Base Of Cuttings Research Articles

Variability and relationships among rooting characteristics for white poplar hardwood cuttings

White poplar is a key species in wood production and afforestation, but also very important for biodiversity preservation and habitat improvement. Vegetative propagation from hardwood cuttings is the most desirable method of white poplar breeding. The present research analyzed the effect of various technological treatments on four white poplar clones. Selected treatments were powder formulations of indole butyric acid (IBA) and foliar treatment with urea. The variability of 14 morphometric characteristics on the rooting of cuttings was analyzed, as well as relationships between them. Differences in analyzed morphometric characteristics depended on genotype, while the effect of the examined technological treatments was detected only by Fisher?s least significant difference (LSD) test. Significant variability between genotypes was found for traits describing rooting at the basal cut (R0 and R0p), the number of leaves (LN), the total number of roots (TRN), and cutting survival in the first part of the growing season (SURV07). Application of IBA had significant stimulating effects on rooting at the lower part of cuttings (R05) compared to controls. Variability between genotypes after foliar treatment with urea was not detected. The examined parameters were grouped into 5 groups by principal component analysis, where shoot traits and traits that describe rooting at the basal cut were in the same group with total number of roots, and cutting survival (SURV07) was in a separate group. These results suggest a need for further testing of the characteristics of hardwood cuttings in white poplars. More efficient clone technology is needed, using auxins and/or nitrogen fertilization designed to suit the specific requirements of particular clones.

Cocoa shell substrate, indolebutyric acid doses and length of cuttings in the rooting of Fridericia chica

ABSTRACT Fridericia chica (Bonpl.) L. G. Lohmann has medicinal properties and potential for commercial cultivation; however, the propagation characteristics of this species have been poorly evaluated. This study aimed to analyze the length of cuttings, indolebutyric acid (IBA) doses and substrates containing different proportions of cocoa shell in F. chica cuttings. Two experiments were carried out. In the first one, the treatments were basal cuttings of 10 cm and 20 cm in length and four IBA concentrations (0 mg L-1, 2,000 mg L-1, 4,000 mg L-1 and 6,000 mg L-1). In the second experiment, substrates obtained from five proportions of cocoa shell (CS) and expanded vermiculite (EV) compost were tested: 100 % CS; 100 % EV; 50 % CS + 50% EV; 30 % CS + 70 % EV; 70 % CS + 30 % EV. The rooting percentage, sprouting height and dry biomass production were evaluated. The production of F. chica seedlings can be performed by basal cuttings with 20 cm in length, which allow achieving a rooting rate of 91 %. The ideal IBA dose to obtain a maximum sprout length is 3,600 mg L-1. Mixtures composed of 50 % CS + 50 % EV and 30 % CS + 70 % EV were the best substrates for the production of F. chica seedlings.

Effect of The Date and Concentrations of The IBA on Rooting and Growth of Semi-Hard Wood Cuttings of Two Olive (Olea europaea L.) Varieties

This study was conducted in the plastic house at the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design - College of Agriculture and Forestry - University of Mosul, Iraq. For the period from 1/2/2013 until 1/8/2013. To study the effect of three dates of cutting collection from 1st February to 1st April monthly intervals, and soaking the cuttings in four concentrations of IBA solution 0, 2000, 3000, 4000mg.l-1 seconds on the rooting ability and subsequent growth of semi-hard wood cuttings of two olive varieties Gordal Sevillano and Tanche. The results were showed the cuttings were collected on the 1st of March resulted into the highest of rooted cutting, survival %, carbohydrate content, carbohydrate to nitrogen (C/N ratio) in the basal cuttings. Rooting increased proportionately with increasing of IBA concentrations principally the cuttings were soaked in 4000mg.l-1. Gordal Sevillano cuttings gave a significantly increase of rooting and the basal cuttings gave a significantly increased of carbohydrates content than Tanche variety. The best rooting percentage were get from interaction between Gordal Sevillano which collected on the 1st of March treated with 4000 mg.l-1 were gave 66.67%. Highest rate of survival (80.0%) of control treatment of Tanche olive variety were taken on 1st of February. The highest content of carbohydrate (18.10) were obtained in Gordal Sevillano basal cuttings were taken on 1st of March. Higher percentage of Nitrogen (1.58%) were obtained from interaction between basal cutting of Gordal Sevillano variety. were taken on 1st of March. The highest percentage of C/N ration were got by interaction of Gordal Sevillano which collected on 1st of March.

Interference of speed at cutting height and damage to rootstock in mechanical harvesting of sugarcane

In the mechanized harvest, the quality of the basal cut becomes one of the most important factors because it is associated with sprouting of the cane field. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of speed at cutting height and damage to the rootstock in function of mechanized harvesting of sugarcane. The variety used was CTC 15, with an average yield of 92.5 t ha-1. The mechanized harvest was conducted without previous burning of the cane field, in an area with a slope of 6% and a spacing of 1.5 meters between rows of planting. Three speeds were selected for movement of the harvester: V1: 3.0, V2: 5.0 and V3: 7.0 km h-1, performed with four replications. The evaluation of the quality of the mechanized harvest in relation to the basal cut was determined with the evaluation of the remaining stumps and the damages caused to rootstocks after the passage of the harvester. The height of cut was measured with a tape measure. For the damages to rootstocks, the chi-square test was applied. The cut height measurements were submitted to ANOVA and the averages were analyzed by Tukey test at 5% probability. The results showed that increase in speed during the operation of mechanized harvesting of sugarcane increased the average height of cut in evaluated treatments, as well as the damages to rootstocks which was higher according to the increase in the speed of the harvester. The increase in the speed of displacement of the sugarcane harvester influenced the height of the cut and the damage to the rootstock.

Metabolismo fotossintético em mudas de Pereskia aculeata Plum. propagadas por estaquia sob diferentes disponibilidades luminosas

Pereskia aculeata Plum. (Ora pro nobis, Cactaceae) is a plant of medicinal interest and alimentary value to present high contents of fibers and proteins. However, information regarding the physiological aspects in the initial growth stage of seedlings is incipient. Thus, the aim of this work was to know the photosynthetic metabolism of P. aculeata seedlings propagated by cuttings under irradiance contrasts. The experiment was conducted under two light conditions (full sun and 50% shading), evaluating the types of apical, median and basal cuttings. The experimental arrangement was in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme, in the randomized complete block design, with four replications. Photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll-a fluorescence emission and gas exchange were quantified. Results showed that the highest levels of chlorophylls and photochemical efficiencies were observed in the apical cuttings cultivated under 50% shading (low irradiance). The highest rates of CO2 assimilation, Rubisco efficiency and water use were observed when using median and basal cuttings under full sun (high irradiance). The propagation by median cuttings maintained in high or low irradiance, and basal cuttings under high irradiance provided a greater photosynthetic capacity of the seedlings, and may be indicated for the propagation of this species.

<i>In Situ</i> Clonal Propagation of Stevia (<i>Stevia rebaudiana</i>, Bertoni) Using Hormones

The sweet taste of Stevia leaves makes it a potential substitute for table sugar which can be used to sweeten foods and beverages. However, the limited planting materials become a constrained to large production; hence the experiment aims to investigate the different part and methods of propagation for stevia specifically use of different rooting hormones. The experiment was laid out in 3 × 4 factorial arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design. It consists of 3 types of cutting (shoot tips, intermediate stem and basal stem part) and four kinds of commercial hormones (miracle gro, rootech gel, NAA and control). Results showed that the highest percentage survival of stevia was obtained from shoot tips (93.92%) which differed statistically from those intermediate (91.00%) and basal stem cuttings (85.51%). On the other hand, basal stem cutting significantly has the lowest percent survival. Results revealed that shoot tip cuttings treated with Rootech Gel developed roots early (6.92 days), with most number of roots (13.70), longer roots (3.33 cm), and 96.38% survival.

Seed germination and vegetative production of Greyia radlkoferi, an indigenous tree of cosmeceutical importance

Greyia radlkoferi is one of the important and recently studied cosmeceutical trees or shrubs indigenous to South Africa. It offers great potential as a source of extracts for the development of cosmeceutical products with the ability to treat hyperpigmentation. In order to develop the product, G. radlkoferi must be produced on a commercial scale. Greyia radlkoferi is known to regenerate naturally by seed. In an effort to introduce G. radlkoferi into cultivation, the effect of five temperature treatments ranging from 10-30°C on the germination of its seeds was investigated. The trial was carried out under laboratory-controlled conditions in incubators in continuous darkness. Germination of G. radlkoferi seeds was discovered to be dependent on temperature. Warm temperatures between 20 and 25°C were more favourable for the germination of this species with optimum germination temperature being 25°C with 82% germination. In vegetative propagation by stem cuttings, the effect of cutting position, exogenous rooting hormone (Seradix® 1, Seradix® 2, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.8% IBA) and the cutting position were studied in the glasshouse. The cutting position had a significant effect on rooting of G. radlkoferi cuttings with basal cuttings rooting better with 35% rooting compared to 6% rooting attained for the apical cuttings. Exogenous hormones did not show any statistical significant effects on the rooting of cuttings, however, a clear trend in response to the growth regulator treatments was observed, with 0.1% IBA recording the highest rooting percentage. Considering the results of this study, seed propagation appears to be the suitable technique for large-scale multiplication of G. radlkoferi. This data contribute to the establishment of an efficient protocol for cultivation of G. radlkoferi for commercial purposes.

The effect that indolebutyric acid (IBA) and position of cane segment have on the rooting of cuttings from grapevine rootstocks and from Cabernet franc ( Vitis vinifera L.) under conditions of a hydroponic culture system

Abstract The present study aimed at determining the effect of indolebutyric acid (IBA) and of the part of cane from which the cuttings were taken on the rooting ability of three rootstocks and of a grapevine variety using a hydroponic system employing water as the culture medium. Under hydroponic conditions, three different auxin treatments (control water, 120 and 250 ppm IBA) were applied on the three rootstocks, namely 1103 Paulsen, SO4, Dog Ridge and cv Cabernet franc ( Vitis vinifera L.). The treatments were applied annually for a period of two (2) years and, more specifically, in 2014 and 2015, using a completely randomized design. The cuttings were collected from the Experimental Vineyard, Laboratory of Viticulture, Agricultural University of Athens. The study continued by evaluating the effect of that three factors, rootstock/variety, cane part donating the cuttings, and IBA concentration had on the following: percentage of callogenesis, percentage of rhizogenesis, average diameter of roots, average number of roots per cutting, total surface of roots, and total length of roots. The results of the experiment revealed that treatment with 250 ppm IBA and cuttings coming from the middle part of the cane yielded the highest rhizogenesis percentages. At the same time, the highest callogenesis percentage was observed in the basal cuttings of rootstock 1103 P that underwent the same treatment. Following the 120 ppm IBA treatment, the basal cuttings of rootstock Dog Ridge presented the highest average number of roots. Under the 250 ppm IBA treatment, the basal, middle and middle cuttings of the Dog Ridge rootstock respectively presented the highest average diameter, surface, and length of roots. The experiment led to the conclusion that, under hydroponic conditions and when treated in low IBA concentrations, the grapevine variety and the rootstocks under study can give rooting results which are quite satisfactory. Based on those results, a hydroponic system employing water as its culture medium may prove practical and economical when it comes to vine propagation.

Cortes basais e substratos na formação de mudas clonais de cafeeiro canéfora

Objetivou-se avaliar substratos e tipos de cortes nas estacas para produção de mudas clonais de cafeeiro canéfora. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação. As estacas foram obtidas a partir da porção média de ramos ortotrópicos padronizados. O experimento foi em esquema fatorial 2x7 com dois tipos de cortes nas estacas (corte basal retilíneo e em bisel) e sete substratos: solo, comercial, palha de café, maravalha (resíduo de madeira processada), comercial+palha de café (v:v), comercial+maravalha (v:v) e maravalha+palha de café (v:v). Verificou-se que o substrato comercial Vivato Slim quando acrescido ou não de palha de café, bem como o corte basal retilíneo em estacas de Coffea canephora apresentam melhores resultados para produção de mudas clonais nas condições estudadas no presente trabalho.

Adaptação ao cultivo de oregão (Origanum vulgare L.) na região de Elvas

Origanum vulgare L. species is used as an herb, spice and medicinal plant, occurring spontaneously in the Alentejo region. Its sustainable cultivation should be promoted in order to reduce genetic erosion caused by harvest in nature. The main goal of this study was to respond to the request of a farmer from the Elvas region, focusing on the assessment of the adaptation to cultivation of six accessions, three spontaneous (OV1 from Vila Fernando, OV2 from Estremoz, OV3 from Vila Boim) and the remaining three commercial (OVT1, OVT2, OVT3). Plant propagation was carried out from stem cuttings for the three spontaneous accessions and from seed for the three commercial accessions. Using material from OV2, a stem cutting vegetative propagation trial was carried out, using softwood (terminal and sub-terminal) and semi-hardwood (basal) stem cuttings; cuttings survival and growth was observed. Seed germination was tested using the three commercial seed accessions and the three spontaneous accessions (harvest in nature and after cultivation) at 20°C with 12 h photoperiod. The following descriptors were observed on the filed characterization essay: flowering date; length, width and color of the basal leaf; growth habit; width and height of the plant; length of the main stem, length and width of the terminal inflorescence, flowered portion of the stem length and width; plant biomass (fresh and dry). The subterminal stem cuttings survived better (83.8%) and survival rate was significantly higher than basal cuttings (56.8%). Seed germination varied from 69.5% to 92%, with significant differences between the commercial seeds and seeds of the spontaneous accessions after cultivation. On the characterization field essay, the flowering date was the only descriptor with significant differences between spontaneous accessions. The earliest-flowering accession was OV1 and the later-flowering accession was OV2. The difference between the flowering dates of these accessions was 13 days. The work provided useful information to the farmer for oregano growing, however the study should be continued.

Effect of humic acid on sprouting and rooting of stem cuttings of dalberiga sissoo roxb.

The present study was conducted at FRC, Mandar (Ranchi), Jharkhand to study effect of the humic acid on sprouting and behavior of Dalbergia sissoo. The extracted humic acid was acidic in nature and available N and P content was lower than commercial HA (Humicil). Branch cuttings were treated with different concentrations of extracted HA in different months and its responses were recorded. Both sprouting and rooting were varied significantly with time, position and humic acid concentrations. The 0.08% extracted HA shown highest sprouting and survival per cent during August and September whereas 0.02% HA produced maximum sprouts and survival percent during December month. The highest percentage of both sprout and survival of basal and terminal cuttings were found at 0.04% and 0.08% HA, respectively during February. Extracted HA promotes root growth and root nodule in the clonal seedlings at 0.06% HA. Shoot growth and biomass of clonal seedlings were augmented by HA at 0.08% HA.

Tipo de estaca e substrato na propagação vegetativa de Lippia gracilis Schauer

RESUMO: Lippia gracilis é uma planta nativa da Caatinga, rica em óleo essencial com atividade antimicrobiana. O trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito de diferentes tipos de estacas e substratos na propagação vegetativa de L. gracilis . O experimento foi montado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 3, sendo 3 tipos de estacas (apical, mediana e basal) e 3 tipos de substratos (areia + húmus, argila + húmus e areia + argila + húmus), com 5 repetições cada. Aos 40 dias foram avaliadas: porcentagem de estacas brotadas e enraizadas, número médio de brotos, comprimento da maior raiz e biomassa seca dos brotos e raízes. Em todas as variáveis as estacas medianas e basais apresentaram melhores resultados do que as apicais. O substrato influenciou apenas na biomassa seca dos brotos, sendo o composto de argila + húmus superior ao areia + argila + húmus e igual, em significância, ao areia+ húmus.

Propagação vegetativa de hibisco com diferentes tipos de estacas e concentrações de ácido indolbutírico

The propagation of the hibiscus is done preferably by cutting. However, the success of this technique depends on the internal and external conditions cuttings, that will influence directly into your rooting capacity. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the effect of three types of cuttings (apical, middle and basal) and four concentrations of IBA (0, 1000, 3000 and 5000 mg L- 1) in the propagation through cuttings of Hibiscus rosa-sinensisL. cv. Snow Queen. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse under intermittent mist at the Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Campus Profa. CinobelinaElvas, Bom Jesus-PI for the period from May 23 to July 7, 2012. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement 3x4 (Type of cuttings x Concentration IBA) with four replications. At 45 days after implantation of the experiment were evaluated: percentage of rooting, survival rate, number of shoots, number of leaves, average root length, dry weight of shoot and root dry weight. There was no significant interaction between the factors studied. There is effective for cutting type. The technique of propagation by cuttings of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. cv. Snow Queen is efficient through the use of basal cuttings.

The effect of growing media and stem cutting type on rooting and growth of Bougainvillea spectabilis plants

The bougainvillea plants (Bougainvillea spp) are appraised as decorative plants because of their lovely blossoms that bloom several times throughout the year. It is believed to have originated from South America, but widely cultivated in the tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world. Propagation of these plants can be done by using vegetative methods such as stem cuttings, grafting or tissue culture. The present investigation was carried out with the objective of standardizing a rapid and simple protocol for propagation and sprouting Bougainvillea spectabilis plants under fiberglass house conditions. Different types of stem cuttings, viz. terminal, middle and basal cuttings (15-20 cm long), were treated with IBA (Indole butyric acid) at 2000 ppm and cultured in various types of growing media viz. soil, soil +sand (1:1), soil +sand +peat moss (1:1:1), and soil +sand +peatmoss +FYM (1:1:1:1). The results indicated that basal stem cutting realized significantly the highest values of rooting percentage (> 97%) at all growing media used, compared with the terminal and middle cuttings (< 20%) after 60 days of planting. Similarly, the basal stem cutting yielded the greatest values in terms of root length (cm) and number of roots per cutting, with no significant difference among different media and cuttings. The basal cuttings significantly recorded the highest values for all parameters studied irrespective of the type of growing media used. Significantly, the height of rooted cuttings, after 90 days of planting was the greatest (67.66 cm) in the medium containing soil+ sand (1:1), compared to the other media investigated. The number of shoots and leaves per plant at the different media were statistically on a par. The research determined that hard- wood cutting and soil medium is the best cutting and medium for rooting of bougainvillea spectabilis plants.

Propagación asexual de Pinus leiophylla Schiede ex Schltdl. et Cham.

El efecto del sustrato, tipo de estaca y concentración de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) se evaluó en el enraizado de estacas de Pinus leiophylla con el propósito de multiplicar progenies de familias de medios hermanos con crecimiento sobresaliente. Para ello se utilizaron dos tipos de sustratos (agrolita y una mezcla de turba-agrolita-vermiculita 1:1:1), dos tipos de estacas (apicales y basales) y dos concentraciones de AIB (0 y 10,000 ppm). La probabilidad y porcentaje de enraizado, crecimiento de la estaca y características de las raíces formadas deP. leiophylla se evaluaron. Los resultados indican que usando estacas basales es 3.5 veces másprobable que el enraizamiento de P. leiophylla sea exitoso que utilizando estacas apicales.El tratamiento formado por la mezcla de turba-agrolita-vermiculita, estaca basal y 10,000 ppm de AIB produjo 45.3 % de enraizamiento (mayor porcentaje), mientras que con el testigo solo se obtuvo 8.6 % de enraizamiento (agrolita, estaca basal y sin AIB). Las interacciones que incluyeron el tipo de sustrato mostraron diferencias significativas (P ≤ 0.05) en el crecimientode la estaca. El uso de agrolita y la aplicación de AIB favorecieron un mayor número de raíces,particularmente en las estacas tipo basal de P. leiophylla.

Propagação vegetativa de estacas de Piper hispidumSw. em diferentes substratos

RESUMO Piper hispidum é uma espécie pioneira pertencente à família Piperaceae, com importância na medicina popular e na obtenção de óleo essencial. Assim como outras espécies da família, possui poucas informações sobre técnicas de cultivo. O objetivo foi avaliar a propagação via estaquia de Piper hispidum em função do tipo de substrato e estaca em Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. O experimento foi realizado na Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 (estacas) x 5 (substratos), com três repetições de 12 estacas, sendo as estacas (apical, mediana e basal) e os substratos (areia lavada, substrato comercial, solo + esterco de aves, solo + casca de guaraná e fibra de coco). Foram avaliadas: enraizamento (%), número de brotações, comprimento da maior brotação (cm), número de folhas, comprimento da maior raiz (cm), massa seca da raiz (g) e massa seca das brotações (g). Foi realizada análise de variância pelo teste F a 5% de probabilidade e para as médias foi realizado o teste Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Recomenda-se utilizar estacas apicais e basais, nesta ordem. Ocorreu interação entre os fatores substrato e tipos de estaca somente para variável número de brotações. Os substratos areia lavada e substrato comercial são indicados para maiores porcentagens de enraizamento com 81,56% e 81,33%, respectivamente. O enraizamento foi superior nas estacas apicais (85,67%) e basais (74,47%). Porém, para esta espécie os substratos solo + esterco de aves e/ou solo + casca de guaraná foram mais indicados quando o objetivo é obter estacas de qualidade.

Micropropagation of Achillea millefolium L. on half-strength ms medium and direct rooting and acclimatization of microshoots in hydroponic culture

The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of micropropagation of the medicinal plant A. millefolium on half-strength MS medium and ex vitro rooting and acclimatization of the obtained microshoots in hydroculture in order to establish an efficient production method. Two explant types were used: basal and terminal cuttings, and better results were achieved when terminal cuttings were used. The development of shoots in the multiplication phase was successful with a regeneration percentage of 100%. Ex vitro rooting in a modified Hoagland nutrient solution was successful (83%), but the percentage of in vitro rooting on half-strength MS medium without hormones was higher (95%). However, bearing in mind that mass production of A. millefolium is more efficient when the phase of in vitro rooting is excluded, this method could be recommended for commercial propagation of this medicinal plant. It is necessary to conduct additional research in order to optimize the composition, EC and pH value of the hydroponic nutrient solution.

Influence of Auxins on Rooting Efficacy in Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) Cuttings

Effect of various auxins (IBA, IAA and NAA) on different types of cuttings was investigated to determine efficacy of auxins in promoting rooting in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). Auxin and type of cutting significantly affected rooting traits. NAA was found to be more effective in promoting early rooting and inducing profuse rooting, root number, fresh and dry weight of roots and longer roots. Among the auxins used, earliest rooting (18.69 days), highest rooting percentage (58.70 %), number of roots (13.18), root length (12.26 cm), and, highest fresh and dry weight of roots (4.93g and 45.08 mg), respectively, were obtained with NAA @ 500 ppm. Tip cuttings responded better in rooting-characteristic of carnation - than basal cuttings, and recorded highest rooting percentage (73.02 %) and number of roots (12.25), longest roots (10.04cm) and maximum fresh and dry weight of roots (4.27 g and 43.19 mg), respectively. Interaction effect of auxin and cutting type was found to the significant, and highest rooting percentage, (85.26%), number of roots (18.36), longest roots (14.81cm), and highest fresh and dry weight of roots (6.85g and 68.02mg), respectively, observed with NAA @ 500 ppm in tip cuttings.

Ficus nitida L . THE EFFECT SUN LIGHT INTENSITY AND CUTTING TYPE IN ROOTING ABILITY

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of cutting type and sun light exposure. Terminal middle and basal cuttings were taken from upwar dowrward shoots. Based on results obtained , the medial cuttings and sun light exposure significantly exceeded by increasing rooting percentage(3.67 , 3.33)% roots length (12.77, 11.2) cm, chlorophyll percentage (22.7, 23.7)% ,leaves number (7.11, 6.92) leaf/plant and shoots number (2.77 , 2.47 )shot/plant , respectively Moreover , the interaction between medial cutting and sunlight exposure significantly increased rooting and vegetative growth characteristics.

In vitro propagation and the acclimatization effect on the synthesis of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzaldehyde in Decalepis hamiltonii Wight and Arn.

The present study reports a high frequency in vitro propagation protocol through apical bud sprouting and basal organogenic nodule formation in shoot tip explants of Decalepis hamiltonii, an endemic and endangered medicinal liana. Among different combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and growth additives, maximum of 8.20 shoots per explant with mean shoot length of 6.54 cm were induced on Murashige and Skoog’s medium (MS) supplemented with 5.0 µM 6-benzyladenine (BA) + 0.5 µM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) + 30.0 µM adenine sulphate (ADS) through apical bud sprouting. On single cytokinin treatment explants did not exhibit good multiplication but showed nodulation (N1) from the basal cut end similar to cytokinin–auxin combination (N2). Between two types of nodular tissues, N2 was proved to be better for maximum shoot regeneration (15.40 shoots per explant) and shoot length (4.56 cm) when cultured on MS medium supplemented with 5.0 µM BA, 0.5 µM IAA, 30.0 µM ADS and 1.0 µM gibberellic acid (GA3). Microshoots were efficiently rooted on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 2.5 μM α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). After successful acclimatization in Soilrite, 95.10 % plantlets were survived in field conditions. Histological investigation proved useful in ascertaining the callogenic nature of the regenerating nodular tissue formed at the basal cut end of shoot tip explant. Acclimatized plantlets were studied for the estimation of chlorophyll and carotenoid content as well as the net photosynthetic rate (PN) during subsequent days of transfer to ex vitro condition. Moreover, acclimatization had a significant effect on biomass production and the synthesis of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzaldehyde (2HMB). Maximum fresh weight (3.78 gm/plant), dry weight (0.39 gm/plant) of roots and 2HMB content (15.94 µg/ml of extract) were noticed after 8 weeks of acclimatization.