Barnabas Lindars Research Articles

The Son of Man Problem: Critical Readings

This book is a welcome addition to T&T Clark’s series Critical Readings in Biblical Studies. Reynolds should be commended for his work in selecting, editing, and bringing together previously published essays in order to illuminate the “Son of Man Problem” and the ensuing “Son of Man Debate” (p. xiii). The volume contains an opening introductory essay followed by four sections addressing the different issues involved in the problem. Each section has the same structure: a short introductory essay about the issue of the section, a number of articles addressing the issue, and an annotated bibliography. In the short introductory essay, Reynolds summarizes each article and indicates its significance to the topic. The annotated bibliography lists a few other significant articles and monographs (between 7 and 11) that could be pursued for further study of the topic that did not make it into the essays contained in the section.Reynolds starts the work with a longer opening essay that introduces the volume as a whole. It discusses the significance of the issue at hand, describes the debate about the term Son of Man, sketches out a brief history of scholarship, and then outlines three “methodological challenges” in the debate (diachronic or synchronic approaches, titular or non-titular use of “the Son of Man,” and the issues around the authenticity of Jesus’s saying). All of this is done for the reader in order to place the ensuing articles in the broader scholarly context. It is an excellent essay in its own right that clearly and critically summarizes the situation.The first section then considers issues of debate and method. The eight essays address the possibility of an answer to the debate and the various means by which any such answer can be ascertained. They are written by luminaries such as A. J. B. Higgins, C. D. F. Moule, M. D. Hooker, Carsten Colpe, Maurice Casey, F. H. Borsch, I. Howard Marshall, and Larry H. Hurtado.The second section covers the solutions to the problem that are reached on idiomatic grounds. There are seven essays in this section: two by Geza Vermes and one each by J. A. Fitzmyer, Richard Bauckham, Maurice Casey, Paul Owen and David Shepherd, and P. J. Williams.The third section presents eight essays grouped under the heading “Danielic Origins of ‘the Son of Man.’” As the title indicates, these essays by T. W. Manson, Norman Perrin, Ragnar Leivestad, Barnabas Lindars, W. Horbury, Adela Yarbro Collins, John J. Collins, and Lester L. Grabbe all examine the links between the “Son of Man” and Daniel.The final section contains four essays on the important topic “one like a son of man” in the Greek versions of Dan 7. The essays are by Johan Lust, Loren T. Stuckenbruck, Otfried Hofius and Reynolds himself.The volume concludes with a select bibliography (that goes well beyond the essays contained in the volume and the annotated bibliographies), and indexes of references, authors, and subjects.There are multiple strengths to this volume that make it an attractive starting point for any research on the “Son of Man.” Not only does it bring together the key articles in the debate in one place for ease of reference, but they are grouped in a way that enables students to get a handle on the issues and the methods used to answer the question quickly. The annotated bibliography at the end of each section removes the possible objection of selection bias because it lists articles and monographs that are significant but that were not included in the volume. The annotation enables a reader to consider which of these works they need to consult further. As such, it stimulates research even with materials not reproduced in full in the volume. Consequently, this book will not just enable readers to understand the debate but also position them well to undertake new research.While not all will agree with Reynolds’s selection of important essays or possible shaping of the debate by the headings used to group the articles, my greatest fear for the volume is its possible self-defeating nature. If it achieves its goals of helping readers enter the debate so that new solutions are proposed, then the volume will be dated because it does not contain the results of its own labor. Should this be the case, and I hope it will, then it will call for a second edition.Overall, this is an excellent volume that provides many of the key essays on a much debated and important topic in an easily accessible way. Students and scholars undertaking research on the “Son of Man” will thank Reynolds for his work on their behalf.

The Letter to the Hebrews: Critical Readings ed. by Scott D. Mackie

Reviewed by: The Letter to the Hebrews: Critical Readings ed. by Scott D. Mackie George H. Guthrie scott d. mackie (ed.), The Letter to the Hebrews: Critical Readings (T&T Clark Critical Readings in Biblical Studies; London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2018). Pp. xv + 514. $202. Recent decades have witnessed a growing number of learned contributions to the study of Hebrews. These studies, scattered about in journals and collections of essays, are accessible—but not readily so. Enter Scott Mackie's compilation of English-language pieces that reach back to classic essays of the mid-twentieth century but especially showcase cutting-edge research of past three decades (my own essay, originally published in 2003, is included in part 6 of the book, but I had no other involvement in the publication). This collection is the third in T&T Clark's Critical Readings in Biblical Studies series. The book has an introduction by M. on critical debates currently swirling around Hebrews research, followed by six parts covering various research areas. Each part begins with an introduction by the editor, in which he presents an overview of the topic(s) addressed in that part. Some will feel the urge to push back on certain assumptions in these reflections, but generally they offer students a helpful, big-picture orientation to the topic about to be addressed in the essays that follow. The introduction concludes with a summary of each essay in that part, followed by the essays themselves. One of the most helpful elements in the book comes with the annotated "Suggestions for Further Reading" at the end of each part, which proposes for consideration important monographs as well as articles and essays. Part 1, "Theology, Christology, and Pneumatology," begins with John P. Meier's "Structure and Theology in Heb 1,1-14," followed by C. K. Barrett's, "The Christology of Hebrews." Then comes Kenneth L. Schenck's, "A Celebration of the Enthroned Son: The Catena of Hebrews 1," followed by Harold W. Attridge's, "God in Hebrews: Urging Children to Heavenly Glory." Martin Emmrich offers a reflection on Hebrews' pneumatology in "Pneuma in Hebrews: Prophet and Interpreter," and "Brotherly Love and the High Priest Christology of Hebrews" is the title of the chapter by Patrick Gray. Finally, Christopher Richardson turns specifically to the backdrop of the suffering of the Son in "The Passion: Reconsidering Hebrews 5.7-8." Part 2, entitled "Eschatology," begins with C. K. Barrett's influential article "The Eschatology of the Epistle to the Hebrews" and then turns to A. T. Lincoln, "Sabbath, Rest, and Eschatology in the New Testament." Kenneth L. Schenck's, "Philo and the Epistle to the Hebrews: Ronald Williamson's Study after Thirty Years" focuses on the striking connections between Hebrews and the Hellenistic Jewish philosopher, even while acknowledging that Hebrews is oriented to an apocalyptic framework. In part 3 ("The Author and the Addressed Community"), Barnabas Lindars's "The [End Page 766] Rhetorical Structure of Hebrews" focuses to a great extent on the situation of the audience. Walter Übelacker's "Hebrews and the Implied Author's Rhetorical Ethos," while also dealing with the community's circumstances, treats the way the author presents himself to his audience. In reality, the two articles in part 3, both of which deal with aspects of rhetoric, could have been combined with those in part 4, "Structure, Greco-Roman Rhetoric, and Hortatory Strategy." This fourth part begins with David A. deSilva's "Exchanging Favor for Wrath: Apostasy in Hebrews and Patron–Client Relationship." Craig R. Koester then addresses "Hebrews, Rhetoric, and the Future of Humanity," followed by Michael W. Martin and Jason A. Whitlark, who, in "Choosing What Is Advantageous: The Relationship between Epideictic and Deliberative Syncrisis in Hebrews," close part 4 with reflection on the rhetorical art of comparison as an organizing principle for the book. Part 5, "The Old Testament and the Relationship with Contemporaneous Judaism," takes up both the use of the Jewish Scriptures in Hebrews and the sociocultural context of the book. This part begins with George B. Caird's classic piece "The Exegetical Method of the Epistle to the Hebrews" and then turns to George H. Guthrie's overview in "Hebrews' Use...

The Son of Man Debate Revisited (1960-2010)

In a lecture delivered in 1965 and published in 1967, I argued that the Greek expression ‘son of man’ in the Gospels represented an Aramaic phrase which in the context of a monologue or dialogue stood as an exclusive but veiled reference to the speaker. The published paper, based on examples collected mostly from Galilean rabbinic Aramaic texts, was followed by a substantial debate in which Maurice Casey and Barnabas Lindars introduced the idea of a generic expression also including the speaker. J. A. Fitzmyer objected to the use of late rabbinic literature and championed biblical and Qumran Middle Aramaic as the only valid comparative material. Finally, Paul Owen and David Shepherd concluded their survey of the Aramaic evidence by asserting that the examples supplied by me did not provide solid linguistic ground for my thesis. This article, re-examining 50 years of debate, sets out to refute the objections and reformulate the self-reference theory.

Barnabas Lindars and the Semitic context of Scripture

Barnabas Lindars and the Semitic context of Scripture

Judges 1–5: A New Translation and Commentary. By Barnabas Lindars. Edinburgh, T&T Clark, 1995. Pp. xxxiii + 302. £24.95.

Judges 1–5: A New Translation and Commentary. By Barnabas Lindars. Edinburgh, T&T Clark, 1995. Pp. xxxiii + 302. £24.95.

Judges 1-5: A New Translation and Commentary (review)

Hebrew Sludies 38 (1997) 129 Reviews plunderers become the plunder. One could continue this type of analysis of Sisera's mother from the perspective of the other approaches presented in Vee's volume, but let me instead conclude by noting that this volume would have been greatly improved if an attempt had been made to make the approaches interactive, to get them to challenge each other in a constructive way. Perhaps all writers could have provided an interpretation of a single passage in Judges, each from the perspective of the specific approach they discuss. Despite this shortcoming, this volume is a very useful and instructive work, well worth the reader's time. I recommend it highly. Alan J. Hauser Appalachian Slale University Boone, NC 28608 JUDGES 1-5: A NEW TRANSLATION AND COMMENTARY. By Barnabas Lindars. Pp. xxxiii + 302. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1995. Cloth. At the time of his death in 1991, Barnabas Lindars, Ryelands Professor of Biblical Criticism and Exegesis at the University of Manchester, was preparing a commentary on Judges for the new International Critical Commentary series. Given the nature of the work, it was not possible for another scholar to complete Lindars' research. Since the work on the first five chapters of Judges had been completed, it was decided that the book should be published independently. The book has been lightly edited by A. D. H. Mayes, who also provides a brief, four-page introduction to the commentary. This is a difficult work to review, given its incomplete nature. The treatment of the materials follows the fonnat of the earlier ICC commentaries . Lindars provides a general introduction to each section, which is determined on literary grounds. This is followed by a translation of the entire section, a new and helpful feature for the ICC. The decision to print the translation in a very small typeface, however, was not a good choice. He then provides more detailed analysis of each of the subsections of the division, concluding the section with a presentation of the major text-critical problems associated with the materials considered. Lindars displays a rather conservative historical-critical approach to the accounts contained in Judges. He recognizes that the final fonn of Judges dates to the exile and the latest edition of the deuteronomistic history, but Hebrew Studies 38 (1997) 130 Reviews despite this late date for the final composition of the work, he treats the "period of the Judges" as an actual historical epoch and maintains that the basic materials contained in the work reliably reflect the tribal origins of Israel, a position that places the analysis in contrast to more recent archaeological theories of Israelite origins. The original introduction is contained in 2:7 and 10. The remainder of 2:6-3:6 has been added as the result of the addition of the prelude (1:1-2:5) at the hand of the latest redactor. This prelude was added in an attempt to make a smooth transition from Joshua to Judges. The relationship of 1:1-2:5 to Joshua 13-19 is recognized, but not fully developed. After a detailed consideration of the prelude and introduction, with careful notice given to the development of the deuteronomistic pattern that characterizes Judges until the death of Samson (16:31), Lindars turns to a consideration of the "Judges" ofIsrael (3:7-5:31). These accounts were developed from local hero-legends, excepting the so-called "minor" judges, who do not fit the pattern. These old traditions of the judges were first collected by the historian who composed the original introduction to the work. The account of Othniel (3:7-11) presents the complete paradigm of the pattern of the judges (see the chart of elements on p. 100). While recognizing the difficulties associated with the artificial nature of this section, Lindars treats it as though it were derived from a written source describing some actual historical events that have now been glossed and expanded to form the present account. The same approach is used in the analysis of Ehud (3:12-30), a story which, according to Lindars, is much older than its setting. The verse regarding Shamgar (3:31) is a late insertion into...

The So-CalledPericope De Adultera

No one who is at all familiar with New Testament studies can fail to be fascinated by the extraordinary range of problems surrounding the so-calledpericope de adultera, which appears in some translations as John 7.53–8.11 but which ‘has no fixed place in our witnesses’. ‘By a happy chance’, as the late Barnabas Lindars put it, ‘this fragment from an unknown work has been preserved in the MS tradition of John.’ Its absence from most reliable MSS, and the diversity of readings within the minority of MSS which include it at some point, are sufficiently problematic to prod the creative imagination of critical scholarship into remarkable productivity from time to time, and any new MS discovery is sure to reinvig-orate debate on this particular cause célèbre.

The Theology of the Letter to the Hebrews

Book Review| July 01 1994 The Theology of the Letter to the Hebrews The Theology of the Letter to the Hebrews, Barnabas Lindars. L. D. Hurst L. D. Hurst Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Biblical Literature (1994) 113 (2): 353–355. https://doi.org/10.2307/3266541 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation L. D. Hurst; The Theology of the Letter to the Hebrews. Journal of Biblical Literature 1 January 1994; 113 (2): 353–355. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3266541 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveSBL PressJournal of Biblical Literature Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

The Theology of the Second Letter to the Corinthians by Jerome Murphy-O’Connor OP (Cambridge: University Press, 1991, xii + 166 pp., hb. £22.50, pb. £7.95)/The Theology of the Letter to the Hebrews by Barnabas Lindars SSF (Cambridge: University Press, 1991, xiv + 155 pp., hb. £22.50, pb. £7.95)/The Theology of the Johannine Epistles by Judith Lieu (Cambridge: University Press, 1991,

The Theology of the Second Letter to the Corinthians by Jerome Murphy-O’Connor OP (Cambridge: University Press, 1991, xii + 166 pp., hb. £22.50, pb. £7.95)/The Theology of the Letter to the Hebrews by Barnabas Lindars SSF (Cambridge: University Press, 1991, xiv + 155 pp., hb. £22.50, pb. £7.95)/The Theology of the Johannine Epistles by Judith Lieu (Cambridge: University Press, 1991,

Semitisms and Septuagintalisms in the Book of Revelation

The grammatical peculiarities in the Greek of the book of Revelation have long been noted. In his recent SNTS monograph Steven Thompson re-examines ‘the peculiar language associated with the verb and with clauses in the Apc which have for centuries been a source of perplexity and misunderstanding’. The major portion of this work, based on his dissertation under Matthew Black, looks at the ‘un-Greek use of the verb’ and attributes it to ‘the influence of Semitic syntax, primarily biblical Hebrew’. Reviewers have observed that Thompson uses evidence mostly from the LXX, without directly considering the influence of the LXX itself. Barnabas Lindars evaluates the evidence as suggesting ‘familiarity with the biblical Hebrew and its representation in LXX’. Max Wilcox notes Thompson's dependence on the LXX as a major weakness in the argument: ‘it is also necessary to show why those constructions may not owe their presence in Revelation to some form of influence of the LXX or perhaps even to a deliberate modelling of the language and style of the book on that of Old Testament Hebrew or Aramaic in translation’.

It is Written: Scripture Citing Scripture Essays in Honour of Barnabas Lindars, SSF edited by D. A. Carson and H. G. M. Williamson (Cambridge University Press, 1988. xx + 381 pp. hb. £37.50)

It is Written: Scripture Citing Scripture Essays in Honour of Barnabas Lindars, SSF edited by D. A. Carson and H. G. M. Williamson (Cambridge University Press, 1988. xx + 381 pp. hb. £37.50)

Law and Religion: Essays on the Place of Law in Israel and Early Christianity. Edited by Barnabas Lindars. Cambridge, James Clarke, 1988. Pp. xvi + 209. £ 25.00.

Law and Religion: Essays on the Place of Law in Israel and Early Christianity. Edited by Barnabas Lindars. Cambridge, James Clarke, 1988. Pp. xvi + 209. £ 25.00.

REVIEWS

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access Salvation-History in the Prologue of John. The Significance of John 1: 3/4. By ED. L. MILLER. Pp. ix + 119. (Supplements to Novum Testamentum, 60.) Leiden: Brill, 1989. Gld 60. BARNABAS LINDARS, SSF BARNABAS LINDARS, SSF Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume 42, Issue 1, April 1991, Pages 225–227, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/42.1.225 Published: 01 April 1991

It is Written: Scripture Citing Scripture. Essays in Honour of Barnabas Lindars, SSF. Edited by D. A. Carson and H. G. M. Williamson. Cambridge University Press, 1988. Pp. xx + 381. £37.50.

It is Written: Scripture Citing Scripture. Essays in Honour of Barnabas Lindars, SSF. Edited by D. A. Carson and H. G. M. Williamson. Cambridge University Press, 1988. Pp. xx + 381. £37.50. - Volume 43 Issue 3

Book Review: It is Written: Scripture Citing Scripture. Essays in Honor of Barnabas Lindars

Book Review: It is Written: Scripture Citing Scripture. Essays in Honor of Barnabas Lindars

It Is Written: Scripture Citing Scripture. Essays in Honour of Barnabas Lindars, SSF (review)

It Is Written: Scripture Citing Scripture. Essays in Honour of Barnabas Lindars, SSF (review)

It is Written: Scripture Citing Scripture. Essays in Honour of Barnabas Lindars, edited by D. A. CARSON and H. G. M. WILLIAMSON, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1988, xx and 381 pp., cloth, £ 37.50

It is Written: Scripture Citing Scripture. Essays in Honour of Barnabas Lindars, edited by D. A. CARSON and H. G. M. WILLIAMSON, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1988, xx and 381 pp., cloth, £ 37.50

REVIEWS

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access It is Written: Scripture Citing Scripture. Essays in Honour of Barnabas Lindars, SSF. Edited by D. A. CARSON and H. G. M. WILLIAMSON. Pp. xx + 381. Frontispiece. Cambridge University Press, 1988. £37.50/$59.50. K. GRAYSTON K. GRAYSTON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume 40, Issue 2, October 1989, Pages 543–545, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/40.2.543 Published: 01 October 1989

REVIEWS

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access Jesus Son of Man. A Fresh Examination of the Son of Man Sayings in the Gospels in the Light of Recent Research. By SSF. BARNABAS LINDARS, Pp. xi+244. London: SPCK, 1983. £15. G. N. STANTON G. N. STANTON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume 37, Issue 2, October 1986, Pages 517–519, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/37.2.517 Published: 01 October 1986

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: The Story of Israel between Settlement and Exile. By A.D.H. Mayes. Deuteronomic History. By Terence E. Fretheim. Wisdom and Law in the Old Testament: The Ordering of Life in Israel and Early Judaism. By Joseph Blenkinsopp. Jesus Son of Man. By Barnabas Lindars. The Message of Mark. By Morna D. Hooker. The Legend and the Apostle: The Battle for Paul in Story and Canon. By Dennis Ronald MacDonald. Studies of the Church in History: Essays in Honor of Robert S. Paul on his Sixty‐Fifth Birthday. Edited by Morton Davies. Greek Rhetoric under Christian Emperors. By George A. Kennedy. Cyril of Alexandria: Select Letters. Edited and translated by Lionel R. Wickham. Gregory Palamas: The Triads. Edited with an introduction by John Meyendorff, translation by Nicholas Gendle, preface by Jaroslav Pelikan. John Climacus: The Ladder of Divine Ascent. Translated by Colm Luibheid and Norman Russell (with notes by Norman Russell), introduction by Kallistos Ware, preface by Colm Luibheid. Akathistos, Byzantine Hymn to the Mother of God. Translated for chant and choral recitation by Paul M. Addison. John Climacus: The Ladder of Divine Ascent. Translated by Colm Luibheid and Norman Russell (with notes by Norman Russell), introduction by Kallistos Ware, preface by Colm Luibheid. Akathistos, Byzantine Hymn to the Mother of God. Translated for chant and choral recitation by Paul M. Addison. The Cistercian Alternative. By Andre Louf. The Implications of Literacy: Written Language and Models of Interpretation in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries. By Brian Stock. Politics, Finance and the Church in the Reign of Edward II: Walter Stapledon Treasurer of England. By Mark Buck. The Common Lawyers of Pre‐Reformation England: Thomas Kebell, A Case Study. By E.W. Ives. My Dear Peter:‘The Ars Poetica’and Hermeneutics for More's Utopia. By Elizabeth McCutcheon The Sack of Rome, 1527. By André Chastel. The Poet's Time: Politics and Religion in the Work of Andrew Marvell. By Warren L. Chernaik. The Anglican Spiritual Tradition. By John R.H. Moorman. Probability and Certainty in Seventeenth‐Century England: a Study of the Relationships between Natural Science, Religion, History, Law, and Literature. By Barbara J. Shapiro. A History of the Methodist Church in Great Britain, Vol. 3. Edited by R. Davies, A.R. George and G. Rupp. Evangelicals United: Ecumenical Stirrings in Pre‐Victorian Britain, 1795–1830. By Roger H. Martin. Beethoven and the Voice of God. By Wilfrid Mellers. Developments in the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland 1789–1829. By Christine Johnson. The Sectarian Spirit: Sectarianism, Society, and Politics in Victorian Cotton Towns. By Paul J. Phillips. Revivalism, Social Conscience and Community in the Burned‐Over District: The Trial of Rhoda Bement. By Glenn C. Altschuler and Jan M. Saltzgaber. Old Catholics and Anglicans, 1931–1981. Edited by Gordon Huelin. What Ever Happened to Vatican II? By Michael Winter. Oscar Romero: Bishop and Manyr. By James R. Brockman. Catholics in Apartheid Society. Edited by Andrew Prior. Theologie im 20. Jahrhundert: Stand und Aufgaben. Edited by George Strecker. Why Believe in God? By Michael Goulder and John Hick. The Second Christianity. By John Hick. God Among Us: The Gospel Proclaimed. By Edward Schillebeeckx. God Is New Each Moment. By Edward Schillebeeckx. From Christ to God. By David G.A. Calvert. Interpreting Jesus. By Gerald O'Collins. Son of Man and Son of God. By John C. Dwyer. In Quest of Jesus: A Guidebook. By W. Barnes Tatum. Logos‐Symbol in the Christology of Karl Rahner. By Joseph H.P. Wong. Christo‐Psychology. By Morton T. Kelsey. Sacraments as God's Self‐Giving: Sacramental Practice and Faith. By James F. White. Priesthood and Ministry: Ecumenical Research. By Max Thurian. Authority in the Church. Edited by Piet F. Fransen. Papal Infallibility: An Application of Lonergan ‘s Theological Method. Edited by Terry J. Tekippe. Christian Moral Reasoning. By Garth Hallett. Baron Friedrich von Hügel's Philosophy of Religion By James J. Kelly. Three Faces of Hermeneutics: An Introduction to Current Theories of Understanding. By Roy J. Howard. Science Deified and Science Defied: The Historical Significance of Science in Western Culture from the Bronze Age to the Beginnings of the Modern Era. By Raymond Olson. On History and other Essays. By Michael Oakeshott. Studies in Platonic Political Philosophy. By Leo Strauss with an introduction by Thomas L. Pangle. Myth and Thought Among the Greeks. By Jean‐Pierre Vernant. The Early Greek Concept of the Soul. By Jan Bremmer. Viraha‐Bhakti: The early history of Krsna Devotion in South India. By Friedhelm Hardy. The Outline of Sanity: A Biography of G. K. Chesterton. By Alzina Stone Dale.