Zanthoxylum Armatum Bark Research Articles

LC-MS characterized methanolic extract of zanthoxylum armatum possess anti-breast cancer activity through Nrf2-Keap1 pathway: An in-silico, in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation

Ethnopharmacological relevanceZanthoxylum armatum DC (Rutaceae) containing flavonoids, alkaloids, coumarins, lignans, amides and terpenoid is well-known for its curative properties against various ailments including cancer. In the current research, phytochemicals present in the methanolic extract of Zanthoxylum armatum bark (MeZb) were characterized by LC-MS/MS analysis and chemotherapeutic potential of this extract was determined on DMBA-induced female Sprague Dawley rats. Materials and methodsA simple and fast high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy (LC–MS/MS) of MeZb was established followed by in-vitro antioxidant assays. This was followed by in-silico docking analysis as well as cytotoxicity assessment. Successively in-vivo study of MeZb was performed in DMBA-induced Sprague Dawley rats possessing breast cancer along with detailed molecular biology studies involving immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. ResultsLC-MS/MS investigation revealed the presence of compounds belonging to flavonoid, alkaloid and glycoside groups. MeZb revealed potential antioxidant activity in in-vitro antioxidant assays and strong binding energy of identified compounds was seen from the in-silico study with both HO1 and Keap1 receptor. Furthermore, the antioxidant action of MeZb was proven from the in-vivo analysis of antioxidant marker enzymes (lipid peroxidation, enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants). This study also revealed upregulation of protective Nrf-2 following downregulation of Keap1 after MeZb treatment with respect to untreated cancerous rats. ConclusionThese results exhibited anti-breast-cancer potential of MeZb through Nrf2-Keap1 pathway which may be due to the flavonoids, alkaloids and glycosides present in it.

In Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Methanolic Extracts of Fruits, Seeds, and Bark of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.

Crude methanol extracts of fruits, seeds, and bark of Zanthoxylum armatum were investigated in vitro for antimicrobial activities against 9 different bacterial strains: Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Staphylococcus epidermidis using agar well diffusion method, and the MBC values were determined. Only 5 bacteria, i.e., Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis exhibited antibacterial properties against the different extracts. The fruit and seed extracts showed activities against 5 bacteria, while the bark extract was active against 2 bacteria only (MRSA and Staphylococcus aureus). Staphylococcus aureus was found to be more susceptible for all the extracts compared to other strains. The maximum ZOI of 20.72 mm was produced by fruits (wild) and 18.10 mm (cultivated) against Staphylococcus aureus. Likewise, the least ZOI of 11.73 mm was produced by seeds (wild) and 11.29 mm (cultivated) against Escherichia faecalis. Similarly, the lowest MBC value of 0.78 mg/mL was obtained for fruit extracts against MRSA, 1.56 mg/mL for fruits, seeds, and bark extracts against Bacillus subtilis, MRSA, and Staphylococcus aureus, and highest value of 50 mg/mL for fruits and seeds extracts against S. epidermidis. The fruits, seeds, and bark extracts of Z. armatum exhibited remarkable antibacterial properties against different pathogenic bacteria causing several diseases, which suggests the potential use of this plant for treating different bacterial diseases such as skin infection, urinary tract infection, dental problems, diarrhea, and dysentery.

Chemical Constituents Isolated from Zanthoxylum armatum Stem Bark

Phytochemical investigation of the stem bark of Zanthoxylum armatum led to the isolation of three phytoconstituents characterized as 1-linoleo-2,3-diolein (1), α-amyrin acetate (2), and armatonaphthyl arabinoside (3), which were elucidated using spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis. Among the isolated compounds, armatonaphthyl arabinoside (3) is a new naphthyl glycoside.

A New Geranylbenzofuranone from Zanthoxylum armatum

A new geranylbenzofuranone, zantholide (1), and eight known compounds, dodeca-2E,4E-dienoic acid isobutylamide (2), dodeca-2E,4E,8Z,11-tetraenoic acid isobutyl amide (3), zanthoxylin (4), sesamin (5), kobusin (6), asarinin (7), fargesin (8) and armatamide (9), have been isolated from the bark of Zanthoxylum armatum. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic (1D, 2D NMR) and HR-ESI-MS data. This is the first report on the isolation of 2 and 3 from the Rutaceae family and 4 from Z. armatum.

Antidiabetic potential of Zanthoxylum armatum bark extract on streptozotocin‑induced diabetic rats

Objective: Hydromethanolic extract of the bark of Zanthoxylum armatum (HMZA) was evaluated for its antidiabetic and antioxidant activity in streptozotocin‑induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: HMZA was evaluated in normal and diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (60 mg/kg i.p.). Normal and diabetic rats were divided into different groups and orally administered with HMZA (200 and 400 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) for 21 days. Blood samples were collected from overnight‑fasted rats on at 7, 14 and 21 days of treatment and analysed for blood glucose level and lipid profile. On day 21, rats were sacrificed and liver and kidney tissues were excised to measure their antioxidant status. Results: Oral administration of HMZA for 21 days (200 and 400 mg/kg) resulted in significant reduction in blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein and significant increase in high density lipoprotein and body weight of streptozotocin diabetic rats. In addition to that, significant decrease in lipid peroxidation and increase in catalase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione were observed in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Conclusion: From the present study, it is evident that, the bark of Z. armatum possesses significant antidiabetic and antioxidant effect on diabetic rats and suggests that the plant may have therapeutic value in diabetes and related complications. Key words: Antidiabetic, antioxidant, glibenclamide, streptozotocin, Zanthoxylum armatum

Antidiabetic potential of Zanthoxylum armatum bark extract on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Antidiabetic potential of Zanthoxylum armatum bark extract on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

A new amide from zanthoxylum armatum

A new amide designated as armatamide (1)-along with two lignans, asarinin and fargesin, alpha- and beta-amyrins, lupeol, and beta-sitosterol-beta-D-glucoside-has been isolated from the bark of Zanthoxylum armatum. The structure of the new compound was deduced by spectral and chemical analysis as N-(4'-methoxyphenyl ethyl)-3, 4-methylenedioxy cinnamoyl amide.