Basal Dose Research Articles

Soil type and integrated nitrogen nutrient-rice straw residue management techniques affect soil microbes, enzyme activities and yield of wheat crop

Sporadic burning of rice straw and the particulate air pollution caused consequently have created a pressing need for identification of practical environmentally sound in situ rice residue management methods. However, the agronomic interventions associated with the agri-inputs particularly the type of nitrogen fertilizer source must be worked out for these interventions. In a two-year field study performed at two different locations representing sandy loam and clay loam soil types, zero tillage with application of nitrophosphate (applied as basal dose through drilling) in combination with urea (applied at 1st irrigation + 3 foliar sprays of urea at weekly interval) significantly enhanced the grain and straw yield of wheat. The soil microbial viable cell counts and dehydrogenase and urease enzyme activities were also recorded to be highest in this treatment indicating the occurrence of higher living microbial population. The treatment × response variable Principle component analysis (PCA) biplot depicted relative variation among the residue management treatments/Nitrogen fertilizer sub-treatments and the enzyme activities as response variables. A variation in the soil organic content components was recognized through Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IRS) studies. Irrespective of the soil types under study, the FT-IR spectra exhibited presence of the aromatic carbon functional groups in residue incorporated treatments as compared to the no residue incorporation treatment.

Artículo traducido] Atención farmacéutica y asma: protocolo de una revisión de revisiones sistemáticas

IntroductionRecent systematic reviews and meta-analyses suggest that pharmacists' interventions in asthma patients have a positive impact on health-related outcomes. Nevertheless, the association is not well established and the role of clinical pharmacists is poorly represented, as well as severe asthma patients.The aim of this overview of systematic reviews is to identify published systematic reviews assessing the impact of pharmacists' interventions on health-related outcomes measured in asthma patients, as well as to describe key components of the interventions, the outcomes assessed and any associations between pharmacists' interventions and health-related outcomes. MethodsPubMed, Embase, Scopus and the Cochrane Library will be searched from inception to December 2022. Systematic reviews of all study designs, severity of asthma and level of care that measured health-related outcomes will be considered. Methodological quality will be assessed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2. Two independent investigators will perform the study selection, quality assessment and data collection, any discrepancy will be solved by a third investigator. Both narrative findings and meta-analysis of primary study data included in the systematic reviews will be synthesized. If data are appropriate for quantitative synthesis, the measures of association will be expressed as the risk ratio and difference in means. DiscussionThe first results on the establishment of a multidisciplinary network for the management of asthmatic patients have shown the benefits of integrating different levels of care in disease control and morbidity reduction. Further studies showed benefits in hospital admissions, patients' basal oral corticosteroid dose, exacerbations and quality of life of asthma patients.A systematic review is the most appropriate design in order to summarize the literature and identify the evidence of the benefits of interventions performed by clinical pharmacists in asthma patients, especially those with severe uncontrolled asthma, and encourage future studies to stablish the role of clinical pharmacists in asthma units. Registration detailsSystematic review registration number: CRD42022372100.

Potassium requirement, nutrient uptake and efficiency of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Vertisols of North West Ethiopia

Vertisols occur in a wide range of climatic zones but most abundantly in the tropics. Nutrient deficiencies and poor management practices limit the productivity of Vertisols. As soil test methods are unreliable indicators of potassium (K) availability on Vertisols because of the type of clay minerals and surface properties, it is important to assess the response of applied K for plant nutrition. Field experiments were conducted to determine the requirement of K for chickpea and evaluate the impact of K on the uptake and efficiency of nutrients in Vertisols of North West Ethiopia. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replications. Potassium was added at four levels (0, 50,100 and 150 kg ha−1) as muriate of potash (KCl), and a basal dose of NPS. The result indicated that K at a rate of 100 kg ha−1 KCl produced the highest dry matter and grain yield increase (4436.53 and 2289.33 kg ha−1, respectively; p < 0.05) during the 2015 and 2016 main cropping seasons at two sites. The concentration, total uptake of nutrients and total nitrogen were enhanced and agronomic efficiency parameters were improved by the application of K in chickpea plants. The study revealed that fertilization of chickpea by inorganic K could be used to increase grain yield and quality of chickpea in the study sites.

Pharmaceutical care and asthma: Protocol of an umbrella review of systematic reviews

IntroductionRecent systematic reviews and meta-analyses suggest that pharmacists' interventions in asthma patients have a positive impact on health-related outcomes. Nevertheless, the association is not well established and the role of clinical pharmacists is poorly represented, as well as severe asthma patients.The aim of this overview of systematic reviews is to identify published systematic reviews assessing the impact of pharmacists' interventions on health-related outcomes measured in asthma patients, as well as to describe key components of the interventions, the outcomes assessed and any associations between pharmacists' interventions and health-related outcomes. MethodsPubMed, Embase, Scopus and the Cochrane Library will be searched from inception to December 2022. Systematic reviews of all study designs, severity of asthma and level of care that measured health-related outcomes will be considered. Methodological quality will be assessed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2. Two independent investigators will perform the study selection, quality assessment and data collection, any discrepancy will be solved by a third investigator. Both narrative findings and meta-analysis of primary study data included in the systematic reviews will be synthesised. If data are appropriate for quantitative synthesis, the measures of association will be expressed as the risk ratio and difference in means. DiscussionThe first results on the establishment of a multidisciplinary network for the management of asthmatic patients have shown the benefits of integrating different levels of care in disease control and morbidity reduction. Further studies showed benefits in hospital admissions, patients' basal oral corticosteroid dose, exacerbations and quality of life of asthma patients.A systematic review is the most appropriate design in order to summarise the literature and identify the evidence of the benefits of interventions performed by clinical pharmacists in asthma patients, especially those with severe uncontrolled asthma, and encourage future studies to stablish the role of clinical pharmacists in asthma units. Registration detailsSystematic review registration number: CRD42022372100.

OPTIMIZATION OF NEW GENERATION POTASSIUM (NG-K) FERTILIZER FOR IMPROVEMENT IN QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF CITRUS (CITRUS LIMON)

Potassium (K) performs multiple essential functions in the plant, including enzyme activation and osmotic regulation. Citrus fruit quality gains considerable influence from potassium (K) fertilizer rate, application method, and sources used. The conducted field experiment assessed the impact and response of different levels of K applications on the quality and yield parameters of citrus fruit, determining a suitable time, stage, and K fertilizer dose for citrus trees. Comparing traditional K fertilizer, i.e., sulfate of potash (SOP), with new-generation potassium (NG-K) employed the use of foliar and soil (basal) applications. Treatments included (i) T1: Control (0 NPK), (ii) T2: Recommended NP and without K, (iii) T3: 500 g K as sulfate of potash (SOP) (basal), (iv) T4: New generation K (NG-K) fertilizer @1.5% (foliar), and (v) T5: 400 g NG-K fertilizer (basal). Observations revealed that citrus trees responded positively in growth characteristics, including fruit quality and physiological attributes, under both foliar and basal K fertilizer applications of different K sources. Notably, NG-K fertilizer proved a better source of K, whether applied as a basal dose or foliar spray. For growth characteristics like the fresh weight of leaves and fruit mass, obtaining the highest values of 35.2 and 172 g, respectively, resulted when applying a basal dose of NG-K. On the other hand, maximum total sugar content (13 mg L-1) and juice content (40%) occurred under foliar-applied NG-K. Foliar application of K fertilizer proved to be more effective for better growth and fruit quality parameters than the basal application of SOP.

CROP GROWTH ENHANCEMENT: INVESTIGATING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TEA WASTE COMPOST APPLIED AS ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH RESPONSE OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS) PLANT

Recycling and reuse can effectively manage the enormous amount of organic solid waste produced in a nation with a dense population, like Bangladesh, especially if the waste has potential value but there haven’t been many strategies employed to deal with these problems. In that light, the goal of this study was to recycle tea waste while using it as organic fertilizer to boost crop productivity. To prepare compost, tea waste (TW) was collected from various locations within the two municipal corporations of Dhaka City. The compost was then applied to Zea mays plants at different treatment levels with a fixed amount of soil (T0 – Control, T1 – basal dose of fertilizers/15 kg soil, T2 – 4.5 kg TW/15 kg soil, T3 – 6.0 kg TW/15 kg soil, and T4 – 7.5 kg TW/15 kg soil), and the plant growth against the doses were observed for six consecutive weeks. The study discovered that, compared to the control (T0) and conventional chemical fertilizers (T1), the plants displayed a promising growth response in the remaining treatments (T2, T3, and T4) where only TW compost was applied, with the highest growth in treatment T4. Treatment T4 even displayed an early bloom of tassels within the sixth week of observation. Significant differences (p values 0.05) between and within each treatment group were found by statistical analysis (one-way ANOVA). Composting and recycling TW may have potential uses in agriculture and could be a feasible means to achieve zero waste emissions, according to the study’s findings.

Effect of Nano Urea Foliar Spray on Yield and Yield Attributes of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)

Foliar application of nano urea is a good option of nitrogen or a balanced dose of nitrogen to increase the yield of black gram. For that, this study was conducted to evaluate the performance of black gram (Vigna mungo L.) under two forms of nitrogen at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) sub-station experimental field, Chapainawabganj during September to December 2022. Black gram variety Binamash-2 and 3 treatments, viz. Control (no fertilizer) (T1), Farmers practice (recommended fertilizer application as basal dose and top dressing during active growth) (T2) and Nano urea (2-4 ml of nano urea (4 % N) in one litre of water and sprayed on crop leaves at its active growth stages) (T3) were used under randomized block design. Yield and yield contributing characters were significantly affected by different forms of nitrogen (urea). The highest grain yield was obtained with T3 which was 1587.33 kg per hectare whereas T1 had given the lowest yield (983.33 kg per hectare). It was obvious that grain yield of black gram can be increased substantially with the judicious application of nano urea as foliar spray during active growth stages.

Comparative Responses of Silicon to Reduce Cadmium and Enrich Selenium in Rice Varieties.

Cadmium (Cd), a highly toxic heavy metal for crops in China, poses a significant threat to rice cultivation. It is crucial to identify the genotypes with robust resistance to heavy metals, including Cd, in rice. The experiment was conducted to examine the mitigation effect of silicon (Si) on Cd toxicity levels in Se-enriched Z3055B and non-Se-enriched G46B rice genotypes. A basal dose of Si improved the growth and the quality of rice significantly by reducing the Cd content in rice roots, stems, leaves and grains and increased the yield, biomass and selenium (Se) content of brown rice in both genotypes. Additionally, Se content in brown rice and polished rice was notably higher in Se-enriched rice than in non-Se-enriched rice, with the highest amount at 0.129 mg/kg and 0.085 mg/kg, respectively. The results demonstrated that a basal fertilizer concentration of 30 mg/kg of Si was more effective in reducing Cd transport from roots to shoots in Se-enriched rice than in non-Se-enriched rice genotypes. Therefore, it can be concluded that Se-enriched rice genotypes are a viable option for food crop production in Cd-contaminated areas.

Response of Different Levels of Nitrogen on Growth and Yield of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) Varieties

Nitrogen is the major limiting nutrient in commercial cauliflower production. The effects of six nitrogen doses (0, 70, 80, 90, 115, 130 kg N/ha) were evaluated in two cauliflower varieties (Snow Mystique and Khumal Jyapu) at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Lamjung Campus from September 2018 to January 2019. This experiment was carried out in a two factorial Completely Randomized Design with twelve treatments and five replications. FYM (25 t/ha), full dose of phosphorus (80 kg/ha) and potassium (60 kg/ha), and half dose of nitrogen were applied as a basal dose and the remaining half dose of nitrogen was applied in two equal split doses at 30 DAT and 60 DAT. The application of 130 kg N/ha gave superior results in plant height (26.32 cm), plant spread (4103 cm2), leaf area (264 cm2), stem diameter (1.96 cm), number of leaves (20.70), root length (26.26 cm), girth of curd (49.46cm) and adjusted yield (21.78 ton/ha). Similarly, the performance of the Snow Mystique variety was significantly superior as compared to Khumal Jypau in terms of growth and yield. Therefore, the combination of an optimum level of nitrogen (130 kg N/ha) and hybrid variety (Snow Mystique) could be recommended for the commercial production of cauliflower.

Normalized difference vegetation index sensor-based nitrogen management in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Nutrient uptake, use efficiency, and partial nutrient balance.

The present experiment was conducted to assess the impact of fixed and variable doses (using a normalized difference vegetation index-sensor) of nitrogen (N) on wheat yields, nutrient uptake, nitrogen use efficiency, and soil nitrogen balance through the optimization of nitrogen dose. There were 10 treatments based on fixed and variable doses with different splits, and each treatment was replicated three times under a randomized complete block design. The treatments comprised fixed doses of 120 and 150kgNha-1 with different splits; variable doses based on sensor readings after application of 60, 90, and 120kgNha-1; 225kgNha-1 as a nitrogen-rich control; and no application of nitrogen as the absolute control. It was revealed that the application of a basal dose of 60kgNha-1 and another 60kgNha-1 at the crown root initiation stage followed by a sensor-guided N application significantly improved wheat grain yields and grain nitrogen uptake. However, straw nitrogen uptake was highest in N-rich plots where 225kgNha-1was applied. It was found that any curtailment in these doses at basal and crown root initiation stages followed by nitrogen application using a normalized difference vegetation index sensor later could not bring about higher crop yields. On average, wheat crops responded to 152-155kgNha-1 in both years of the study. Partial factor productivity along with agronomic and economic nitrogen use efficiency showed a declining trend with an increased rate of N application. Apparent N recovery values were comparable between normalized difference vegetation index sensor-based N application treatments and treatments receiving lesser N doses. Soil N status decreased in all the treatments except the nitrogen-rich strip, where there was a marginal increase in soil N status after the wheat crop harvest in the rotation. Partial nitrogen balance was negative for all the treatments except the control. From these 2-year field trials, it can be concluded that applying a normalized difference vegetation index sensor could be an essential tool for the rational management of fertilizer nitrogen in wheat grown in eastern sub-Himalayan plains.

Influence of Zinc, Iron and Manganese Applications on Soil Properties, Protein Content and Sedimentation Value of Wheat

Micronutrient insufficiency in plants is becoming increasingly common, particularly in cereals crops around the world. These deficits result in a loss of yield as well as deterioration in the nutritional quality of the crops. The experiment was carried out in screen house for Rabi season of 2017-18, Soil Science Department, CCS HAU, Hisar to measure the impact of methods and dosages of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) application on post-harvest soil characteristics and wheat quality. The findings of this research illustrated that DTPA-extractable Zn and Mn increased significantly with the addition of Zn and Mn, respectively as compared to control. With the application of micronutrients, the sedimentation value and protein content of wheat both significantly increased in comparison to the control. Maximum increase in sedimentation value (54.0) was found when 0.5 % ZnSO4 + 2.5 % urea was applied. Whereas, maximum increase in protein content (12.2%) was observed when 0.5 % FeSO4 + 3 % urea was applied. Overall, quality of wheat improved with the application of micronutrients but there was no significant effect of these applications on soil parameters. There was no significant variation in soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), electrical conductivity (EC), available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and DTPA-extractable Fe when micronutrients were applied as foliar or basal doses.

Performance analysis of rapeseed-mustard crop under different agro-climatic conditions of Jammu Division of J &amp; K state

Rapeseed-mustard is the second most important edible oilseed crop in India after groundnut. It has to play a significant role in making India self-reliant in oilseed sector. At present contribution of India to the world acreage and production is 19.29% and 11.12% respectively. Productivity of rapeseed mustard in J &amp; K is 6.98 q/ha which is 37.72% of global productivity and 67.85% of national productivity. Keeping in view low productivity of rapeseed mustard crop in J &amp; K state, a study was undertaken with randomly selected 200 rapeseed mustard growers 100 each from subtropical and temperate zone of Jammu division covering Jammu, Samba, Reasi and Doda districts to ascertain the performance of rapeseed mustard crop under farmer field conditions. Multiple linear regression model was applied to work out the factors affecting productivity of rapeseed mustard crop. The results revealed that proper irrigation, spray of insecticide, proper sowing method, thinning, use of basal dose of urea at sowing time and proper weed management significantly affected the productivity of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) with R2 value 0.534. The drivers of productivity of gobhi sarson (Brassica napus) were proper time of sowing and irrigation with R2 value 0.253 while use of phosphorus and irrigation at proper time were found to be significantly affecting the productivity of toria (Brassica rapa) with R2 value 0.757. The factors affecting the productivity of hybrid gobhi sarson were proper weed control and knowledge about different production recommendations with R2 value 0.080.

Influence of Irrigation Scheduling and Fertigation on Quality of Bhagwa Cultivar of Pomegranate under Semi-arid Conditions of Rajasthan

The field experiment was conducted at Horticulture farm, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura (Jaipur-Rajasthan) during 2019-20 and 2020-21. The experiment comprised of 12 treatment combinations consisting of 3 drip irrigation levels (50%, 75% and 100% at PE level) and 4 fertigation levels (100%, 75%, 50% of recommended dose of fertilizers through drip and 100% of RDF as basal dose). The experiment was laid out in factorial Randomized Block design. The experimental results revealed that among different treatment combinations highest fruit quality characters such as TSS (B0), TSS:Acid, reducing sugar (%), total sugar (%) and lowest value for acidity (%) and non-reducing sugar (%) of pomegranate fruit was found under treatment I2F3 (75% irrigation at PE level + 75 % RDF through drip).

Growth and nitrogen productivity of drip-irrigated winter wheat under different nitrogen fertigation strategies in the North China Plain

Excessive application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is the main cause of N loss and poor use efficiency in winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) production in the North China Plain (NCP). Drip fertigation is considered to be an effective method for improving N use efficiency and reducing losses, while the performance of drip fertigation in winter wheat is limited by poor N scheduling. A two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth, development and yield of drip-fertigated winter wheat under different split urea (46% N, 240 kg ha −1 ) applications. The six treatments consisted of five fertigation N application scheduling programs and one slow-release fertilizer (SRF) application. The five N scheduling treatments were N0-100 (0% at sowing and 100% at jointing/booting), N25-75 (25% at sowing and 75% at jointing/booting), N50-50 (50% at sowing and 50% at jointing/booting), N75-25 (75% at sowing and 25 at jointing/booting), and N100-0 (100% at sowing and 0% at jointing/booting). The SRF (43% N, 240 kg ha −1 ) was only used as fertilizer at sowing. Split N application significantly ( P <0.05) affected wheat grain yield, yield components, aboveground biomass (ABM), water use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP). The N50-50 and SRF treatments respectively had the highest yield (8.84 and 8.85 tons ha −1 ), ABM (20.67 and 20.83 tons ha −1 ), WUE (2.28 and 2.17 kg m −3 ) and NPFP (36.82 and 36.88 kg kg −1 ). This work provided substantial evidence that urea-N applied in equal splits between basal and topdressing doses compete economically with the highly expensive SRF for fertilization of winter wheat crops. Although the single-dose SRF could reduce labor costs involved with the traditional method of manual spreading, the drip fertigation system used in this study with the N50-50 treatment provides an option for farmers to maintain wheat production in the NCP.

Effect of Different Rate and Time of Application of Slag based Gypsum on Nutrient Use Efficiency, Quality and Yield of Groundnut

Background: Slag based gypsum (SBG) is a value-added product of iron and steel industry. Application of gypsum as source of calcium and sulphur for groundnut cultivation is common practice and mainly applied during peg initiation stage of groundnut. However, its effect is mainly influenced by the type of soil and dissolution of gypsum, which facilitates the yield and quality of groundnut. Hence, field experiments were conducted to know the effect of application of different rates of SBG as basal and split application on soil properties, yield, quality, nutrient use and uptake efficiency of groundnut in acidic soil. Methods: This study contains of seven treatments which includes recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) with three levels of SBG (375, 500 and 625 kg ha-1) was applied as basal and split and 500 kg natural gypsum (NG) ha-1 was applied as basal dose according to package of practice (POP) of University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore by using randomly complete block design (RCBD) at Agricultural Research Station, Balajigapade during kharif 2018 and 2019. Result: The pooled data of two field experiments on groundnut revealed that application of RDF + 625 kg SBG ha-1 as 50% at sowing + 50% at peg initiation stage recorded higher pod (28.01 q ha-1), haulm (54.46 q ha-1), kernel (20.59 q ha-1), protein (89.70 q ha-1) and oil (7.06 q ha-1) yield when compared to other treatments. There was an increase in pod, haulm and oil yield of groundnut by 11.62, 20.59 and 17.99%, respectively with the split application of 625 kg SBG ha-1 (50% at sowing + 50% at 30 DAS) over NG applied treatments. Split application of SBG significantly increased the availability of nutrients in post harvest soils than basal application. Significantly higher S and Ca nutrient use efficiency (33.98 and 28.93 kg produce/kg S and Ca utilized, respectively) and uptake efficiency (0.39 and 1.29 kg kg-1, respectively) was recorded with the split application of SBG @ 375 kg ha-1.

Blood glucose control with different treatment regimens in type 2 diabetes patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection: A retrospective study.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is closely associated with hyperglycemia and a worse prognosis in patients with a previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A few studies investigated the effects of diabetes treatment regimens in these patients during hospitalization. Here, we evaluate the impact of insulin and non-insulin therapy on glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes admitted with COVID-19. This is a retrospective study including 359 COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to diabetes treatment during hospitalization. The first group included patients treated with insulin only, and the second group patients treated with other antidiabetic agents with or without insulin. Average blood glucose was higher in the insulin-only treatment group (201 ± 66 mg/dL vs 180 ± 71 mg/dL, P = .004), even after excluding mechanically ventilated patients (192 ± 69 vs 169 ± 59 mg/dL, P = .003). In patients with moderate severity of COVID-19, average blood glucose was also significantly higher in the insulin-only treated group (197 ± 76 vs 168 ± 51 mg/dL, P = .001). Most patients (80%) in the combination treatment group received metformin. Moderately affected COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes could safely be treated with antihyperglycemic medications with or without insulin.

Extent of adoption of ANGRAU technologies in Bengal gram crop in YSR district of Andhra Pradesh, India

Bengalgram is the major pulse crop of YSR District grown exclusively during Rabi season covering 1,05,462 hectares. ANGRAU was established during 1964 and developed different agricultural technologies in various crops. But the adoption of those technologies was not documented officially. The present study was conducted during 2019-20 in YSR Kadapa district with 60 number of respondents selected from 12 number of villages and 6 number of mandals from YSR Kadapa district to study the extent of adoption of ANGRAU technologies and the reasons for non adoption of the recommended technologies in Bengalgram crop. The major findings of the study indicate that majority of the farmers (96.67 %) adopted Inter cultivation twice at 20 and 30 DAS, followed by 90.00% adopted Sowing Time-October-November, followed by Fertilisers-20 Kg N, 50Kg P2 O5 , 40 Kg sulphur and 50Kg/ha, Zn as basal dose (86.67%), followed by Curative spray either Monocrotophos @ 1.6 ml or Acephate @ 1.0 g or Quinalphos @ 2.0 ml or Thio dicarb @ 1 g/l (80%). The reasons expressed by the farmers (80.00%) for non adoption of spacing 30x10 cm was due to high seed rate, followed by 75.00 per cent of farmers expressed the reason for non adoption of Neem Seed Kernel Extract 5 % (NSKE 5%) as it is laborious.

Impact of Pulsing and Holding Solutions on Vase Life of Melaleuca bracteata F. Muell Foliage

The experiment was conducted during the year 2019-21 at Horticulture Research Station, OUAT, Bhubaneswar laid out in factorial CRD design to check the vase life of Melaleuca bracteata foliage by using distilled water (control) and different pulsing, holding solutions and 6 modules, which contains different spacing, pit size, FYM, basal fertilizer dose, water soluble fertilizers and growth regulator (BAP). Pulsing solution containing Sucrose (2%) + Al2(SO4)3 (1000 ppm) (9.89 days) resulted long vase life of foliage followed by solution containing Sucrose (2%) + BA (50 ppm) (9.10 days) in module VI. Whereas holding solution containing Sodium Benzoate (150 ppm) (9.10 days) showed long vase life of foliage followed by Sodium Benzoate (100ppm) (9.02 days) in module VI.

Impact of zinc on yield, nutrient uptake and soil nutrient status in rainfed pea-maize sequence under high phosphorus regime soils of Northwestern Himalaya

Field trials were conducted at the experimental farm of Hill Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Bajaura, Kullu, during kharif (summer crop) and rabi (winter crop) seasons from 2014–2015 to 2015–2016 to investigate the impact of zinc (Zn) on yield, nutrient uptake and soil nutrient status in rainfed pea-maize sequence under high phosphorus regime soils of Northwestern Himalaya. The various priming levels of Zn (water soaking- without zinc, 1%, 2% and 3% of ZnSO4) with three priming durations (4, 8 and 12 hours) were compared with basal dose of recommended NPK + ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha−1 and farmers’ practice (absolute control). The yield of pea crop was maximum with 1% ZnSO4 priming duration of 12 hours, whereas maize crop yield was highest with 2% ZnSO4 priming duration of 12 hours. The nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) uptake of pea pods and stover was highest with 1% ZnSO4 priming for 12 hours duration, whereas the N, P and K uptake of maize grains and stover was registered highest with 2% ZnSO4 priming for a period of 12 hours. The results showed a positive impact on the crop yield and uptake, while no significant improvement was noticed in soil nutrients status after harvest.

ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Ramadan and other religious fasting by young people with diabetes.

ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Ramadan and other religious fasting by young people with diabetes.