Barrang Lompo Island Research Articles

Inventory of damage to coral reefs ecosystem in waters of Bungkutoko Island, Kendari City and Barrang Lompo Island, Makassar City

Coastal areas and sea have the potential biological resources large enough, because supported by three main ecosystem the ecosystem mangrove, seagrass beds and coral reefs. To maintain the existence of the ecosystem, control in coastal areas need to conducted one of them is inventory damage ecosystem especially ecosystem coral reefs. On the island of Bungkutoko lack or information on the coral reefs ecosystem is the island Barrang Lompo in addition the information and data on the ecosystem. The purpose of this research is to get data teachers’ marital status and a condition of damage the ecosystem to coral reefs as a second the island. The research results obtained, a covering of coral reef island Bungkutoko depth 5m and 10m namely 36,47% and 41,67% category ‘being’. The island Barrang Lompo station 1 the depth of 5m and 10m namely 38,67% and 42,53% category ‘being’, station 2 covering 23,27% category ‘broken’. To scattery if coral reefs Bungkutoko island 231.31 ha, the Barrang Lompo island 127.47 ha. The level of damage/index mortalities on the island of Bungkutoko depth 5m and 10m namely 0,5593% and 0,6201% category ‘being’. The island Barrang Lompo station 1 depth 5m and 10m namely 0,6011% and 0,5504% category ‘being’, station 2 the level of damage/index mortalities 0,7326% category ‘high’.

Potential hazards from hygiene, sanitation and bacterium of refill drinking water at Barrang Lompo island (water and food safety perspective)

Coliform bacteria are suspected to come from faeces. As a result, their presence in various places ranging from drinking water, foodstuffs or other ingredients to human needs are not expected. This research aimed to describe bacterial contaminations, depot sanitations, equipment sanitations, worker hygiene, raw water quality, and refill drinking water in Barrang Lompo island in 2017. The observational research applied descriptive approach. Water samples collected grab from the drinking water depot taps, then examined using Most Probable Number (MPN) method. The results showed that three of six depots have qualified drinking water quality. Raw water samples from all depots indicated that none were eligible. The samples examined contained gram-negative bacteria. The types of bacteria that grew on the sample were Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aerogenosa. In the environmental sanitation depots and worker hygiene, there was no one eligible. Sanitary appliances were all eligible and there were depots that used reserve osmosis methods and used combination methods between reserve osmosis and ultraviolet light. It was concluded that almost all samples of drinking water were contaminated by bacteria. Owners and depot workers were advised to improve and implement better hygiene and sanitation.

SPATIAL PROJECTION OF LAND USE AND ITS CONNECTION WITH URBAN ECOLOGY SPATIAL PLANNING IN THE COASTAL CITY, CASE STUDY IN MAKASSAR CITY, INDONESIA

The arrangement of coastal ecological space in the coastal city area aims to ensure the sustainability of the system, the availability of local natural resources, environmental health and the presence of the coastal ecosystems. The lack of discipline in the supervision and implementation of spatial regulations resulted in inconsistencies between urban spatial planning and land use facts. This study aims to see the inconsistency between spatial planning of the city with the real conditions in the field so it can be used as an evaluation material to optimize the planning of the urban space in the future. This study used satellite image interpretation, spatial analysis, and projection analysis using markov cellular automata, as well as consistency evaluation for spatial planning policy. The results show that there has been a significant increase of open spaces during 2001-2015 and physical development was relatively spreading irregularly and indicated the urban sprawl phenomenon. There has been an open area deficits for the green open space in 2015-2031, such as integrated maritime, ports, and warehousing zones. Several islands in Makassar City are predicted to have their built-up areas decreased, especially in Lanjukang Island, Langkai Island, Kodingareng Lompo Island, Bone Tambung Island, Kodingareng Keke Island and Samalona Island. Meanwhile, the increase of the built up area is predicted to occur in Lumu Island, Barrang Caddi Island, Barrang Lompo Island, Lae-lae Island, and Kayangan Island. The land cover is caused by the human activities. Many land conversions do not comply with the provision of percentage of green open space allocation in the integrated strategic areas, established in the spatial plan. Thus, have the potential of conflict in the spatial plan of marine and small islands in Makassar City.

KARAKTERISASI SPEKTRAL KONDISI PADANG LAMUN MENGGUNAKAN CITRA LANDSAT 8 OLI

The high level of human activity in coastal areas has had an impact on seagrass beds. The advancement of satellite imaging technology makes monitoring seaweed conditions even easier. The purpose of this study was to identify the spectral reflectance patterns of different seagrass cover levels and make it the basis for mapping the seagrass condition on Barranglompo Island. Based on google earth has been determined 4 sampling stations that represent the spread of seagrass on Barranglompo Island. Each station is divided into 4 sub-stations from land to sea. Sampling of seagrass cover was carried out by the McKenzie (2003) method modified by close sampling, to 30 x 30 square meters following the spatial resolution of Landsat image 8. Each observation point was estimated the percentage of seagrass cover and the dominant species. Digital seagrass pixel extraction is performed from band 1 to 7 landsat 8 according to point position in the field and then grouped by cover class and condition. Seagrasses found in Barranglampo Island are 8 species: Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Halophila ovalis, Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serulata, Halodule uninervis, Halodule pinifolia and Syringodium isoetifolium. In general, Enhalus acoroides and Thalassia hemprichii have higher closure than other seagrass species. The spectral reflection of seagrass landscape imagery 8 OLI channel 1 - 7 is good enough to show the seagrass condition in bad category, good enough, and good. Spectral reflection of the seagrass has a peak on the green channel. The worse the seagrass condition the higher the spectral reflection. Seagrass with bad conditions has a low cover so that other substrates such as sand will contribute to the spectral value recorded by satellite sensors. This result will facilitate mapping of seagrass condition on small islands by using Landsat 8 OLI image.Keywords: seagrass condition, spectral reflection, landsat 8, South Sulawesi

“The Lost Princess (putri duyung)” of the Small Islands: Dugongs around Sulawesi in the Anthropocene

In the Spermonde as in the other main island groups around Sulawesi, seagrass and coral ecosystems are intimately linked ecologically and overlap extensively on the shallow water shelves surrounding most islands. One keystone species living in these shallow waters is the dugong (Dugong dugon). Officially fully protected under Indonesian Law (PP7/1999), published data on dugongs in the islands around Sulawesi are extremely limited. In this research, we collected, compiled and evaluated data and information (mostly unpublished) on the distribution, exploitation and community perceptions of dugongs around Sulawesi, including the Togean, Banggai, Spermonde, Taka Bone Rate/Selayar and Tanakeke Islands. Opportunities for dugong conservation, and potential benefits for coral reef ecosystems in a small island socio-ecological context, were considered. Once common within living memory, socio-economic data indicate that Sulawesi dugongs are now rare and under severe threat. Many fishing communities consider dugong meat superior to beef, and see it as a welcome change from fish, while certain body parts fetch a high price, as do dugong tears. In the Spermonde Islands, dugongs may already have been extirpated; the most recent reported sighting was in 1993 when the capture of an adult dugong by fishermen of Barranglompo Island resulted in an impromptu festival. All these Sulawesi small islands communities have dugong princess (putri duyung) legends with potential as an entry-point to hearts and minds. Preventing further extirpations and striving to bring back the “lost princess” could be an iconic component of moving towards sustainability in small-island socio-ecological systems.

Effect of Natural Feed on Feed Consumption Level and Feed Conversion Ratio of Tropical Abalone <i>Haliotis asinina</i> on Sea Cage

The research was conducted from June to August 2015 in Barrang Lompo Island, District Ujung Tanah, Makassar. The animal sample used was abalone measuring 3 - 4 cm with the initial weight 6.2 g. The experimental design in this reaserch used Completely Randomized Design (CRD). There are three kinds of treatment are (A) Gracillaria sp., (B) Halymenia sp., and (C) Sargassum sp. The results showed that the different types of feed giving a very significant influence towards of level consumption and feed convertion ratio (FCR). The highest level of feed consumption on feed treatment is Gracillaria sp., while the best feed conversion ratio on feed treatment is Sargassum sp.

PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KARAKTER ILMIAH SISWA SMP

ABSTRACT Indonesia is experiencing a crisis that led to the occurrence of horizontal conflicts among its citizens. This crisis is an indication that the characters of Indonesian people declined and deviated from the appreciation and the practice of Pancasila’s values as a foundation of the Republic of Indonesia (RI). To overcome this problem, the local wisdom as a cultural element must be integrated into learning process to enhance the scientific characters of students such as honesty. This is a steering normative for character education in schools or educational unit. A’bulo sibatang is one of the local wisdom which still exists and upheld in Barrang Lompo Island’s community and a rudimentary foundation to build a model of learning based on local wisdom. Learning physics model based on this local wisdom met the criteria of validity and practicality, and was found to increase the scientific honesty of students effectively. This model can be applied to any other place in accordance with the characteristics of the study site, the subject of research, and the educators who will become educator’s model.

Densitas Simbion Alga Zooxanthellae pada Anemon Laut Stichodactyla gigantea Alam dan Hasil Reproduksi Aseksual

The aims of this research were to discover the density of algae symbiont of zooxanthellae in the giant carpet anemone (Stichodactyla gigantea) from the nature and the asexual reproduction by longitudinal body fragmentation technique. The research was conducted from October 2007 to July 2008, in The Hatchery of University of Hasanuddin Marine Station in Barrang Lompo Island for seed production and coral reefs area of Barrang Lompo Island for the implementation of culture. The series of study was started with parental collection and acclimatization of anemones, fragmentation of the body, culturing anemones in the coral reefs area and collection of algae zooxanthellae which is conducted every two months. The results of this study indicated the difference of zooxanthellae density from nature and asexual reproduction anemones. The highest density of zooxanthellae algae found in the non fragmented or nature population (AA) (10.84 x 106 cell/cm2), followed by the anemone which was resulted from 2 parts body fragmentation (AF2) (10.24 x 106 cells/cm2), and the anemone which was resulted from 4 parts body fragmentation (AF4) (9.17 x 106 cell/cm2 ). Whereas, between the good coral (KB) and bad coral (KR) not significant.

English

This paper is based on one of the topics in a dissertation “Capital Social, State and Market in Fisherman Communities in Small Islands (a Case Study in Barrang Lompo Island Makassar-South Sulawesi Province)”. The research was conducted approximately in one year and specific for this paper, the research lasted for six months. Data were collected through in-depth interview and limited observation on twelve informants selected through snowball sampling. Data then were analyzed qualitatively to explain research’s data and facts. Research result shows that market penetration through the rapid flow of incoming goods, services and people to the island and commercialization of marine products in fisherman communities in small islands for the last ten years has diminished the values prevailed in and obeyed by the communities. On the other side, however, it has created additional values in the communities, whereas some other values have shifted to new forms. Key words:  The impact, social capital changes, fisherman communities, market penetration, commercialization, local community and trust.

Increasing CO<sub>2</sub> Concentration Impact upon Natural Phytoplankton Community at Spermonde Island, Indonesia: Mesocosm Study

Ocean acidification is one of an environment problem due to increasing CO 2 concentration. Ocean acidification have shown a negatively impact to marine organisms especially calcifying organisms such as microalgae, coral reef and other invertebrate organisms. Decreasing in carbonate saturation state on the calcification rates of individual species and communities in both planktonic and benthic habitats were occurred due to seawater acidification. The study was conducted at three locations: Barru, Takalar and Barrang Lompo Island using mesocosm technique with two different of incubation periods (48 and 96 hours). Six pCO 2 level based on adding acid base treatments were used, which were 280, 380, 550, 650, 750 and 1000 ppm with 4 replicates In general, alkalinity decreased with increasing CO 2 concentration. However, length of incubation was showed no significant affected to DIC for all CO 2 concentration at Barru and Barrang Lompo mesocosm experiment. PIC and POC showed a varied response between all locations of mesocosms experiment. There was a trend where increasing of POC with increasing of CO 2 concentration. PIC concentration at Barru and Takalar showed a slightl higher at 96 hours than 48 hours of incubation period and for Barrang Lompo mesocosm experiment PIC was higher at 48 hours than 96 hours of incubation period. Chlorophyll a and cell abundance was decresing with increasing CO 2 concentration. Growth, photosynthesis and calcification rate decreased with increasing CO 2 concentration.

Seksualitas dan Perkembangan Gamet Sponge Laut Aaptos aaptos Schmidt

This research was aimed to know the characteristics of gamet development of marine sponge Aaptos aaptos living in tropical waters of Barrang Lompo Island, Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi. In order to know gamet development, it was conducted three periods of sample collection at each moon phase. After sample collection, the specimen were put into tissue cassette and then were removed to fixative solution of FAACC (for 100 mL = 10 mL formaldehyde solution of 37–40%: 5 mL glacial acetic acid: 1.3 g calcium chloride dihydrate: 85 mL destilate water) for +48 hours, and then were removed to 70% alcohol for temporary storage before doing histological preparation following standard procedure. Sexuality of marine sponge Aaptos aaptos living in Barrang Lompo Island is gonochoric. Spermatocyt developed in spermatic cyst, while oocyt developed in the mesohyl. Stage of male gamet development was divided into four phases i.e. spermatocyt I phase, spermatocyt II phase, spermatocyt III phase, and spermatocyt IV (spermatid) phase, similarly, female gamet develop- ment was divided into four phases i.e. oocyt I phase, oocyt II phase, oocyt III, oocyt IV phase. Each phase of gamet development had specific characterstics different from among each others.

Komunitas Lamun di Pulau Barranglompo Makassar: Kondisi dan Karakteristik Habitat

Indication on seagrass decline has been observed in many places including Barranglompo Island of Makassar. Condition of damaged seagrass has significant impacts to the roles of seagrass as habitat, spawning ground, and feeding ground for various marine organisms and also role of seagrass as carbon absorbent and stocks. In order to provide a reference for appropriate seagrass management and conservation, it is required data on seagrass habitat. A research was done in Barranglompo Island, Makassar from December 2010 to November 2011. Seagrass condition was observed based on McKenzie et al . (2001) and Balestri et al . (2003). This research showed that large seagrass coverage was dispersed in southern, western and northern sides of the island. Meanwhile, seagrass spesies with wider distribution were E. acoroides, T. hemprichii and C.rotundata .

FISH COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN DIFFERENT SEAGRASS BEDS OF BARRANG LOMPO ISLAND

<p>The importance of seagrass meadows as a habitat for fishes, including several of economic importance, is widely acknowledged. The complexity of seagrass beds might offer a different condition of habitat for fishes. The physical nature of the seagrass canopy is thought to play a major role, potentially influencing available shelter, food, and protection from predators. Structural complexity of seagrass such as shoot and leaf density is also an important factor in determining ecological function of seagrass in the marine environment. The objective of the research is to assess the ecological function of different seagrass beds (in terms of spesies and density) in supporting fish community. The study found 28 species of fish originating from 14 families and Pomacentridae were dominantly found. Abundance of fish found to be higher in seagrass beds with high densities both composed by one species of seagrass (monospesific) or by more than one species of seagrass (multispesific), compared to the seagrass beds with low density and bare areas. Fish community diversity index was found higher in dense seagrass beds composed of many species of seagrass compared to the rare and consists of only one species of seagrass. The presence of epiphytes as nutrients for the fish that live in seagrass beds may contribute to the finding.</p><p>Keywords: Seagrass, fish, Barrang Lompo Island</p>

FISH COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN DIFFERENT SEAGRASS BEDS OF BARRANG LOMPO ISLAND

The importance of seagrass meadows as a habitat for fishes, including several of economic importance, is widely acknowledged. The complexity of seagrass beds might offer a different condition of habitat for fishes. The physical nature of the seagrass canopy is thought to play a major role, potentially influencing available shelter, food, and protection from predators. Structural complexity of seagrass such as shoot and leaf density is also an important factor in determining ecological function of seagrass in the marine environment. The objective of the research is to assess the ecological function of different seagrass beds (in terms of spesies and density) in supporting fish community. The study found 28 species of fish originating from 14 families and Pomacentridae were dominantly found. Abundance of fish found to be higher in seagrass beds with high densities both composed by one species of seagrass (monospesific) or by more than one species of seagrass (multispesific), compared to the seagrass beds with low density and bare areas. Fish community diversity index was found higher in dense seagrass beds composed of many species of seagrass compared to the rare and consists of only one species of seagrass. The presence of epiphytes as nutrients for the fish that live in seagrass beds may contribute to the finding.Keywords: Seagrass, fish, Barrang Lompo Island

Identifikasi Awal Bakteri pada Juwana Trochus niloticus Linn. dan Tridacna squamosa Linn. Asal Hatchery Pulau Barrang Lompo Makassar

The research on early identification of bacterial from juveniles top shell (Trochus niloticus L.) and giant clam (Tridacna squamosa Linn.) was conducted at Unhas’s hatchery at Barrang Lompo island during August-October 2006. Bacteriology test was done at Microbiology Laboratory of Biology Department, Math and Science Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. The quantitative test was done using Most Probable Number (MPN) and Standard Plate Count (SPC) methods. While the qualitative test included bacteria colony observation, macroscopic, microscopic, and biochemical test. Macroscopic observation was done by assessing the form, elevation, color, ridge, and inner structure of bacterial colony. Microscopic observation was conducted by using Gram and spora stain. The result of MPN method shows the average total bacteria for juveniles top shell is 17.5 x 102 cell/ml and for giant clam is 6.65 x 102 cell/ml, while SPC results indicate the average total bacteria for juveniles top shell is 4.8 x 105 cell/ml and for giant clam is 3.0 x 105 cell/ml, respectively. The result of biochemical test identifies 5 genera of bacteria such as Micrococcus, Bacillus, Streptomyces, Escherichia and Enterobacter.

ESTIMATION OF SEAGRASS COVERAGE BY DEPTH INVARIANT INDICES ON QUICKBIRD IMAGERY

Management of seagrass ecosystem requires availability of information on the actual condition of seagrass coverage. Remote sensing technology for seagrass mapping has been used to detect the presence of seagrass coverage,  but so far no information on the condition of seagrass could be obtained. Therefore, a research is required using remote sensing imagery to obtain information on the condition of seagrass coverage. The aim of this research is to formulate mathematical relationship between seagrass coverage and depth invariant indices on Quickbird imagery. Transformation was done on multispectral bands which could detect sea floor objects that are in the region of blue, green and red bands. The study areas covered are the seas around Barranglompo Island and Barrangcaddi Island, westward of Makassar city, Indonesia. Various seagrass coverages were detected within the region under study. Mathematical relationship between seagrass coverage and depth invariant indices was obtained by multiple linear regression method. Percentage of seagrass coverage (C) was obtained by transformation of depth invariant indices (Xij) on Quickbird imagery, with transformation equation as follows: C = 19.934 – 63.347 X12 + 23.239 X23. A good accuracy of 75% for the seagrass coverage was obtained by transformation of depth invariant indices (Xij) on Quickbird imagery.  Keywords: seagrass coverage, depth invariant index

Studi Penerimaan dan Preferensi Konsumen terhadap Minyak Goreng Curah yang Difortifikasi Vitamin A

Vitamin A fortification in unbranded palm oil is an alternative solution to overcome Vitamin A deficiency problem. It, however, needs further study to determine consumer acceptance and preference of the Vitamin Afortified unbranded palm oil in order to make the fortified oil is acceptable and consumed by consumer. This study was divided into two steps, they are field study, held in Barrang Lompo Island - Makassar and Babakan Village - Bogor, and laboratory study, held in Organoleptic Laboratory and Food Processing Laboratory in Department of Community Nutrition, Bogor Agricultural University. Percentage of panelist assessment and non-parametric statistical test (Kruskal- Wallis Test) was used to measure consumer acceptance and preference of fortified unbranded palm oil. The result of this study indicated that the color and aroma of fortified unbranded palm oil is accepted by the consumer. The color, aroma, and taste of food that processed with fortified unbranded palm oil were also accepted by the consumer. The complaint during the usage of fortified unbranded palm oil were mainly caused by the way consumer used and storing the sample. Thus, it can be concluded that there were no change between fortified unbranded palm oil characteristics, both used in a controlled circumstances (laboratory) and in an uncontrolled circumstances (household).

THE SUCCESSFUL TRANSPLANTATION OF ACROPORA MICROPHTHALMA AT BARRANG LOMPO REEF EDGE< SOUTH SULAWESI

Research on transplantation of Acropora microphthalma was conducted at Barrang Lompo Island reef edge of South Sulawesi from September to December 2002. The aim of this research was to know the successful rate of several coral transplantation methods for rehabilitation of coral reefs, covering the survival and growth rates. The methods used were framework earthenware (FE), iron stake (IS), dead coral tying (DCT), where the mother colony (MC) was used as control. These transplantation techniques were applied at five meter depth in two stations, north and south sites of the island. The survival rate for each method FE, IS, DCT and MC at the northern station was 85.71; 42.86; 85.71; 57.14%, while for southern station was 85.71; 85.71; 71.43 and 85.71%, respectively. The growth rates observed for each method at the first station were 2.18; 2.02; 1.40; 1.05 cm, and for the second station were 2.56; 2.21; 1.61; 1.04 cm, respectively.

Distribution and covering percentage of sponge (Porifera) in different coral reef condition and depth in Barranglompo Island, South Sulawesi

In 1996, four specieses of sponge namely Auletta sp., Callyspongia pseudoreticulata, Callyspongia sp., and Halichondria sp. have been potentially identified as bacteriside for fishery commodities. Nevertheless, information on sponge distribution, its covering percentage, and its habitate are still very little. Observation on distribution and abundance of sponge was conducted in the Southeastern and theNorthwestern part of Barranglompo Island, South Sulawesi, using scuba diving set and under water writting tools. At first, coral reef condition in 3 and 10 m depths up to 100 m length of shore line were observed in both stations, using “lifeform method”. Then distribution and covering percentage of sponge, biotic and abiotic factor in 3, 6, 9, and 12 m depths in both stations were examined using “square transect method”. The result showed that different coral reef condition qualitatively causes different of sponge species distribution, but quantitatively not significantly different (P>0,05) on its covering percentage. It was also found that generally sponge grows better at thedead coral where no other biotic organism around.© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey word: distribution, covering percetage, sponge, habitat, Barranglompo Island

Beberapa Aspek Pertumbuhan Lamun Enhalus acoroides (Linn. F) Royle di Pulau Barrang Lompo Makassar

A study has been conducted to investigate some aspects related to seagrass Enhalus acoroides growth in Barrang Lompo Island Makassar by using a modified tagging method. Tagging was applied monthly to 20 seagrass stands for seven months with weekly observations. The results showed that Enhalus acoroides growth had a quadratic pattern and was strongly affected by exposed environmental condition, turbidity, nutrient, and temperature .