Bark Essential Oil Research Articles

Ovicidal and adulticidal activities of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark essential oil compounds and related compounds against Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculicidae)

The toxicity of cinnamon, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, bark essential oil compounds against eggs and adult females of human head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis, was examined using direct contact and vapour phase toxicity bioassays and compared with the lethal activity of their related compounds, benzyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, cinnamyl acetate, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and salicylaldehyde, as well as two widely used pediculicides, d-phenothrin and pyrethrum. In a filter-paper contact toxicity bioassay with female lice at 0.25 mg/cm 2, benzaldehyde was 29- and 27-fold more toxic than pyrethrum and d-phenothrin, respectively, as judged by median lethal time (LT 50) values. Salicylaldehyde was nine and eight times more active than pyrethrum and d-phenothrin, respectively. Pediculicidal activity of linalool was comparable with that of d-phenothrin and pyrethrum. Cinnamomum bark essential oil was slightly less effective than either d-phenothrin or pyrethrum. Benzyl alcohol and ( E)-cinnamaldehyde exhibited moderate pediculicidal activity. After 24 h of exposure, no hatching was observed with 0.063 mg/cm 2 salicylaldehyde, 0.125 mg/cm 2 benzaldehyde, 0.5 mg/cm 2 Cinnamomum bark essential oil, 1.0 mg/cm 2 ( E)-cinnamaldehyde, and 1.0 mg/cm 2 benzyl cinnamate. Little or no ovicidal activity was observed with d-phenothrin or pyrethrum. In vapour phase toxicity tests with female lice, benzaldehyde and salicylaldehyde were much more effective in closed containers than in open ones, indicating that the mode of delivery of these compounds was largely due to action in the vapour phase. Neither d-phenothrin nor pyrethrum exhibited fumigant toxicity. Cinnamomum bark essential oil and test compounds described merit further study as potential pediculicides or ovicides for the control of P. h. capitis.

Salicylate de méthyle, constituant unique de l'huile essentielle de l'écorce des racines de Securidaca longepedunculata du Burkina Faso

Methyl salycylate, the one constituent of Burkina Faso Securidaca longepedunculata roots bark essential oil . Securidaca longepedunculata, from Burkina Faso (Yalle), roots bark essential oil has been investigated by GC/MS and NMR 1H, 13C. The oils were found to contain methyl salicylate as major component (up to 90%). NMR analysis results of the oil are identical than methyl salicylate commercial product. To cite this article: R.H.C. Nébié et al., C. R. Chimie 7 (2004) .

Comparative analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of the essential oils from bark and leaves of Cedrelopsis grevei Baill, an aromatic and medicinal plant from Madagascar

The essential oils from bark and leaves of Cedrelopsis grevei Baill (Ptaeroxylaceae), an aromatic and medicinal plant from Madagascar, are widely used in folk medicine. These two commercially available oils have been examined separately by means of GC–MS. The oil constituents were identified according to their mass spectra and their relative retention indices determined on both polar and non-polar stationary phase capillary columns. A total of 55 compounds have been identified constituting 76.7% (bark) and 91.6% (leaves) of the volatile constituents. Both oils were found to have a similar composition; however the relative percentages of some compounds notably differed. The bark essential oil contained β-pinene (17.1%), cis-sesquisabinene hydrate (12.8%) and caryophyllene oxide (7.0%) as the main components whereas the leaf essential oil was largely dominated by trans-β-farnesene (35.6%); β-pinene (12.8%), cis-sesquisabinene hydrate (9.8%) and ar-curcumene (8.6%) were also present as major components. As far as we know, this is the first report on the Cedrelopsis grevei bark and leaf essential oils which therapeutic properties may be attractive for aromatherapy.

MALAGASY AROMATIC PLANTS: ESSENTIAL OILS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES

MALAGASY AROMATIC PLANTS: ESSENTIAL OILS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES

Bioactivity of selected plant essential oils against the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti larvae

The bioactivity of 14 essential oils from five plants has been studied using the brine shrimp lethality test and the Aedes aegypti larvicidal assay. All essential oils screened had LC 50 values smaller than 200 μg/ml, showing significant lethality against brine shrimp. In addition, nine of the 14 essential oils tested showed toxicity against the fourth-instar A. aegypti larvae in 24 h (LC 50<100 μg/ml). Of these, the leaf and bark essential oils of Cryptomeria japonica demonstrated high larvicidal activity, the most active being the leaf essential oil of C. japonica, with a LC 50=37.6 μg/ml (LC 90=71.9 μg/ml), followed by the bark essential oil of C. japonica also showing high activity against A. aegypti larvae, with a LC 50=48.1 μg/ml (LC 90=130.3 μg/ml). The results obtained from this study suggest that the leaf and bark essential oils of C. japonica are promising as larvicides against A. aegypti larvae and could be useful in the search for new natural larvicidal compounds.

Aromatic Plants of Tropical Central Africa. XXXIV. Chemical Composition of Bark Essential Oils of Entandophragma cylindricum Sprague Growing in Cameroon and in Central African Republic

The bark oils obtained by hydrodistillation from Entandophragma cylindricum Sprague growing in Cameroon and in Central Africa Republic were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The major constituents of both oils were δ-cadinene (9.1–22.9%), α-copaene (6.5–21.9%) and T-cadinol (17.5–27.6%); however, the Cameroonian oil was found to be completely devoid of monoterpenoid compounds, whereas the Central African sample contained about 15% monoterpenoids.

Aromatic Plants of Tropical Central Africa. XXIX. Benzyl Isothiocyanate as Major Constituent of Bark Essential Oil of Drypetes gossweileri S. Moore

Essential oils obtained from bark samples of Drypetes gossweileri collected in Central African Republic and Gabon were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Their chemical composition is particularly simple, with only three constituents: benzyl isothiocyanate (56–94%), accompanied by benzyl cyanide and benzaldehyde.

Multidimensional Fast Gas Chromatography with Matrix Isolation Infrared Detection

A study of multidimensional gas chromatography for mixture analysis, coupling a fast second GC stage with a matrix isolation infrared spectrometer, is reported in this paper. It is demonstrated that separation, detection, and analysis of multicomponent mixtures can be carried out under the conditions of fast gas chromatographic separation linked to infrared instrumentation. Samples analyzed to characterize the system are a Grob mix and partially separated eucalyptus and cascarilla bark essential oils. The essential oils are first separated on a polar precolumn, and portions for further analysis are cryogenically trapped. These heartcut samples are reinjected onto an analytical column by rapid resistive heating of the cryogenic trap

The Root Bark Essential Oil ofUvaria narumWall.

ABSTRACT The constituents of the root bark essential oil of Uvaria narum Wall. (Annonaceae) from Kerala, India were analyzed by GC/MS. About 52 components were detected, out of which 22 were identified. Bornyl acetate (15.2%) and patchoulenone (8.1%), a tricyclic sesquiterpene ketone, were found to be the major individual constituents of the oil.

Chemical Constituents of Essential Oils from Resin and Bark of Agathis borneensis

The chemical constituents of essential oils obtained from resin and bark of Agathis borneensis were analysed using capillary gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The resin essential oil dominated by α-pinene (30.93%), δ-limonene (17.79%), β-pinene (11.28%) and terpinen-4-ol (8.35%). The main components in the bark essential oil were β-pinene (8.68%), terpinen-4-ol (8.54%), α-pinene (8.50%) and α-terpineol (8.48%).