rules and promotion of road safety measures by the concerned authority viz. the use of helmets and seatbelts, avoidance of over speeding, using footpaths, etc. is the need of the hour. It also highlights the need of emergency trauma services at site of the occurrence for reducing morbidity and mortality in such cases

A study on patients behavior towards product information leaflets at basaveshwar teaching and general hospital

Background: Product information leaflets are available for most prescription medicines and many non-prescription medicines. Materials and Method: A prospective and observational study was conducted at Basaveshwara teaching and general hospital with an aim to determine how many patients see, read and retain the PIL. Results: A total of About 216 patients visiting the out-patient departments were enrolled in the study. The study results showed that among 216 patients, 195(90.28%) patients completed the study. More number of patients 79(40.15%) belonged to old age, followed by Public servant& housewife 46(23.58%) followed by agricultre 12(6.15%) followed by student, business& others 4(2.05%). 142(72.82%) of patients were counseled in Kannada, 35(17.94%) patients in Hindi & 18(9.23%) patients in English. As Kalburgi is a multilingual city majority of the people speak Kannada and Hindi. The 195 patients were dispensed a total of 341 Medicines. For 26 items (7.63 per cent), there was no manufacturer's leaflet available for the pharmacist to supply with the medicine. 195 patients received at least one medicine with a leaflet. The leaflet was said to have been just noticed by 134 patients (68%). About 42 patients (21%) said they had read some part of the leaflet and 19 (9%) patients reported that they had read the leaflet completely. Conclusion: This study concluded that there is a need to improve the format, content and language of the package inserts in India. Pharmacist intervention is needed to improve patients reading habits for pils.Tighter monitoring of the inserts by regulatory bodies can help to enforce ideal labeling practices.

Study of transfusion transmissible infections in donors in a tertiary care hospital in North Karnataka region

Study of transfusion transmissible infections in donors in a tertiary care hospital in North Karnataka region - JDPO- Print ISSN No: - 2581-3714 Online ISSN No:- 2581-3706 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.jdpo.2019.058, IP Journal of Diagnostic Pathology and Oncology-IP J Diagn Pathol Oncol

Clinico-epidemiological study of role of patch test in hand eczema

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Hand eczema is a common distressing condition in different occupational groups caused by various endogenous and exogenous factors. It appears to be the most common occupational skin disease, comprising 80% or more of all occupational contact dermatitis. Patch test at present is the only scientific method to diagnose the contact allergen and in subsequent management of patient.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> An observational study of patch test was conducted on 100 patients of hand eczema in the department of DVL, Basaveshwara Teaching and General Hospital, Kalaburagi. After detailed history and complete examination, patch testing was done using Indian Standard Series and graded by International Contact Dermatitis Research Group criteria at 48 hours and 72 hours.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 100 patients, there were 28 females and 72 males. The commonest age group seen was 20-40 years followed by 40-60 years. Commonest sensitizers were to potassium dichromate (34%) followed by nickel (18.7%), Parthenium (12.5%), PPD (7.8%), other (26%). Out of 64 patients who were positive, 82.8% were positive to single allergen, 10% to two allergens and 6.2% to multiple allergens.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Patch test is considered as gold standard method for diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis and thus preventing the morbidity of repeated episodes of eczema.</p>

Study of ophthalmic manifestations in tubercular meningitis patients

Abstract Introduction: Ophthalmic complications are very common in tuberculous meningitis (TBM) patients, understanding the ocular problems in tubercular meningitis patients is very important for ophthalmologists to intervene on time to prevent irreversible damage to eye. Hence this investigation has been undertaken to study ophthalmic manifestations in suspected tubercular meningitis patients in both Pediatric and adult population in Basaveshwara teaching and general hospital, Kalaburagi attached to Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College (MRMC). Materials and Mathods: The study was conducted at Basaveshwara Teaching and General Hospital, Kalaburagi attached to M.R. Medical College, from Dec 2011 to May 2013. 100 admitted patients diagnosed with TB meningitis, were selected for the study. The patients were divided into 2 groups. Group A consisted of TBM patients who were conscious and cooperative for ophthalmic examination. Group B consisted of TBM patients who were in a state of coma, uncooperative for ophthalmic evaluation. Results: Out of the 100 patients, 64% had ocular findings. In our study 22% had cranial nerve palsy. Fundus changes were seen in 50% of the patients. Around 22% patients had visual acuity, CSF protein content was considerably high in all patients. Hydrocephalous was seen in 31% (20) patients. Conclusion: In our study it was observed that most of TBM patients had ocular findings, CSF protein was found in many patients and after treatment there was improvement in ocular problems. We suggest further research with larger sample size to support our findings. Keywords: Meningitis, Tuberculosis, Ophthalmic manifestations. Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is still increasing in India at an alarming rate. The most serious form of tuberculosis is tubercular meningitis (TBM). [1] TBM causes many complications in both children and adult patients. The close association between optic nerve and meninges produces many ocular

Drug utilization study of antibiotics in infectious diseases in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Infectious diseases represent a major cause of mortality and morbidity in India. Irrational use of antibiotics can cause increase adverse drug reaction, leading to antibiotic resistance and increase in the treatment cost. Hence pattern of use of antibiotics need to be studied, therefore the aim of our study is to observe the antibiotics prescription pattern and drug utilization in department of medicine indoor patients at our tertiary care hospital.Methods: This was a prospective observational study carried out among indoor patients admitted in medicine ward and was conducted between January 2018 to March 2018 in Basaveshwara Teaching and General Hospital attached to M.R. Medical College, Kalaburagi. The data that was obtained was analysed and presented as percentages using descriptive statistics.Results: 100 patients were enrolled. The main reasons for admission were for diagnosis of respiratory tract infection (36%), GIT disorders (24%), Zoonotic disease (10%), Urinary tract infection (19%) and viral fever (11%). Most common antibiotic prescribed was ceftriaxone (40%), followed by piperacillin (26%). Average number of antibiotics per prescription was 1.7.Conclusions: For a wide spectrum of clinical diagnoses variety of drugs were utilized from various drug classes. Results showed that Cephalosporin was extensively used. As antibiotics are most commonly prescribed drugs and report of misuse is not uncommon so proper strategy like educational intervention and antibiotic policy are necessary to control this.

Fuctional outcome of primary total hip replacement in osteoarthritis of HIP

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is the most common disorder associated with severe hip pain and disability in adult and elderly population. Total hip replacement (THR) has been termed as “the operation of the century” as it has revolutionised management of elderly patients crippled with arthritis, with very good long term results. Replacement of damaged cartilage surfaces with various artificial bearing materials has enabled surgeons to improve function and relieve pain in vast majority of patients [1]. At present THR is most commonly performed adult reconstructive hip procedure. The intend of the study was to evaluate the clinical as well as functional outcome of primary total hip replacement using modified harris hip score. All the patients were operated using posterior moore’s approach which is commonly employed in our institution.Materials and Methods: A prospective study of 20 hips (20 patients) with primary or secondary osteoarthritis above the age of 30 years managed by both cemented and uncemented total hip replacement at basaveshwara teaching and general hospital attached to M.R Medical college kalaburagi from June 2016 to May 2018 were studied. Patient follow up was for a minimum period of 6 months.Results: Patients were evaluated both functionally and radiologically. Functional evaluation with Modified Harris hip score showed excellent results in 12 hips, good in 6 hips, fair in 2 hips. We had complications in 3 patients, superficial infection in 1 patient and posterior dislocation in 2 patients. No poor results were noted. Radiological evaluation at the latest follow up of all cases showed no signs of aseptic loosening or implants failure.Conclusion: Our study suggests that primary total hip replacement provides excellent functional outcome in osteoarthritis of hip. Though the study was not free of complications, the overall functional outcome showed good results and thus it confirmed the proven efficacy of total hip replacement in treatment of osteoarthritis.

Functional outcome of comminuted inter trochanteric fractures of femur treated using cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients: A prospective study

Introduction: The management of comminuted inter trochanteric fractures of femur in elderly patients is tricky as there is challenge of difficult anatomical reduction in osteoporotic bones, need for prolonged immobilization after surgery and more chances of screw cut out in poor quality bone. Prolonged immobilization will leads into complications like bed sores, chest infections, deep vein thrombosis, dependency and psycho social side effects, increasing the both morbidity and mortality. The aim of our study was to evaluate the functional outcome of cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty in comminuted inter trochanteric fractures of femur in elderly patients using Harris Hip Score. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted at Basaveshwara Teaching And General Hospital attached to M R Medical college, Kalaburagi. Twenty elderly patients with age above sixty years having comminuted inter trochanteric fractures of femur treated by using cemented bipolar hemi arthroplasty from june 2016 to may 2018 were evaluated for functional outcome using Harris Hip Score. Results: There were 12 female and 8 male patients with mean age of 71.29(60 -84) years treated by cemented bipolar hemiarthroplaty. The average surgery time was 96.34 min (64- 125min), the average intraoperative blood loss was 355ml and average stay in hospital was for 14.5 days. Patients were followed up at 6 weeks, 3months, 6 month and 1 year. At one year follow up with help of Harris Hip Score 8 patients (40%) were graded as excellent, 10 patients (50%) as good and 2 patients (10%) as fair. Conclusion: The procedure offered rapid mobilization, early return to pre injury level and gave a lasting solution to elderly patients with comminuted inter trochanteric fractures of femur.

Assessment of Nutritional Supplements Prescribed in Pregnant Women and Pediatric Patients in Basaveshwara Teaching and General Hospital

Rational use of nutritional supplements is extremely important for better survival of the patient, especially in children where poor nutritional status will cause many co-morbid conditions with an increased risk of death. About 35% of under-five space deaths in the world are associated with malnutrition. Nutrition also place a major role in maternal health poor maternal nutritional status has been related to adverse birth outcomes [1]. The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional supplements prescribed in pregnant women and pediatric patients. A six month hospital based prospective observational study was carried out in the department of pediatric and gynecology at BTGH, Gulbarga. The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional supplements prescribed in pregnant women and pediatric patients at the respective departments. The data was collected in a specially designed data collection form, from the case sheet of inpatient of pediatric department and outpatient of gynecology department enrolled into the study [2]. The study result shows that out of 75 patients in pediatric department, 41 (54.66%) were females and 34(45.33%) were males, malnutrition is more prevalent in toddlers (1-5 years) i.e. 48 patients (64%) when compared to neonates (up to 1 month) 02(2.66%), infants (1month-1year) 20(26.66%), children (5-14years), 5(6.66%).the educational status of their parents 27(36.00%) were grade 0 followed by 19(25.33%) were belonged to grade 1,6(8%) belonged to grade 2,11(14.66%) belonged to grade 3 and 10(13,33%) belonged to grade 4. Out of 75 patients grade 2 PEM 33(44%) is more when compared to grade 1 PEM 7(9.33%), grade 3 PEM 19(25.33%) and grade 4 PEM 16(21.33%). 57 patients were improved 14 patient were discharged under request, 4 patient were referred and 00 deaths are reported [3]. The majority of supplements were administered orally (75%) followed by parenteral route 25% various types of nutrients are prescribed in pediatrics majority including multi vitamin, elemental iron +folic acid, vit A, vit C, zinc acetate, calcium carbonate+vitD3, electrolytes. the majority of prescription were with brand name (73.33%) followed by generic name (26.66%) among the associated co-morbidity conditions with malnutrition bronchopneumonia (13.33%) followed by severe anemia (10.66%), nutritional anemia (12%), acute gastroenteritis (9.33%),pulmonary TB (6.66%) and others [4]. [Table 1-5] Out of 100 pregnant women 50(25%) are of second trimester, 25(25%) are of first trimester, 25(25%) are of third trimester the majority of prescription were with brand name (72%) followed by generic name (28%). Majority of the supplements were administered orally (90%) when compared to parenteral administration (10%). The nutrients prescribed for pregnant women include T.doxinate plus for 47 patients, T.livogen Z (68 patients), T.mecalvit (65 patients), T.orofer XT (19 patients), cap. Becosule (23 patients), protein powder (25 patients), T.folvite (7 patients) [5]. [Table 6-9] The economic and literacy status of the households are the main factors causing nutritional imbalances in children. The number of cases reported concluded the shortage of nutrients to this region and unawareness in pregnant women [6].

A Study of Pattern of Road Traffic Accident Cases—A Research Paper

The aim of our study was to characterize the cases of RTA (Road Traffic Accident) admitted to the Basaveshwara Teaching & General Hospital (BTGH), M. R. Medical College, Kalaburagi. This is prospective study conducted at mortuary of Basaveshwara Teaching and General Hospital, Kalaburagi, Karnataka between November 2013 to August 2015, which included 48 cases of RTA. Out of 48 cases of RTA, (77.08%) cases were males and (22.92%) cases were females. Majority of the victims (54.17%) who died due to road traffic injuries were a motor cycle (two-wheeler) occupants. Most common offending vehicle involved in road traffic accidents was heavy motor vehicle (41.67%) cases. Most common body region involved was head and neck in (43.75%) cases. In majority of cases (45.83%) cause of death was due to head injury.

Clinical study of hernia in females

Background: Abdominal wall hernia is the most commonly encountered clinical problem in the surgical setting and also the incidence of various types of hernias are known to have gender variations. This study was done to analyse the pattern of different types of hernia and their incidence in female patients.Methods: This was a retrospective study done at Basaveshwara Teaching and General Hospital, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India from January 2012 to December 2014. All the female patients who presented with different types of hernia like inguinal, umbilical, ventral, congenital and diaphragmatic hernias irrespective of the age have been included in the study from January 2012 to December 2014.Results: In this study total of 87 cases of different types of hernias were studied including ventral, inguinal, umbilical and diaphragmatic hernias. Among which ventral hernias were the most common including 42 cases and among them one case presented as obstructed hernia and the most common age of incidence was 31-40 years. The next most common presentation was inguinal hernia with total of 29 cases and the paediatric age group (0-10 years) was the most common presentation. The next common hernia was umbilical hernia and the most common age of presentation was 21-40 years. The least common presentation was that of diaphragmatic hernia with only 4 cases, age of the patients being 60 and above.Conclusions: In present study, most commonly encountered hernia was ventral hernia followed by inguinal, then umbilical and lastly diaphragmatic hernias.

A Prospective Study to Ascertain the Profile of Unnatural Deaths at Basaveshwara Teaching and General Hospital Mortuary, Gulbarga (Kalaburagi)-A Research Paper

A Prospective Study to Ascertain the Profile of Unnatural Deaths at Basaveshwara Teaching and General Hospital Mortuary, Gulbarga (Kalaburagi)-A Research Paper

Study of Risk Factors for Foot Ulceration in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Special Reference to HBA1C

Background And Objectives:India, one of the largest countries in the Southeast Asian region, has more than 67 million people with diabetes. With an aging population and the increase in prevalence of DM in the younger age group, the secondary complications are common. Foot problems in diabetes needs increasing attention in view of the fact that they account for 85% of the non- traumatic lower extremity amputations and cause significant morbidity and mortality. The aim is to study the risk factors for foot ulceration in type 2 DM patients in Basaveshwara Teaching & General Hospital (BTGH), Gulbarga. and to educate patients with risk factors regarding foot care. Methods:A total of 50 type 2 DM patients from Basaveshwara Teaching & General Hospital (BTGH), Gulbarga over a period of 1 year formed the study population. Detailed clinical examination including of the feet was done. Risk factors were assessed by l0g/5.07 monofilament and ABI (ankle brachial index) for peripheral sensory neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease respectively . Glycemic control was assessed by HBA1c. Results:The prevalence of neuropathy, PVD, foot deformities are 48.0%, 16.0%, 18.0% respectively. 6.0% had a history of previous ulcer or amputation. 64.0% are unaware that diabetes can cause foot problems and 56.0% of the study population walk bare foot. Statistically significant association (P<0.05) was found between increasing duration of diabetes, worsening glycemic control, increasing age and the prevalence of neuropathy, PVD and foot deformities. Interpretation And Conclusion :Use of simple screening techniques such as monofilament testing and ABI can help in identifying the foot at risk. Patient education, glycemic control, and regular foot examination by a trained health professional can prevent the occurrence of foot ulcers and amputations.

A Prospective Study of Poisoning Cases in Basaveshwara Teaching &amp; General Hospital, Kalaburagi

he aim of our study was to characterize the poisoning cases admitted to the Basaveshwara Teaching & General Hospital (BTGH), M. R. Medical College, Gulbarga. This is prospective study conducted at mortuary of Basaveshwara Teaching and General Hospital, Gulbarga, Karnataka between June 2013 to October 2015, which included 50 deaths due to poisoning. In our study we conclude that, male 62% were more commonly involved than females 38%. Majority of persons belongs to young age group (21-30 years) 64%. Married persons 76% were most commonly involved. Farmers 64% were the commonest victims. Most victims were from rural background 78%. Organo-Posphorus compound is common poison which leads to mortality of majority of persons 78%. Language: en

The Spectrum of Burns Cases in Basaveshwara Teaching &amp; General Hospital, Kalaburagi, Karnataka

In the present study the cases of deaths due to burns admitted to the Basaveshwara Teaching & General Hospital (BTGH), M. R. Medical College, Kalaburagi were studied. This is prospective study conducted at mortuary of Basaveshwara Teaching and General Hospital, Kalaburagi, Karnataka between October 2013 to September 2015, which included 75 cases of deaths due to burns. Out of 75 cases of burns, (64%) cases were females and (36%) cases were males. Maximum number of victims (33.33%) was in the age group of 21–30 years. Majority of cases (89.33%) was due to dry heat (flame). Most of the victims (53.33%) sustained more than 80% burns. Maximum number of cases (73.33%) cases had dermo-epidermal burns. In majority of cases (69.33%) cause of death was due to septicaemia.