Barium Oxide Research Articles

BaO as a heterogeneous nanoparticle catalyst in oil transesterification for the production of FAME fuel

Metal oxide-based catalysts play an important role in the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils for fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) production. Additionally, nanocatalysts demonstrate high efficiency due to their increased surface area, higher catalytic activity, and easy operational procedures. Thus, the main objective of this work is to investigate FAME production from sunflower oil using barium oxide (BaO) nanoparticles. BaO was synthesized through one-pot sol–gel reactions and was analysed by several techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence(EDXRF), N2 adsorption–desorption of liquid nitrogen at 77 K [Brunner–Emmett–Teller (BET)] for surface area measurement and UV–Vis spectroscopy. BaO behaved as an efficient catalyst in the transesterification of oils into FAMEs. Furthermore, the impacts of a variety of reaction parameters on the biofuel yield were explored. The catalyst with 4.7 wt% has the maximum yield of 78.38 % achieved under the optimized reaction conditions (70 °C, 1:20 M ratio of oil:methanol). The characteristics of the resulting methyl ester partially agreed with international FAME standards, making it suitable for use as a blend with petroleum diesel in proportions defined by volume according to the specifications of the American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM). The catalyst was also evaluated for reusability tests, and the reusability through the reaction showed less than a 7 % conversion drop after 3 runs and 14.6 % after 5 runs.

Barium Oxynitride Electride as Highly Enhanced Promotor for Ruthenium Catalyst in Ammonia Synthesis: Comparative Study with Barium Oxide

AbstractBarium oxide is a conventional promoter for various transition‐metal (TM) catalysts in ammonia synthesis. Ba‐promoted Ru catalysts are widely used for ammonia synthesis under mild reaction conditions. However, the promotion mechanism, including the active factor, remains unclear. In this study, the excellent promotion effect of barium oxynitride is reported, which creates anionic electrons in the lattice, forming an electride (BaOxNy:e−z) with the same rocksalt structure as BaO. The BaOxNy:e−z enhances the ammonia synthesis activity of the supported Ru catalyst by 40–100 fold compared with the BaO promotor. This study reveals that a low‐work‐function electron formed in the BaO lattice plays a pivotal role in the electronic promotion effect in catalytic ammonia synthesis, suggesting that BaOxNy:e−z formed near the surface during the ammonia synthesis reaction is an active species for the promotion effect of conventional BaO.

Role of promoters over yttria‐zirconia supported Ni catalyst for dry reforming of methane

AbstractDry reforming of methane (DRM) bears great hope for the catalytic community as well as environmentalists for its potential to convert two greenhouse gases, CH4 and CO2, together into synthetic feedstock “syngas”. The stable tetragonal zirconium yttrium oxide phase over the “Yttria‐zirconia supported Ni” catalyst (Ni/YZr) brings >70% CH4 conversion against 50% CH4 conversion over zirconia supported Ni catalyst) in 7 h time‐on‐stream (TOS). The use of the second metal oxide (MOx; M = Ho, Ga, Gd, Ba, Cs) in a small amount (4 wt%) over Ni/YZ catalyst is found to promote the catalytic activity further. Herein, we have prepared such metal‐promoted yttria‐zirconia supported Ni catalyst, employed them for DRM and characterized them with surface area porosity, X‐ray diffraction, spectroscopic techniques, temperature programmed techniques and transmission electron microscopy. A fine correlation of characterization results with catalytic activity brings out various useful information that would be useful for establishing yttria‐zirconia supported Ni catalyst for DRM. Ni stabilized over cubic zirconium holmium oxide phase in 5Ni4Ho/YZr catalyst, cubic zirconium gadolinium oxide phase in 5Ni4Gd/YZr catalyst and cubic zirconium barium oxide phase in 5Ni4Ba/YZr catalyst perform excellent toward DRM. Catalytically, 5Ni4Ho/YZr catalyst achieves CH4 conversion as high as ~85% whereas 5Ni4Ba/YZr and 5Ni4Gd/YZr show CH4 conversions of about ~80%. Even in 30 h TOS study, 5Ni4Ho/YZr catalyst showed >81% CH4 conversion with retaining highest H2/CO (0.97).

Improvements in the physicochemical and electrical characteristics of BaO nanoparticles by Cu doping for electronic device applications

This work demonstrated the effects of Cu2+ ion doping on the morphological, structural, vibrational, optical, dielectric, and electrical characteristics of barium oxide (BaO) nanoparticles. The XRD analysis revealed the high purity and crystallinity of the prepared Cu doped BaO samples. The crystallite size of the Cu doped BaO nanoparticles was in the range of 6.51 nm to 8.49 nm and increased as the Cu2+ increased. The SEM micrographs revealed the irregular and spongy like morphology of the Cu doped BaO samples. Agglomeration and porosity were decreased due to the addition of Cu2+ doping content. Raman spectra revealed the enhancement in the vibrational bands with the Cu2+ substitution. The FTIR study showed the band obtained between 680–880 cm−1 and were attributed to Ba–O bonding vibrations which confirm the formation of BaO samples. FTIR and Raman spectra results are in the good agreement with XRD results. Optical characteristics were examined through UV-Vis spectra, results revealed that band gap was declined from 1.41 eV to 1.20 eV because the incorporation of Cu2+ ions in BaO lattice. The electrical properties revealed that conductivity increased from 2.39×10−7 S cm−1 to 4.44×10−4 S cm−1 while resistivity decreased from 4.18×106 Ω cm to 2.25×103 Ω cm with the increase of Cu2+ content up to 2%. The dielectric study revealed that dielectric constant value reduced with the increase of Cu2+ concentration. The obtained structural, morphological, vibrational, electrical, dielectric, and optical characteristics of the BaO nanoparticles with Cu2+ doping content make them a promising material for the electronic device applications.

Thermal vacuum evaporation peculiarities of perovskite-type barium-strontium hafnate

Experimental results are presented on the thermal vacuum evaporation of barium hafnate BaHfO3 and double barium-strontium hafnate Ba0.5Sr0.5HfO3, which are included together with finely dispersed tungsten as components in sintered composites. It is found that at T = 1900 K only barium and barium oxide are the products of BaHfO3 evaporation, i.e., congruent evaporation of BaHfO3 does not occur. Investigations of Ba0.5Sr0.5HfO3 evaporation at T = 1600 K showed that it also does not evaporate congruently. At the same time, the nucleation of a new phase of BaO·SrO in the form of structures with D6 symmetry was detected. Using a high-current vacuum arc discharge, congruent evaporation of Ba0.5Sr0.5HfO3 takes place, forming various crystalline formations of double barium-strontium hafnate on the substrate.

Ab-initio study of structural, electronic, phonon, X-ray spectroscopy, and the optoelectronic properties of D-block metals (Cr, Mn, Co, and Ni) substitution of barium oxide based-perovskites

Recently, transition metal doped superlattice has shown an anomalous optical band gap of 1.6 eV, about 1 eV lower than either parent element (Barium) majorly, making it appropriate for several applications including magnetism and superconducting materials. In the current study, the structural, electronic, phonon, thermodynamic, and the magnetic ordering of BaXO3 (X = Cr, Mn, Co, and Ni) has been examined using density functional theory (DFT). From the results, the investigated materials show a ferromagnetic behavior with the band gap of range 0.95–1.04 eV, and average absolute magnetization are 2.64, 3.67, 3.19, and 0.01 Bohr magneton/cell for BaCrO3, BaMnO3, BaCoO3, and BaNiO3, respectively. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the Compton profiles of BaXO3(X= Cr, Mn, Co, and Ni) are magnetic due to the substantial exchange-correlation dependence of their Compton profiles, which is shown from the phonon and X-ray distributions, thermodynamic calculation, and mechanically portrayed features of BaXO3. It was further discovered that doping could increase each TM (Cr, Mn, Co, and Ni) atom's magnetic moment. This study demonstrates a novel method for utilizing this revolutionary kind of cubic ferrites for spintronic applications in solid-state electronics.

Green Synthetic Approaches of 2-Hydrazonothiazol-4(5H)-ones Using Sustainable Barium Oxide-Chitosan Nanocomposite Catalyst.

The diverse applications of metal oxide-biopolymer matrix as a nanocomposite heterogenous catalyst have caused many researches to scrutinize the potential of this framework. In this study, a novel hybrid barium oxide-chitosan nanocomposite was synthesized through a facile and cost-effective co-precipitation method by doping barium oxide nanoparticles within the chitosan matrix at a weight percentage of 20 wt.% BaO-chitosan. A thin film of the novel hybrid material was produced by casting the nanocomposite solution in a petri dish. Several instrumental methods, including Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were used to analyze and characterize the structure of the BaO-CS nanocomposite. The chemical interaction with barium oxide molecules resulted in a noticeable displacement of the most significant chitosan-specific peaks in the FTIR spectra. When the surface morphology of SEM graphs was analyzed, a dramatic morphological change in the chitosan surface was also discovered; this morphological change can be attributed to the surface adsorption of BaO molecules. Additionally, the patterns of the XRD demonstrated that the crystallinity of the material, chitosan, appears to be enhanced upon interaction with barium oxide molecules with the active sites, OH and NH2 groups, along the chitosan backbone. The prepared BaO-CS nanocomposite can be used successfully as an effective heterogenous recyclable catalyst for the reaction of N,N'-(alkane-diyl)bis(2-chloroacetamide) with 2-(arylidinehydrazine)-1-carbothioamide as a novel synthetic approach to prepare 2-hydrazonothiazol-4(5H)-ones. This new method provides a number of benefits, including quick and permissive reaction conditions, better reaction yields, and sustainable catalysts for multiple uses.

Determining kinetic parameters for the thermal decomposition of double base propellant catalyzed by a graphene oxide–barium oxide nanocomposite

Determining kinetic parameters for the thermal decomposition of double base propellant catalyzed by a graphene oxide–barium oxide nanocomposite

Multifunctional Spirogyra-hyalina-Mediated Barium Oxide Nanoparticles (BaONPs): Synthesis and Applications.

This research aims to biosynthesize Barium oxide nanoparticles (BaONPs) for biomedical applications, using Spirogyra hyalina as a stabilizing and reducing agent. UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to physiochemically characterize the barium oxide nanoparticles, while antibacterial, minimum inhibitory concentration, antifungal, free radicle scavenging, and anti-inflammatory assay were performed to assess the therapeutic potential of the synthesized BaONPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed bands at 615 and 692 cm-1 that corresponded to the formation of BaONPs. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the spherical and flower-shaped morphology of BaONPs having an average diameter of 64.01 ± 2.0 nm. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial growth was halted by the barium nanoparticles, demonstrating their efficacy up to 19.12 ± 0.31 mm against E. coli, 18.83 ± 0.44 mm against Klebsiella pneumoniae, 17.31 ± 0.59 mm against P. aeruginosa, 16.56 ± 0.37 mm against S. aureus, and 15.75 ± 0.38 mm against S. epidermidis, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration was 9.0, 6.3, 5.5, 4.5, and 2.0 µg/mL for S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli, respectively. BaONPs were not that effective against fungal strains such as Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani, and Fusarium proliferatum. The BaONPs exhibited potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity through inhibiting cyclooxygenases type 1 (43.12 ± 1.21%) and 2 (41.23 ± 1.56%), and DPPH free radicles up to 43.52 ± 0.29% at 400 µg/mL. In conclusion, the biomolecules derived from Spirogyra hyalina have demonstrated remarkable ability to generate stable nanoparticles, offering promising prospects for their utilization as therapeutic agents and coating materials in various biomedical applications.

Correlated EPR and optical study of charge trapping phenomena in tellurite glasses. The role of barium oxide

Tellurite glasses of the compositions TeO2(60%)-ZnO(40%) and TeO2(60%)-ZnO(20%)-BaO(20%) were prepared in the bulk form with following grinding into powders. The samples were X-ray irradiated. The created charge trapping centers were studied in both types of samples using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The O− defect and two types of F+ centers were discovered. One of the F+ center remained unchanged whereas the other one as well as the O− defect were affected by the presence of BaO. Moreover, photo-, radio- and thermoluminescence (PL, RL, TL, respectively) methods were applied as well. The discovered charge trapping centers have been proven to influence luminescence properties as well – improving them in the TeO2(60%)-ZnO(40%) and vice versa degrading them in the TeO2(60%)-ZnO(20%)-BaO(20%) glasses. The effect was even stronger in the grinded samples as compared to the bulk ones. The role of the BaO has been disclosed as supporting oxygen leakage from the host.

Zinc-decorated barium oxide nanorods for the effective sunlight-induced catalytic degradation of Irgalite violet dye

Zinc-decorated barium oxide nanorods for the effective sunlight-induced catalytic degradation of Irgalite violet dye

Impacts of BaO additives on the mechanical, optical and radiation shielding properties of BaO–K2O– CoO–Al2O3–B2O3 glasses

This article reports the influence of barium oxide (BaO) on mechanical and radiation protection characteristics of BaO–K2O– CoO–Al2O3–B2O3 glass. The obtained results confirmed the enhanced the elastic moduli, confirming a high cross-linked density, high impact resistance, and toughness of the network, with the good mechanical stability of samples with further additives of BaO. In detail, with increasing BaO contents, it is observed that the shear modulus increased from 33.8 GPa reaching 37.7 GPa (increased by about 11.5%), while the longitudinal modulus enhanced from 100.5 GPa up to 117.4 GPa (enhanced by ⁓ 16.8%), besides Young's modulus augmented from 84.4 GPa to 95.3 GPa (augmented by ⁓ 13%), and bulk modulus is increased from 55.4 GPa reaching 67.2 GPa (increased by ⁓ 21.3%). These enhancements in the elastic moduli are attributed to the increased tetrahedral units (BO4 and AlO4 units) inside the glass matrix with increasing BaO additives. On the other hand, with increasing BaO, optical band gaps increase from 3.07 eV to 3.58 eV, and ligand field strength values decrease from 3494 cm−1 to 3273 cm−1. Furthermore, the addition of BaO reduces the linear and nonlinear refractive indices. Moreover, the obtained radiation shielding parameters were studied and compared to those of well-known shielding materials. The comparison confirmed that the glass specimen with the highest barium oxide content has better radiation shielding ability than others and is suitable for radiation shielding applications.

Design of the Lanthanum hexaboride based plasma source for the large plasma device at UCLA

The Large Plasma Device (LAPD) at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) produces an 18 m long, magnetized, quiescent, and uniform plasma at a high repetition rate to enable studies of fundamental plasma physics. Here, we report on a major upgrade to the LAPD plasma source that allows for more robust operation and significant expansion of achievable plasma parameters. The original plasma source made use of a heated barium oxide (BaO) coated nickel sheet as an electron emitter. This source had a number of drawbacks, including a limited range of plasma density (≲4.0 × 1012 cm−3), a limited discharge duration (∼10 ms), and susceptibility to poisoning following oxygen exposure. The new plasma source utilizes a 38 cm diameter lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) cathode, which has a significantly higher emissivity, allowing for a much larger discharge power density, and is robust to exposure to air. Peak plasma density of up to 3.0 × 1013 cm−33 in helium gas has been achieved. The typical operating pressure is ∼10−5 Torr, while dynamic pressure can be achieved through the gas-puffing technique. Discharges as long as 70 ms have been produced, enabling a variety of long-time-scale studies of processes, such as turbulent particle transport. The new source has been in continuous operation for 14 months, having survived air leaks, power outages that led to rapid temperature changes on the cathode and heater, and planned machine openings. We describe the design, construction, and initial operation of this novel new large-area LaB6 plasma source.

A model for identifying glass artifacts based on SOM clustering analysis and random forest algorithm

With the deepening of human awareness of heritage conservation today, the category identification of excavated glass artifacts is particularly important. This paper draws on data related to the chemical composition of some glass artifacts. The data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U analysis, SOM cluster analysis, and random forest algorithm, and a model was developed to accurately identify the categories of glass artifacts based on their chemical composition. The results show that the three chemical components of potassium oxide, barium oxide, and lead oxide have the greatest influence on the weathering and corrosion of glass artifacts through Mann-Whitney U analysis; the SOM cluster analysis model shows that the glass artifacts with high potassium can be divided into two subclasses, and the glass artifacts with lead and barium can be divided into three subclasses. Finally, we combined the results of the existing analysis and used the random forest algorithm to establish a model for accurate identification of glass artifacts based on their chemical composition. The sensitivity test shows that the model has high robustness and accuracy. This method will play an important role in the accurate identification of glass artifacts of unknown categories in the future.

An Investigation into the Composition Analysis and Identification of Ancient Glass Artifacts

This study employs association analysis and chi-square tests to examine the relationship between weathering and glass type, color, and patterns in ancient glass artifacts. The findings reveal a stronger association between lead-barium glass and weathering, with weaker associations for color and patterns. Combining both methods demonstrates that glass type exhibits the strongest correlation with weathering, followed by color, while patterns remain unrelated. Utilizing kernel density plot analysis, the research investigates variations in chemical composition pre- and post-weathering, predicting component content before weathering. The classification of glass is based on intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics, highlighting notable differences in potassium oxide, lead oxide, and barium oxide between high-potassium and lead-barium glass. Scatter plots further illustrate these compositional disparities. Applying a decision tree, glass is classified according to patterns, color, and surface weathering, determining the influence of various factors. Hierarchical clustering is then used to categorize chemical compositions, identifying five categories for lead-barium glass and nine for high-potassium glass.

Exploration And Analysis of Weathering Factors of Glass Artefacts Based on Cluster Analysis and Grey Correlation Analysis

The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the chemical composition of ancient glass artefacts after weathering and to construct a model for classifying and predicting the class of artefacts based on some of the characteristics of the ancient glass artefacts obtained. Cardinality tests, information entropy, cluster analysis, support vector machines and grey correlation are mainly used to conduct the study. Through chi-square test, the relationship between weathering of glass relics and glass type, glass color and glass pattern is explained. Finally, the relationship between weathering and glass type is closer. Information entropy was used to explain the relationship between the weathering of cultural relics and the content of chemical components contained in cultural relics. Among them, potassium oxide ( O) and calcium oxide (CaO) had the largest information gain. The effective information gain of lead barium is silicon dioxide (Si ), potassium oxide (PbO), copper oxide (CuO) and sodium oxide ( O). By using cluster analysis, the law analysis and corresponding subcategories of high-potassium cultural relics and lead-barium cultural relics are made, and 3-5 subcategories are formed. Support vector machine was used to judge the type of glass relics, and the final result was that A1, A6 and A7 were high potassium. A2, A3, A4, A5, A8 are lead barium; The correlation coefficient matrix was used to analyze the correlation between the chemical components in different kinds of cultural relics, and the differences were explained based on the results of grey correlation degree analysis. Finally, the conclusion was drawn: in the firing process of high-potassium glass, the substance with high potassium content as the co-solvent did not have an essential effect on the formation of high-potassium glass. However, lead barium glass is different. As lead ore (high content of lead oxide and barium oxide) is added as co-solvent in the firing process, lead barium glass produced by firing contains a large amount of lead oxide and barium oxide.

Synergistic Effect in Ionizing Radiation Shielding with Recent Tile Composites Blended with Marble Dust and BaO Micro/Nanoparticles

In this study, we investigated the impact of micro- and nano-sized barium oxide addition on the radiation-shielding properties of red clay tiles mixed with waste marble and different sizes of BaO (micro- or nanoparticles) for comparative analysis. The linear attenuation coefficients (LAC) of the prepared samples were measured using an HPGe detector between 0.060 and 1.333 MeV. Moreover, a comparison was made between the experimental micro-composites and values obtained by Phy-X software. The results revealed that the red clay/waste marble tile composites doped with nano-sized BaO demonstrated superior radiation-shielding properties compared to those doped with micro-sized BaO. At 1.33 MeV, WR-20mBaO (containing 20 wt % micro-sized BaO) and WR-20nBaO (containing 20 wt % nano-sized BaO) exhibited HVL values of 4.75 cm and 4.25 cm, respectively. The lower HVL value of WR-20nBaO indicates superior radiation-shielding performance, highlighting the potential benefits of using nano-sized BaO as a radiation-shielding additive. Our findings also demonstrated that increasing the amount of BaO deposited onto red clay mixed-waste marble resulted in improved radiation-shielding properties. Our study demonstrates that adjusting the concentration of BaO is a viable strategy for enhancing the radiation attenuation properties of red clay tiles. In addition, the addition of waste marble to the tiles enhances its mechanical properties, and it is also positively recycled in community service.

BaO–reinforced SiO2–Na2O–Ca(O/F2)–Al2O3 glasses for radiation safety: On the physical, optical, structural and radiation shielding properties

This paper reports on a study aimed at investigating the physical properties and radiation shielding capability of a low-cost, high-transparency silicate glassy system reinforced with barium oxide. The prepared glasses' elementary and modified network structures were analyzed using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, confirming their glass nature and revealing the progressive network depolymerization with BaO inclusion. Differential scanning calorimetry was employed to determine the glass transition temperature, which showed an increase with increasing BaO content. Tauc's plot was used to study the direct optical bandgap, which was observed to increase from 3.91 to 4.75 eV with BaO content from 0 to 30 mol%, linked to an increase in the average oxygen bond chain length and non-bridging oxygen atoms' creation. The density, molar volume, and oxygen packing density of the glass were found to increase with BaO addition, indicating that barium oxide promotes the formation of a compact network structure collapsing into a closely packed arrangement. At an X-ray energy of 40 keV, the mass attenuation coefficient increased from 0.67 to 11.48 cm2/g with BaO content. To assess the efficacy of theoretical calculations, we have conducted an experimental setup to measure the linear attenuation coefficient using an 241Am (59.5 keV) radiation source. Finally, the gamma shielding effectiveness was evaluated, and the sample containing 30 mol% of BaO showed superior radiation protection compared to concrete and was comparable to RS360 commercial glass.

Investigating the adsorption behavior of NOx molecules on γ-Al2O3(1 0 0)-supported proximal Pt-Ba clusters using density functional theory

The advancement of low to zero carbon fuels for internal combustion engines has made Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions a focal point of engine aftertreatment. Lean NOx Trap (LNT) is one of the most promising technologies for reducing NOx emissions in light-duty vehicles. The proximity of barium (Ba) to platinum (Pt) sites plays a significant role in the adsorption, reduction, and desorption of NOx inside LNT. A simultaneous loading of Pt clusters (Pt3) and barium oxide clusters ((BaO)2) on γ-Al2O3(100) was innovatively established in this study, and the effect of oxide carrier - triatomic catalyst clusters - bimolecular alkaline earth metal oxide clusters was considered comprehensively to examine the effect of Pt-Ba proximity on the NOx adsorption behavior. Interesting trends in the adsorption energy and activation of NOx molecules (including NO/NO2 and the strong greenhouse gas N2O) due to differences in the adsorption sites (from Pt sites to Pt-Ba proximity sites and finally to Ba sites) were found, and the essential reasons for such variations were elucidated by an exhaustive electronic structure analysis. The results of this study are an interesting complement to the current mechanism for storage and reduction of NOx.

Ultrasonic Velocity, Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity Studies on Barium Oxide: Silicone Oil Nanofluids

In this study, we focused on the preparation and characterization of Barium oxide (BaO): Silicone oil nanofluids with the assistance of ultrasonication. The purpose was to investigate the potential impact of these nanofluids on solar radiation absorption. To achieve this, six different concentrations (ranging from 0.01 g to 0.06 g) of BaO: Silicone oil nanofluids were prepared. The nanofluids were subjected to various characterization techniques to evaluate their properties. Ultrasonic velocity measurements were conducted to assess the dispersion quality and stability of the nanofluids. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was utilized to examine any potential interactions between the nanoparticles and the fluid medium. Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Visible) spectroscopy was employed to investigate the optical properties of the nanofluids, particularly their ability to absorb solar radiation. Additionally, electron microscopy analysis provided insights into the morphology and size distribution of the BaO nanoparticles. The results obtained from the UV-Visible analysis provided valuable information regarding the solar radiation absorption efficiency of the BaO: Silicone oil nanofluid systems. These findings contribute to our understanding of the potential application of these nanofluids in solar energy harvesting. Furthermore, the ultrasonic studies and FTIR analysis confirmed that there were no significant particle-fluid interactions, indicating the stability of the nanofluids. Thermal conductivity measurements were carried out to determine the heat transfer efficiency of the BaO: Silicone oil nanofluid system at different concentrations. The results revealed an optimal concentration that exhibited the highest heat transfer efficiency, suggesting the potential of these nanofluids for enhancing heat transfer processes. In conclusion, this study successfully prepared and characterized BaO: Silicone oil nanofluids. The analysis of their optical properties, stability, and thermal conductivity provides valuable insights into their potential application in solar radiation absorption and heat transfer systems. Further research can explore the practical implementation of these nanofluids in solar energy conversion and thermal management technologies.