Barleria Cristata Research Articles

Assessment of Cardio-protective activity of Barleria cristata Linn. using Daphnia magna as model

Barleria cristata Linn. belongs to the family Acanthaceae, commonly known as Phillipine Violet. It has been traditionally used in the treatment of diseases including anaemia, toothache, respiratory disorders, skin diseases and cardio-vascular disorders. The aim of this study was intended to evaluate the in vivo cardio-protective activity of ethanolic extract of the leaves of Barleria cristata Linn. using Daphnia magna as the model. Pharmacognostical characters viz., macroscopy, microscopy, linear measurements, physicochemical constants, loss on drying, fluorescence analysis, determination of heavy metals and phytochemical studies were performed for the leaves of Barleria cristata. Acute toxicity study was performed as per OECD guidelines 202 which revealed that no significant mortality was observed up to 6µg/ml of ethanolic extracts of leaves of Barleria cristata Linn. The ethanolic extract of Barleria cristata with a dose of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100µg/ml were tested on lactose induced arrhythmia of Daphnia magna and compared with standard metoprolol. The cardio protective activity of ethanolic extracts of Barleria cristata Linn. were observed separately in the Daphnia magna of control, lactose induced, treated with metoprolol and ethanolic extract groups. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of the plant has dose dependent cardio-protective activity on Daphnia magna. Pharmacognostical characters of Barleria cristata are used to identify and standardize the plant and there was no heavy metal toxicity was observed from the leaves of Barleria cristata Linn.

Phytoconstituents Screening, TLC, And GC-MS Analysis Of Barleria Cristata Linn. Leaves Methanolic Extract

Barleria cristata Linn is an ornamental plant that grows on the sides of roads in India, China, and other countries. This plant belongs to the family Acanthaceae. In India, it is used as herbal medicine and is called Kala Bansa. It has an ancient legacy of application in folk medicine, particularly for the treatment of tuberculosis and snake bites. The purpose of the present study was a preliminary phytochemical analysis, Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) analysis and Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GCMS) analysis of the methanol extract of Barleria cristata Linn leaves. The preliminary phytochemical screening finding revealed compounds like Alkaloids, Glycosides, Flavonoids, Carbohydrates, Proteins, and amino acids, and Reducing sugars. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) of the methanolic extract was executed for 5 essential phytoconstituents Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Saponins, Glycosides, and Triterpenoids. The leaf extract of this plant was analyzed using GCMS. This report revealed the 15 compounds. The bioactive chemicals were found by comparing the retention time and peak area with the literature. Barleria cristata possess various medicinal properties, so more research must be done on its traditional claims.

Drying and dehydration of native ornamental plants of Arunachal Pradesh and its value addition

Wild and underutilized plant species particularly ornamental flowers and foliage can be converted into value added products using drying and dehydration technique. The present studies have been carried out to explore the potential of wild ornamental plants of Arunachal Pradesh for the purpose of dry flower making. The plant parts have been collected from different places viz. Pasighat, Bodak, Renging, Menchuka, Bomdilla, Tenga Valley, Yingkiong, etc. A total of fourteen (14) potential plant species had been identified for drying and dehydration without any loss in quality and appearance. The species identified includes Pteridium aquilinum (Eagle Fern/Western Bracken Fern), Lycopodium clavatum (Stag’s Horn Clubmoss/Ground pine), Nicandra phylasoides (Apple of Peru), Scirpus cyperinus (Wool grass), Barleria cristata (Phillipine violet), Cortaderia selloana (Pampas grass), Anaphilis busua (Tall pearly everlasting), Miscanthus spp. (Silver grass), lichens, Phragmites spp. (common reed grass), Davallia bullata (Rabbit foot fern), Tillandsia spp. (Spanish moss), Elsholtzia cristata (Crested late summer mint) and Setaria parviflora (Bristly foxtail). Maximum number of genera belongs to the family of Poaceae followed by Cyperaceae. Seed heads of Cortaderia selloana, Miscanthus spp., Phragmites spp., Erioscirpus comosus, Scirpus cyperinus, Setaria parviflora; leaves of Pteridium aquilinum, Lycopodium clavatum, Davallia bullata; fruits of Nicandra phylasoides, Elsholtzia cristata; flower of Anaphilis busua; dried calyx of Barleria cristata and stem of Tillandsia spp. had also been used for drying and value addition. A cottage industry based on floral craft can become a new area for self-employment of rural youth’s and women through this creative occupation. The quest for searching new materials which can be utilized as dried flowers never ends and in fact is the demand of the hour.

Pharmacognostic and Physico-chemical Investigation of Barleria cristata Linn. (Leaf) for Quality Control Assessment

Background: Barleria cristata Linn. belongs to the family Acanthaceae and is commonly known as Raktajhinti and VajraDanti. It is widely distributed in countries, such as India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Asian tropical regions. This plant has been observed to bear multifarious ethnomedical uses in treating lung disorders, inflammatory conditions, toothache, anemia, and snakebite. A wide range of major chemical constituents, such as triterpenes, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and glycosides are reported to be present in this plant. The plant exhibited diverse pharmacological actions, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. The literature revealed insufficient information concerning the standardization of Barleria cristata Linn.
 Objectives: The present study aimed to explore the pharmacognostic and phytochemical characteristics of Barleria cristata Linn. (leaf). 
 Methods: The present study addressed quality control parameters, including loss on drying, ash values, extractive values, pharmacognostic parameters (e.g. macroscopic & microscopic characters and powder microscopy) as per the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. 
 Results: Biochemical analysis revealed total ash (16.11±0.38), acid insoluble ash (1.50±0.18), water-soluble ash (11.10±0.23), alcohol-soluble extractive (19.34±0.79), and water-soluble extractive (25.06±0.17), respectively. The transverse section of the leaf revealed the presence of the epidermis, covering trichomes, vascular bundle, and so on. The other parameters such as phytochemical investigation, fluorescence analysis, and thin-layer chromatography were also performed to explore the crucial values of these examinations. 
 Conclusion: The obtained data would be useful in the future for preparing a monograph for the authentication and standardization of this crude drug.

Genomic characterization of two novel viruses infecting Barleria cristata L. from the genera Orthotospovirus and Polerovirus.

Barleria cristata L. has become naturalized in South Africa, where it is commonly used as an ornamental. In 2019, plants of B. cristata showing putative viral symptoms were collected from two locations in Gauteng, South Africa. RNAtag-seq libraries were prepared and sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. De novo assembly of the resulting data revealed the presence of a novel member of the family Tospoviridae associated with the plants from both locations, and this virus was given the tentative name "barleria chlorosis-associated virus". Segments L, M, and S have lengths of 8752, 4760, and 2906 nt, respectively. Additionally, one of the samples was associated with a novel polerovirus, provisionally named "barleria polerovirus 1", with a complete genome length of 6096 nt. This is the first study to show the association of viruses with a member of the genus Barleria.

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Barleria Cristata Leaves against Persistent Endodontic Pathogens – An In Vitro Analysis

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Barleria Cristata Leaves against Persistent Endodontic Pathogens – An In Vitro Analysis

A Review on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activity of Medicinal plant Barleria cristata

Barleria cristata belongs to the family Acanthaceae, is an indigenous widespread perennial shrub found throughout India. It occupies a remarkable place in Ayurvedic medicine of India, due to its biological and pharmacological activities. The general use of the genus Barleria is to treat boils, bee bite, snake bite, asthma, leprosy, cough, jaundice and tooth ache. The various phytochemical screening of different types of extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, phytosterols, flavanoids, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, anthraquinones and saponins. This review aimed to provide a scientific overview of Barleria cristata with reference to its geographical, botanical aspects, phytochemistry and pharmacological activity. The ethnomedicinal uses of this plant show the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma, cough, bronchitis and tuberculosis. The investigated pharmacological studies reported the presence of anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant property, wound-healing activity, thrombolytic activity, brine-shrimp lethality assay and hepatoprotective activities in Barleria cristata.

First record of damage by pest snail in medicinally important Barleria cristata L. plants in western ghat of India

In India, western ghat region of Maharashtra is one of the known natural habitat of various medicinal plants. B. cristata L. (Family Acanthaceae) is one such medicinal plant abundantly found in this region. Several studies on B. cristata L. revealed that the whole plant or its specific parts are being utilized for the treatment of many diseases without any side effects. This is extensively used for Ayurvedic/herbal preparations in India. Now these days during the monsoon season it has been observed that B. cristata L. is attacked by pest snail. Snail causes 70–80% damage to leaf biomass of B. cristata L. the present finding. This constitutes first report on occurrence of snail as pest of B. cristata L.

Pharmacognostical Studies and Isolation of an alkaloid from Barleria cristata Linn. roots

The present investigation was carried out to study the histological characters of the roots of the plant Barleria cristata Linn. Further the phytochemical studies on the methanolic extract of roots revealed the presence of alkaloids. Column chromatography of methanolic extract of Barleria cristata Linn. roots (MEBC) was carried out by using silica gel (60–120#) column chromatography. It was eluted by different solvents in their increasing order of polarity. Fraction No.11 was purified by fractional crystallization to yield 55mg of brown coloured amorphous powder of Compound-I which was characterized and confirmed as Ibogamine by TLC, melting point, Infrared Spectroscopy, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass spectrometry. Ibogamine, an alkaloid was isolated from the roots of Barleria cristata Linn. roots.

A Review on the Phytochemistry, Medicinal Properties and Pharmacological Activities of 15 Selected Myanmar Medicinal Plants.

Medicinal plants are a reservoir of biologically active compounds with therapeutic properties that over time have been reported and used by diverse groups of people for treatment of various diseases. This review covers 15 selected medicinal plants distributed in Myanmar, including Dalbergia cultrata, Eriosema chinense, Erythrina suberosa, Millettia pendula, Sesbania grandiflora, Tadehagi triquetrum, Andrographis echioides, Barleria cristata, Justicia gendarussa, Premna integrifolia, Vitex trifolia, Acacia pennata, Cassia auriculata, Croton oblongifolius and Glycomis pentaphylla. Investigation of the phytochemical constituents, biological and pharmacological activities of the selected medicinal plants is reported. This study aims at providing a collection of publications on the species of selected medicinal plants in Myanmar along with a critical review of the literature data. As a country, Myanmar appears to be a source of traditional drugs that have not yet been scientifically investigated. This review will be support for further investigations on the pharmacological activity of medicinal plant species in Myanmar.

Ethnomedicinal use of plant resources in Kirtinagar Block of Tehri Garhwal in Western Himalaya

Background: The aim of the present study is to report the cultural importance and utilization of ethnomedicinal plant species among the communities of Tehri district in Garhwal Himalaya, India. Methods: The ethnomedicinal uses of plants were collected from participants of the villages based on randomly selected inhabitants through semi structured interviews. A total of 93 respondents provided information. Results: The documentation recorded a total of 92 ethnobotanical plant species including trees (52), shrubs (19), herbs (18) and climbers (3). Out of 92 species, only 35 species were used for ethnomedicinal purposes to cure 30 different ailments prevailing in the area. The maximum number of species (9) was used for stomach disorders followed by diabetes and wounds (4 each), and fractures and tooth problems (3 each). The informant consensus factor (F ic ) for joint pain was 0.0 whereas F ic value for other species ranged from 0.600 to 1.0. The fidelity level (FL) was highest (100%) for 14 species and the lowest value of FL (20%) was recorded for Eupatorium adenophorum . The Cultural Importance Index (CI) was highest for Barleria cristata (0.15) and lowest (0.01) for Azadirachta indica and Boehmeria rugulosa each. Conclusion: The study revealed that the large number of ethnobotanical plant species exists in the area. Increased awareness on conservation and developmental strategies is needed to utilize resources through sustainable development.

Rotational Symmetry and Corresponding Angle of some Natural Flower Photograph taken by way of my Digital Camera

In this article I mainly focused about different symmetry offers by different kind of flowers surrounding us. I discuss the symmetry of Euphorbia milii, the crown of thorns, Christ plant, or Christ thorn, the Ixora coccinea, the Catharanthus roseus, Coccinia flower, Duranta erecta, Barleria cristata and Adenium flower, Murrayapaniculata commonly called range jessamine. The image of all flower is taken surrounding the midnapore town, West Bengal, India.

Study of dislocation density (defects such as Ag vacancies and interstitials) of silver nanoparticles, green-synthesized using Barleria cristata leaf extract and the impact of defects on the antibacterial activity

Abstract In this work, we have successfully synthesized highly biocompatible and functionalized B. cristata mediated silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with different quantities of its extract for the estimation of impact of defects and the antibacterial activity. The properties of synthesized Ag NPs with B. cristata leaf extract was subjected into various studies such as structural, optical, spectral, surface morphological and antibacterial activities. XRD analysis reveals the crystalline structure and particle size of Ag NPs. The Surface Plasmon Resonance band was measured and observed by UV–Visible spectral studies. The defects such as Ag vacancies and interstitials were calculated by dislocation density. The FE-SEM and TEM images display the shape of particle size. The HR-TEM image shows Surface morphology, high crystallinity with lattice fringes and size of the particles. The element (presence of Ag crystal) analyzed by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). B. cristata leaf extract mediated silver nanoparticles, which possess very good antimicrobial activity against both E. coli and S. aureus which was confirmed by disc diffusion method.

Impact of the Trivedi Effect ®- Energy of Consciousness Healing on Growth and Yield of the Plant Stem Cells Culture

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Biofield Energy Healing Treatment on the plant callus of Mandukparni (Centella asiatica), Katsarika (Barleria cristata), and Amla (Phyllanthus emblica) in Murashige & Skoog liquid medium (MS) for their yield on day 7. All the three plant callus and MS liquid media were divided into two parts, one part was received Biofield Energy Treatment (known as The Trivedi Effect®-Energy Of Consciousness Healing Treatment) by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton through the Healer’s unique Energy Transmission process remotely and defined as Biofield Energy Treated group. Another part did not receive any treatment and defined as the control group. On day 7 after the treatment, the flasks were observed and visualized under the phase contrast microscope for monitoring the cell growth and photomicrographs were captured at 200X magnification along with the wet weight of the callus cultures. Experimental data suggested that all the three plants viz. Mandukparni, Katsarika, and Amla callus showed significantly improved growth rate after seven days as compared with the respective untreated groups. The growth of the callus (weight in mg) of Mandukparni, Katsarika and Amla callus after 7 days of the Biofield Energy Treatment was 289.7, 348.5, and 512 mg respectively. However, the percentage increase in weight of the callus in Mandukparni, Katsarika, and Amla was 3.3%, 7.7%, and 79.6%, respectively as compared with the untreated group. Hence, the results indicated that there was a significant growth observed after The Trivedi Effect®-Energy of Consciousness Treatment in the tested plant stem cells. It can be concluded that The Trivedi Effect® would be used as a complementary and alternative treatment to maximize most valuable natural products yield and quality best quality such as herbal medicinal plants, food and dietary supplements, flavoring and coloring agents, cosmetics and fragrance products, and many more.

Diet of the Four-horned Antelope Tetracerus quadricornis (De Blainville, 1816) in the Churia Hills of Nepal

The food composition of the Four-horned Antelope Tetracerus quadricornis was studied in the Churia Hills of Nepal during summer, monsoon and the winter seasons of 2012–2013. Microhistological technique was used to determine the diet. The Four-horned Antelope was found to be a mixed feeder feeding on trees, shrubs, forbs, grasses and climbers. Trees and shrubs contribute the major percentage of diet in all the three seasons. The Gramineae family is consumed in highest proportion. Mitragyna parvifolia, Bridelia retusa, Bambusa vulgaris, Hymenodictyon sp. and Ziziphus mauritiana are major tree species while Barleria cristata, Pogostemon benghalensis, Achyranthes sp., Clerodendrum viscosum are among shrubs. Ageratum conyzoides and Blumea virens are the main forbs Eulaliopsis binata and Imperata cylindrica are the principal grass species. Climber Trachelospermum lucidum is consumed in a small proportion. Grasses in monsoon were consumed distinctly at a higher percentage than during the other two seasons. The Four-horned Antelopes are concentrated feeders and browsers with a generalized feeding strategy. Similar studies need to be conducted in other landscapes and with sympatric and potential competitor species to understand its niche overlaps and degree of competition.

Phytochemical, trace metals assessment and antimicrobial efficacy of Barleria cristata

Traditional plants contains various secondary metabolites which have shown significant pharmacological activity. In the present paper, we analysed the phytochemical, trace metal and antimicrobial activity of ethanolic leaf extracts of Barleria cristata. The significance of high antimicrobial activity due to their presence of secondary metabolites in this herb. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroids, triterpenes, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponin, tannins and amino acid. The antimicrobial activity of B.cristata ethanol extract was examined with six various pathogenic microorganisms such as gram positive, gram negative and fungal strains using the disk diffusion test. The two tested concentrations such as 0.60 and 1.20 mg/disc produce zone of inhibition on Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) plates for bacteria and fungi, respectively. In this study, higher (1.20 mg) concentration got greater sensitivity than lower (0.60 mg) concentration against all strains. The trace metal analyses of the plants were also carried out. The mean concentration of trace metals such as cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) were 0.05, BDL, 0.07, 0.88, BDL, 0.23 and 0.24 mg kg -1 , respectively. Therefore, it is signified that B.cristata plant extract is safe to be used as an antimicrobial agent.

Effect of growing media, pinching and paclobutrazol on growth and flowering of Barleria cristata for suitability as pot plant

A study was conducted to see the effect of three growing media (soil from natural habitat, soil from natural habitat and FYM (2:1), v/v and soil, sand and FYM (2:1:1), three pinching treatments (No pinch, single pinch and double pinch) and paclobutrazol (0, 75, 150 ppm) on growth and flowering of seedlings as well as vegetatively propagated (rooted stem cuttings) of Phillipines violet or blue bell barleria (Barleria cristata L.). Plants raised through seeds and rooted cuttings differed significantly among themselves for various growth and flowering parameters. Plants raised under both methods of propagation showed optimum plant height (1.5 to 2.5 times to the height of the pot) when grown in soil from natural habitat and FYM with single and double pinching in absence of application of paclobutrazol for growing as pot plant. Seedlings recorded maximum number of secondary side shoots (20.58), leaves (177.42), flower clusters (16.17), flowers (23.58)/plant when grown in soil from natural habitat and FYM with double pinching and with the application of 75 ppm paclobutrazol and seed raised plants showed early visible bud formation and flowering when grown in all growing media without pinching and application of 75 ppm paclobutrazol. However, the cutting raised plants recorded maximum number, of secondary side shoots (16.00), leaves (171.67), flower clusters (17.83), flowers (24.42)/plant when grown in soil from natural habitat and FYM with double pinching and with the application of 75 ppm paclobutrazol. Seed raised plants showed better results in case of plant height, length of primary side shoots and plant spread than cutting raised plants while cutting raised plants recorded early visible bud formation and flowering and maximum number of flower clusters/plant than seed raised plants. Based on the findings of present investigations, seed raised Barleria cristata. plants grown in pots containing soil from natural habitat added with FYM (2:1, v/v), double pinching and application of 75 ppm paclobutrazol is recommended for better growth and flowering.

In Vivo Assessment of Antioxidants and Antihyperglycemic Effect of Barleria cristata leaves in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Rats

Objective: Many new bioactive drugs isolated from plants having hypoglycaemic effects showed anti diabetic activity equal and sometimes even more potent than known oral hypoglycaemic agents. In this present study, designed to evaluate antihyperglycermic and antioxidants effect on ethanolic leaf extracts Barleria cristata (EtBc) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats at dose level 400mg/kg body weight for the treatment of 45 days. Method and materials: The experimental rats were randomly divided into five groups as a control, streptozotocin induced with diabetes (45mg/kg bw) without any treatment, treated with standard drug glibenclamide (1.25 mg/kg bw), EtBc (400 mg/kg bw) in diabetic induced rats and treated with EtBc alone without diabetic rats. At the end of 45th day animals were sacrificed, collect the serum, liver, kidney and pancreas for estimate the glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glycosylated hemoglobin, hemoglobin in serum, protein, enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in tissues. Results: After the administration of EtBc, blood glucose levels were showed significantly reduction (P<0.05) in diabetic rats and it has been observed alternation occured in body and organ weight and it was also normalized the serum level of glycemic profile like insulin, C-peptide, total hemoglobin and glycosylated hemoglobin levels similar to that of control rats. Antioxidants enzymes were return to back their levels as control in different tissues when compared to diabetic rats and also observed no significance difference between control and EtBc alone group rats at the end of 45th day. Therefore it was suggested that Barleria cristata may act by potentiation of pancreatic secretion of insulin or increasing glucose uptake by muscle cells. Conclusion: In this study, suggested the efficacy of Barleria cristata proved the maintenance of glucose homeostasis and may be used as a therapeutic agent in the management of diabetes mellitus.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i4.11219 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(4): 437-445

4-Hydroxy-trans-cinnamate Derivatives and Triterpene from Barleria cristata

Barleria cristata is an important medicinal plant of Bangladesh. Many compounds of diverse biological activities were isolated from different Barleria species, including irridoids, flavonoids and phenylethanoid derivatives in addition to other groups of chemical constituents. This paper presents the chemical investigation of the whole plants of B.cristata. Classic phytochemical investigation of organic extracts of the whole plants of B. cristata together with spectroscopic methods led to the isolation and characterization of 4-hydroxy-trans-cinnamate derivatives (1-3) and a triterpene, namely oleanolic acid (4). Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 12(2): 143-145, 2013 (December) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v12i2.17623

Part 1: Antiplasmodial, Cytotoxic, Radical Scavenging and Antioxidant Activities of Thai Plants in the Family Acanthaceae

Crude extracts (CH(2)Cl(2) and MeOH) of 20 plants in the family Acanthaceae were screened for their antiplasmodial, cytotoxic, antioxidant, and radical scavenging activities. These plants included Asystasia nemorum, Barleria cristata, B. strigosa, Dicliptera burmanni, Eranthemum tetragonum, Hygrophila ringens, Justicia balansae, J. procumbens, Lepidagathis incurva, Peristrophe lanceolaria, Phaulopsis dorsiflora, Ruellia kerrii, Strobilanthes auriculata, S. corrugata, S. cusia, S. dimorphotricha, S. karensium, S. maxwellii, S. pateriformis, and S. brandisii. CH(2)Cl(2) extracts of A. nemorum, S. corrugata, S. cusia, S. maxwellii, S. pateriformis, and S. brandisii, as well as MeOH extracts of J. balansae and J. procumbens, showed antiplasmodial activity with IC(50) values of 10-100 µg/mL. CH(2)Cl(2) extracts of nine plants including D. burmanni, H. ringens, J. balansae, J. procumbens, L. incurva, P. lanceolaria, P. dorsiflora, S. corrugata, and S. maxwellii showed cytotoxic activity with IC(50) values of 3.5-46.0 µg/mL. MeOH extracts (at 100 µg/mL) of R. kerrii and S. auriculata could effectively scavenge DPPH free radicals (82-83% inhibition) and superoxide anion radicals (79% and 88% inhibition). In the ORAC antioxidant assay, MeOH extracts of B. cristata, J. procumbens, R. kerrii, and S. auriculata exhibited activity with ORAC units of 3.1-3.9.