Basalt Fiber Reinforced Plastic Research Articles

Behaviors of arched tunneling segments reinforced by basalt fiber reinforced plastic rebars

AbstractIn this research, basalt fiber reinforced plastic (BFRP) rebars reinforced tunneling segment (BRRTS) technique was developed. All the BFRP rebars were designed, pre‐cured according to the reinforcement design and the reinforcement drawing of steel rebars reinforced concrete tunneling segments (SRRTSs). Two criteria, the equal reinforcement ratio criterion (ERRC) and the half stiffness principle (HSP), were applied to design the BRRTs. Bending experiments were performed to reveal the deformation, damage and load carrying capacity of the BRRTSs. With flexural‐shearing coupling failure mode, the BRRTS has longer elastoplastic deformation and comparable (ERRC) or much greater (HSP) load carrying capacity compared with traditional SRRTS, indicating that the BRRTS can replace the SRRTS in some cases.Highlights BFRP rebars reinforced tunneling segment was designed, constructed, and tested. BFRP rebars reinforced tunneling segment has long ductile deformation. BFRP rebars reinforced tunneling segment has higher load‐bearing capacity. Utilization efficiency of BFRP rebars varies from 0.565 to 0.646.

Experimental Investigation into the Flexural Behaviour of Basalt FRP Reinforced Concrete Beams

This study involved conducting four-point bending tests on three types of rebar-reinforced concrete beam: those reinforced with steel bars, those reinforced using basalt fiber-reinforced polymer rods, and hybrid reinforced concrete beams that used both Basalt fiber-reinforced plastic and reinforcing steel. Various reinforcement ratios and configurations were used to analyze mid-span deflection, flexural capacity, fracture distribution, and Basalt FRP bars strain. The results suggest that using a hybrid reinforcement system that combines Basalt fiber-reinforced plastic and reinforcing steel can improve the transverse rupture strength of rebar-reinforced concrete beam, reduce deflection and cracking, and use the high-strength characteristics of Basalt FRP bars.

Study on the anchoring performance and failure mechanism of basalt/glass hybrid fiber reinforced plastic anchors in coupled environment

AbstractTo investigate the real anchorage performance of basalt and glass hybrid fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) anchors in external corrosive environments. In this paper, a combination of experimental studies and finite element analysis was used. By carrying out pull‐out tests of basalt and glass hybrid FRP anchors under the synergistic effect of freeze–thaw cycles and alkaline environment, the effects of factors such as hole diameter, anchorage length, and mortar strength on their anchorage performance and durability were investigated. Critical corrosion time was introduced to determine the degree of corrosion of the anchor rods. After that, it combined with numerical simulation to reveal the degradation mechanism of the anchorage performance of hybrid anchors. The results showed that the best anchorage performance of basalt/glass hybrid FRP anchors was achieved when the hole diameter was 24 mm, the anchorage length was 175 mm, and the mortar strength was 45.5 MPa. The ultimate pull‐out load was up to 122.16 kN. When the time did not exceed the critical corrosion time, the ultimate load‐carrying capacity of basalt and glass hybrid FRP anchors increased by 9.3% compared to the uncorroded environment. Beyond the critical corrosion time, the ultimate load‐carrying capacity was reduced by 23.3% and the anchorage performance was degraded. In addition, the contact interface between the anchor and the mortar is the weak area of the anchoring structure, which should be focused on in the later design of the actual project.Highlights Basalt/glass hybrid FRP anchors have good corrosion resistance. The anchoring performance of hybrid FRP anchors under the coupled environment is studied. Hole diameter and anchoring length have more influence on the anchor performance. The concept of critical corrosion time is put forward. The failure mechanism and coupling environment influence are revealed by FES.

Blast responses of BFRP-bar reinforced AAC panels

Basalt fiber reinforced plastic (BFRP) bars can replace steel bars in concrete protective structures because of their advantages of corrosion resistance and high load-bearing capacity. In this paper, the BFRP-bar reinforced autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) panels (BFRP-AACPs) were designed and prepared. Based on close-in explosion experiments, the dynamic responses and failure modes of the BFRP-AACPs were revealed. Through the quasi-static three-point bending experiment, the residual load capacity of each BFRP-AACP was evaluated, which can quantitatively reveal the damage degree of the BFRP-AACP after explosion. Calculated by the equivalent static load method, the critical scaled distance of the designed panel is 2.08 m/kg1/3, which provides a design basis for the application of the BFRP-AACP.

Influence of BFRP Mesh on UHPC Wet Bonding Performance

As an effective method of strengthening concrete in the marine environment, wet bonding has maintained an efficient application mode for many years. At present, research on the wet bonding behavior of UHPC is very rare, so in order to investigate the interfacial bonding performance between basalt fiber-reinforced plastic (BFRP) mesh cloth and ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) under wet bonding conditions, forty-eight BFRP-UHPC specimens were carried out to investigate the influence of dry/wet bonding type, mesh depth, and mesh thickness on the interfacial bonding performance between BFRP and UHPC, and the failure mechanism of the BFRP-UHPC interface was revealed by SEM detection. The test results show that the interfacial wet bonding performance between BFRP and UHPC is better than that of the dry bonding process. With the increasing thickness of BFRP mesh, the interfacial bonding stress of dry and wet bonding shows the opposite trend, respectively. The fiber interlayer structure is the weak link of BFRP; with the increase in mesh depth, the bonding normal stress decreases gradually. When the mesh depth of wet-bonded BFRP is 5 mm, the reinforcement effect is the best, the maximum increase of interfacial bonding stress is 74%, and the tensile strength ratio is as high as 1.74. Compared with the traditional FRP reinforced construction without fiber mesh, the BFRP mesh structure can greatly improve the wet bonding performance, which can provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the design and construction of UHPC wet bonded with BFRP reinforcement engineering. Due to the form and distribution direction of steel fiber, a mechanical occluding effect will be generated at the BFRP mesh, so these two factors are very valuable for this wet bonding research field, for which the related work needs to further proceed.

Experimental and simulation study on stiffness of basalt fiber-reinforced plastic door interior trimming panel

Experimental and simulation study on stiffness of basalt fiber-reinforced plastic door interior trimming panel

Torsional behavior of BFRP bars reinforced engineered cementitious composites beams without stirrup

Engineered cementitious composites (ECC) is characterized by high tensile strain capacity and tight crack width control. The combination of ECC and fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) bars is expected to have better mechanical performance. This study aims to investigate the torsional behaviors of basalt FRP (BFRP) bars reinforced ECC beams without stirrup. Seven beams with different fiber contents and water to binder ratios were prepared and tested under pure torsion. BFRP bars reinforced ECC beams without stirrup and plain ECC beam exhibit a maximum crack width of less than 0.4 mm at service state, which meets the requirements of the corresponding codes for crack width. The ECC beams possess high ultimate torque and superior ductility performance as compared with reference beam with longitudinal bars and stirrups. It is noteworthy that minimum stirrup ratio may be not necessary in the torsional design of BFRP bars reinforced ECC beams. Moreover, an empirical formula is proposed for predicting the ultimate torque. The predicted values are consistent with the experimental results, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed formula. This study provides a helpful reference for the torsional design of BFRP bars reinforced ECC beams without stirrup.

Thermal properties of novel sandwich roof panel made of basalt fiber reinforced plastic material

The design of roof panels faces practical challenges, such as thermal property requirements. In this study, following the function-integrated design concept, a novel Basalt Fiber Reinforced Plastic (BFRP) sandwich roof panel is presented. A series of experiments, together with theoretical and numerical analysis are performed to investigate their thermal performance as roof panels. The main works and results are: (i) According to Calibration Hot Box (CHB) results, for BFPR panel with 70 mm thickness, the heat transfer coefficients of 3 specimens infilled with XPS, PU or Rock wool are 0.55 W·m-2·K-1, 0.40 W·m-2·K-1 and 0.60 W·m-2·K-1 respectively, which well match with theoretical and numerical results. (ii) Analytical model and Finite element (FE) method are used to calculate heat transfer coefficients of BFPR panels with five different thickness (60 mm,70 mm,80 mm,90 mm, 100 mm), which offer choice to adapt to thermal property requirements for different thermal regions defined by the code. (iii)Comparing with some newly developed SIPs in literatures, BFRP STPs have better thermal performance than plywood-faced sandwich and bamboo-wood based shear walls with similar thickness. (iv)According to temperature distribution pattern on BFRP panel surface, thermal bridge was seen occurring at the edge of BFPR square tubes. However, by steady-state analysis, heat flow passing by edge of BFRP square tubes occupies 5.82%–10.17% of that of the total section. The main contributions of this paper thus lie in three aspects: (1) Proposing a novel structural insulated panels (SIPs), utilizing BFPR as face and rib for sandwich structure, and isolation materials as core materials, which are specially designed and manufactured as building roof panels; (2) Thermal properties of the BFRP SIPs are systematically studied, which shows BFRP SIPs have excellent thermal properties with low heat transfer coefficient and thermal bridge effect. (3) Effect of thickness on thermal conductivity is investigated by numerical simulation, and proper thickness of BFRP SIPs are recommended to meet the thermal property requirements for different thermal regions in the code.

MODIFICATION OF PROPERTIES OF BASALT FIBER-REINFORCED PLASTIC DURING MOISTURE DIFFUSION AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

Three batches of unidirectional basalt fiber-reinforced plastic were fabricated as plates, and continued tests were performed under load at room temperature and in a closed desiccator at a 99 % moisture for 365 days. The moisture absorption of the unconstrained specimens in the desiccator was not above 0.20 – 0.23 %. The residual mechanical properties of the specimens that had been held in the desiccator for 365 days were measured after being dried, and the ultimate strain was found to increase by 10 – 15 %, the elastic modulus by 14 – 21 %, the strength by 19 – 21 %, and the glass transition temperature by 5 – 8 °С.

Effects of BFRP Bar Diameter and Cover Thickness on Fracture Behavior of BFRP Bar–Reinforced Ecological High-Ductility Cementitious Composites

Abstract To obtain the design parameters of bridge deck link slabs made of ecological high-ductility cementitious composite (Eco-HDCC) material reinforced with a basalt fiber-reinforced plastic (BFRP) by applying fracture mechanics concepts, the reinforcing effects of a BFRP bar on the fracture properties of BFRP bar–reinforced Eco-HDCC specimens were studied. First, cracking load, crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD), and deflection of specimens were monitored, and BFRP bar diameter and cover thickness were considered. The results indicate that both the diameter and cover thickness of BFRP bar have an obvious influence on the crack kinking angle. In addition, as the diameter of BFRP bar increases, the peak load, peak CMOD, peak deflection, and fracture energy of Eco-HDCC specimens increase, and these peak values of Eco-HDCC specimens after reloading also show the same trend. In addition, the peak load, peak CMOD, peak deflection, and fracture energy are larger if the Eco-HDCC specimen has a smaller cover thickness. However, the Eco-HDCC specimen with a BFRP bar cover thickness of 25 mm has a higher peak load after reloading than the specimen with a cover thickness of 15 mm when the bar diameters are 10 and 12 mm, respectively. In conclusion, BFRP bar diameters from 10 to 14 mm and a cover thickness of 25 mm are recommended when designing bridge deck link slabs.

Dynamic response and fracture analysis of basalt fiber reinforced plastics and aluminum alloys adhesive joints

Recently, the use of environmentally friendly natural fibers as reinforcement materials has attracted much attention to achieve lightweight structures. Basalt fiber reinforced plastic (BFRP) was widely used as an alternative material with low price and excellent performance. In this study, the effects of loading rates and different material properties on mechanical properties and fracture behavior of BFRP and aluminum (Al) single-lap adhesive joints were investigated. The fracture processes and strain evolution were recorded and analyzed by high speed camera and digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The microscopic appearance of fracture surface was also investigated to explore the effects of loading rates and material types on the failure modes. Results showed that all specimens were sensitive to loading rates. The average peak load increased by 50% at the speed of 5 m/s compared with quasi-static condition of 2 mm/min and BFRP/BFRP joints had higher strength than BFRP/Al joints. The stiffness of adherends influenced the failure behavior of the joints. Adhesive failure occurred at the edge of the substrate with large plastic deformation and the ratio decreased with the loading rates increasing. Fiber tear occurred in all BFRP adherends because of the increase in loading speed and the poor bonding between basalt fibers and matrix. Meanwhile, there was a corresponding relationship between the loading rates and the change of failure mode and stress distribution.

Comparison of Different Parameters to Evaluate Delamination in Edge Trimming of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Plastics (BFRP).

Delamination is one of the main problems that occur when machining fiber-reinforced composite materials. In this work, Types I and II of delamination are studied separately in edge trimming of basalt fiber reinforced plastic (BFRP). For this purpose, one-dimensional and area delamination parameters are defined. One-dimensional parameters (Wa and Wb) allow to know average fibers length while the analysis of area delamination parameters (Sd) allow to evaluate delamination density. To study delamination, different tests are carried out modifying cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed per tooth and depth of cut) and material characteristics (fiber volume fraction and fiber orientation). Laminates with a lower fiber volume fraction do not present delamination. Attending to one-dimensional parameters it can be concluded that Type II delamination is more important than Type I and that a high depth of cut generates higher values of delamination parameters. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) is performed to study area parameters. Although delamination has a random nature, for each depth of cut, more influence variables in area delamination are firstly, feed per tooth and secondly, cutting speed.

Basalt Reinforced Plastic - Development and Modeling of Part

Basalt fibers are increasingly emerging as reinforcement of composite materials. Their use is purely technical, depending on the properties of the basalt fibers: thermal, chemical and electrical resistance, good mechanical properties and low environmental impact. Basalt fibers reinforced plastics penetrate to automotive, aerospace, building construction and building reparation, industrial applications, oil industry and sport tools. The topic of the paper is to find out the mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced plastic (BFRP) and to create a model of split pin that is originally made of steel. Basalt woven fabric was selected for this experiment. Two weave - plain and twill was available. Tensile strength test was made in three basic directions: 0°, 90° and 45°. Epoxy resin was used for production composite plates with one layer basalt reinforcement. Tensile strength test of composite plates provided input parameters for numerical model of small composite part - split pin. Real composite split pin will produced according to modeling properties. Weight decrease was supposed, this assumption was confirmed.

Parametric Analysis during Laser Cutting of Basalt – Glass Hybrid Composite

In the present work, basalt and glass layered hybrid composite has been fabricated and thereafter its various mechanical properties have been tested. It has been observed that this hybrid fiber composite has better mechanical properties as compared to basalt fiber reinforced plastic (BFRP) and glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP). Conventional machining methods have various limitations viz. fiber pullout, burr formation, etc., which results in poor cut surface quality and degraded mechanical performance. Laser beam machining can be one of the alternatives because it requires low specific energy and supports non-contact machining. However, in order to achieve better cut quality with high precision and accuracy during laser beam machining, selection of favourable range and levels of cutting parameters is quite pertinent. In the present study, Response surface methodology has been used to develop the mathematical models of kerf deviations in terms of input cutting viz. lamp current, pulse frequency, cutting speed, pulse width and compressed air pressure. Well correlation between the predicted and experimental values validates the proposed methodology of ascertaining favourable process parameters during laser machining of basalt – glass hybrid composite. Validation experimental results shows the lowest Top Kerf Deviation (TKD) and Bottom Kerf Deviation (BKD) have been achieved.

Blast responses of one-way sea-sand seawater concrete slabs reinforced with BFRP bars

Avoiding steel corrosion in seawater sea-sand concrete (SSC) members, basalt fiber reinforced plastic (BFRP) bars behaving as reinforcement have advantages in coastal civil engineering and protective structures. One-way BFRP-bar reinforced SSC slabs (BRSSs) were designed to investigate their mechanical responses under static loads and close-in explosions. The SSC blocks have comparable quasi-static compressive strength with plain concrete blocks. The BRSSs have comparable quasi-static flexural strength and identical failure mode with the BFRP bars reinforced plain-concrete slabs (BRPSs). Under close-in explosions, the BRSSs have comparable blast resistance and similar failure modes with the BRPSs. Together with the excellent anti-corrosion ability, the BRSS is an ideal selection for costal protective structures.

Influence of nanoparticle dispersibility on hygrothermal properties of HNT-GFRP/BFRP nanocomposites

In the nanocomposite, the dispersion and bonding properties of the nanoparticles at the interfaces were major factors that were related to the physical properties of the final product. Nanoparticle aggregation mainly occurs in the dispersion process between nanoparticles and a polymer. In addition, re-aggregation phenomenon generates by large amounts of pores during curing process. In this case, it was necessary to break the physical bonds, such as the attraction between the initial nanoparticles, and achieve a smooth chemical bonding with the polymer. In this study, the effect of halloysite nanotube (HNT) dispersion on the interfacial bonding was compared and analyzed in [Formula: see text] high temperature water environment over 30 days by adding 0.5 wt.% HNT to glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) and basalt fiber reinforced plastic (BFRP). As a result, the HNT contributed to disturbing the moisture absorption rate. It has great effect on thinner lamination part. Moreover, the thicker the lamination, the less the HNT re-aggregation occurred on the curing process. This phenomenon showed a uniform dispersion in the entire laminate area. The weight recovery rate by moisture absorption was high in the HNT-glass fiber (GF), because structural relationship between HNT and GF are larger than in epoxy resin.

Experimental study on the mechanical behavior of BFRP-bamboo composite beam

This article proposes a basalt fiber-reinforced plastic–bamboo (BFRP-bamboo) composite beam consisting of BFRP sheet and laminated bamboo, aiming at fully utilizing advantages of bamboo and BFRP to improve the mechanical behavior of the laminated bamboo beam. A two-step test program is involved: (1) double shear test for bonding behavior between the BFRP and laminated bamboo and (2) loading test for mechanical behaviors of both laminated bamboo and BFRP-bamboo composite beams. Parameters affecting the bonding behavior are firstly concluded as the coated surface resin, types of bonding materials, and interfacial treatment. Then, the failure patterns of both laminated bamboo and BFRP-bamboo composite beam are discussed based on experimental observations. Key mechanical indexes, including the yield force, yield displacement, ultimate load, ultimate displacement, ductility, and stiffness, are analyzed based on load–displacement curves of tested specimens. Besides, theoretical analyses of bearing capacity of the BFRP-bamboo composite beam, featured as fracture failure, are conducted.

Mechanical Behavior of a Unidirectional Basalt-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Under Thermomechanical Loadings

The results of experimental investigations of unidirectional composites based on basalt fibers and an epoxy resin are presented. Uniaxial tensile tests at increased operation temperatures were carried out using a specimen fixation technique imitating the operation conditions of structures. The mechanical properties at temperatures of 50, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, and 120°С and the coefficient of linear thermal expansion in the temperature range from 25 to 150°С of the basalt-fiber-reinforced plastic (BFRP) were determined. The effects of a preliminary thermal cycling and thermal aging on the static mechanical properties of the BFRP are analyzed. The temperature dependences and deformation diagrams of BFRP specimens are obtain.

Experimental research on blast-resistance of one-way concrete slabs reinforced by BFRP bars under close-in explosion

Avoiding steel-bar-like corrosion in concrete members, basalt fiber reinforced plastic (BFRP) bars behaving as reinforcement have advantages in coastal civil engineering. One-way concrete slabs reinforced by BFRP bars (SRBBs) were designed to investigate their mechanical responses under static loads and explosions. High strength but relatively low stiffness of BFRP bars make SRBBs have different responses to slabs reinforced by steel bars (SRSBs). BFRP bars work in the elastic stage while steel bars result into plastic deformation after limited elastic deformation. SRBBs have larger deflections but higher ultimate loads compared with SRSBs in static bending tests. Explosive experiments reveal the damage patterns of SRBBs under various scaled distances, from 0.474m/kg1/3 to 0.684m/kg1/3. Crack, spall and breach are three typical damage modes for blast-loaded slabs. Compared with SRSB, the SRBB of the same reinforcement ratio and under the same scaled distance has larger deflections, but smaller damage level and greater residual loads. It is indicated that although the SRBB is not stiffer than the SRSB, it has greater anti-blast ability in current research.

Flexural behaviors of hybrid concrete beams reinforced with BFRP bars and steel bars

Flexural behaviors of hybrid concrete beams reinforced with BFRP (Basalt Fiber Reinforced Plastic) bars and steel bars are studied in this paper. Tensile test, standard pull-out test of BFRP bars, and static flexural experiment of five different hybrid reinforced concrete beams were made. The tests show that BFRP bars have high tensile strength and low elastic modulus compared with steel bars. The bond strength between BFRP bars and concrete is similar to the bond strength of steel bars and concrete and shows good bond performance. The bond strength relative coefficient of BFRP bars can be considered to be 1.0. The crack spacing and crack width are analyzed and suitable formulas for calculation are proposed. The flexural capacity of appropriate hybrid reinforced beams is analyzed and a simplified formula for calculating its value is proposed. Results show that the value of the flexural capacity calculated by the proposed simplified formula is close to the experimental value. This proves that the formula can be successfully applied. By controlling the reinforcement ratio and the value of Af/As appropriately, the ductility of hybrid reinforced beams can meet the requirements of normal service conditions.