Barium Borate Glasses Research Articles

Physical, elasto-mechanical and neutron-radiation shielding of barium borate glasses with distinct PtO2 concentrations

Physical, elasto-mechanical and neutron-radiation shielding of barium borate glasses with distinct PtO2 concentrations

Effect of melting time and temperature on radiation shielding and mechanical parameters of barium borate glass

Effect of melting time and temperature on radiation shielding and mechanical parameters of barium borate glass

Optimizing the composition of barium-borate glasses for enhancing thermal neutron shielding efficiency: Monte Carlo simulation

A transparent window with thermal neutron shielding properties was an important part of the stations of the nuclear reactors and the particle accelerators. The borate glass with a high neutron cross section was a candidate as a glass network for the neutron shielding window. In order to slow down thermal neutrons, they were trapped by boron and subsequently emitted secondary radiation, such as alpha particles and gamma-ray radiation. This work was to optimize the content between a ratio of borate with a high cross-section neutron interaction and barium for shielding alpha and gamma ray. The barium-borate glasses were successfully synthesized using the melting technique in the atmosphere. Measurements of mechanical and optical glass properties were presented. The measured results showed that an increase in barium oxide content in the glass ratio enhanced the glass density and the transmittance at a visible wavelength. In the calculation of radiation shielding properties, FLUKA code based on Monte Carlo Simulation was demonstrated. The calculated results revealed that an increase in the barium oxide content in the glass composition reduced the thermal neutron shielding properties of the glass samples. In contrast, the glass with barium contents enhanced the photon-shielding efficiency, as indicated by the mass attenuation coefficient and half-value layer. Not only the ratio of the barium and borate contents affected the shielding properties, but the increased glass thickness also enhanced the shielding properties. Thus, the utilization of cooperative borate glasses and barium with appropriate thickness could potentially serve as a viable option for simultaneously protecting against thermal neutrons and photons. The barium-borate glasses with our composition might be used as a window in a thermal neutron station as well as for photon radiation.

Influence of Co-formers on the radiation shielding properties of zinc incorporated barium borate glasses for radioactive waste storage applications

The primary objective of the current investigation is to explore a novel series of Dy3+ions doped Zinc incorporated barium borate glasses synthesized through the classic melt quenching approach for the application of radiation defending. In this examination, the co-formers TeO2, Bi2O3, V2O5 and one of the glass formers P2O5comprised individually with the glass network. The non-crystalline phase of fabricated glasses symbolized by the empirical formula (64−x) B2O3+xA+15BaO+20ZnF2+1Dy2O3 (where x = 0, 20; A = P2O5, TeO2, Bi2O3, V2O5) and these pristine glasses were characterized by various techniques. Structural investigations were done by XRD, FTIR approach. FTIR analysis reveals the existence of functional group and their corresponding band assignments in the glass samples were recognized. The UV–Visible–NIR absorption spectra elucidates the optical properties including the energy transitions concerned with the trivalent Dysprosium ion, Urbach energy, direct and indirect bandgap energy using Tauc's plot method. The vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) co-former comprised glass network exhibits highly contrary behavior in optical scrutiny compared to other glasses. The Physical, structural attributes along with elastic properties are deliberated for the prepared glasses. The ionicity and covalency estimation validates the fact that the present glass samples exhibit maximum ionic nature. Radiation shielding parameters such as mass attenuation coefficients (MAC), half value layer (HVL) and effective atomic number (Zeff) for the titled glasses have been enumerated, discussed and reported. Among the prepared glasses, Bi2O3 co-former comprised glass exhibit better efficiency than the available concrete shielding materials.

New lead barium borate glass system for radiation shielding applications: impacts of copper (II) oxide on physical, mechanical, and gamma-ray attenuation properties

Abstract The current work seeks to develop a novel CuO-doped lead calcium barium borate glass using the melt quenching method at 1100 °C. There was a 3.91–4.49 g/cm3 change in the fabricated glasses’ density, with a respective 0–15 mol.% increase in the CuO concentration. Additionally, substituting CuO for B2O3 reduced the fabricated glasses mechanical properties due to the decreased dissociation energy between 63.99 and 60.50 kcal/cm3, and the packing factor decreased between 15.22 and 13.23 cm3/mol. Through increasing the fabricated glasses’ CuO concentration, there was a decrease in the bulk, longitudinal, shear, and mechanical Young moduli. Moreover, Monte Carlo simulation (energy interval: 0.033–2.506 MeV) was employed to evaluate the fabricated glasses’ ability to shield gamma rays. A 0–15 mol.% increase in the CuO concentration raised the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) between 14.081 and 16.797 cm−1 (0.059 MeV), 0.325–0.371 cm−1 (0.662 MeV), and 0.154–0.176 cm−1 (2.506 MeV). The LAC enhancement reduced the required half value thickness of the fabricated glasses by 16.2 %, 12.53 %, and 12.85 % at the of 0.059, 0.662, and 2.506 MeV gamma ray energies.

Exploring luminescence dynamics in Ce3+/Er3+ co-doped lithium zinc barium borate optical glasses: A study for advancing photonic technologies

Lithium zinc barium borate glasses were synthesized using the melt-quenching method and doped with Ce3+, Er3+, and their combination. The study examines the influence of Ce3+ on the photoluminescence of Er3+ in these glasses. X-ray diffraction confirmed the amorphous nature of both undoped and doped glasses, while Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed the conversion of BO3 to BO4 units, and Raman spectroscopy indicated a phonon energy around 1136 cm−1. The Ce3+-doped glasses exhibited a blue emission at 447 nm due to the 5d→4f1 transition. Co-doping with Ce3+ and Er3+ led to decreased visible upconversion emissions but significantly enhanced near-infrared emissions at 1.53 μm. This enhancement is attributed to reduced non-radiative decay and improved energy transfer between Er3+ and Ce3+ ions, facilitated by the phonon energy of host glass. The 1.53 μm emission intensity in Ce3+/Er3+ co-doped glass was about 60% higher than in singly Er3+-doped samples, highlighting the potential of Ce3+ co-doping for broad amplification at 980 nm excitation.

Influence of various metal oxides (PbO, Fe2O3, MgO, and Al2O3) on the mechanical properties and γ-ray attenuation performance of zinc barium borate glasses

The current work aims to fabricate metal oxide-doped (PbO, Fe2O3, MgO, and Al2O3, each of which boasts a purity of 99%) zinc barium borate glasses through the melt quenching technique at the 1000 °C melting temperature. The results showed that adding 5 mol.% of metal oxides PbO, Fe2O3, Al2O3, and MgO increases the density of the zinc barium borate glasses. Additionally, the fabricated glasses' mechanical properties were determined based on the Makishima-Mackenzie model, which proved that the highest mechanical properties were achieved for glasses doped with Al2O3 compounds. The mechanical moduli for the glasses doped with Al2O3 reach 80.95 GPa (Young), 59.90 GPa (bulk), 31.75 GPa (shear), and 102.23 GPa (longitudinal). Additionally, the Al2O3-doped glasses' microhardness reaches 4.77 GPa. Moreover, estimation of the fabricated glasses' gamma-ray shielding capacity utilized Monte Carlo simulation. The highest linear attenuation coefficients are 29.132, 19.906, 19.243, and 18.923 cm−1 obtained at 0.033 MeV for glasses dopped by PbO, Fe2O3, MgO, and Al2O3, respectively. Therefore, glasses doped with 5 mol.% of PbO have high gamma-ray shielding capacities followed by glasses doped by Fe2O3.

Investigation of the role of fluorine on fabrication, physio-optical and radiation shielding properties of aluminum barium borate (ABB) glasses containing Er2O3

Investigation of the role of fluorine on fabrication, physio-optical and radiation shielding properties of aluminum barium borate (ABB) glasses containing Er2O3

Structural investigation and effect of gamma-ray irradiation on barium borate glasses containing vanadium oxide

This work investigates the structural changes induced in barium borate glasses by gamma irradiation doses and vanadium doping using FTIR spectroscopic technique. Binary Barium borate parent glass and samples of the same composition containing different concentrations of vanadium oxide with formula xV2O5-(65-x)B2O3-35BaO (x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10) were synthesized by melt quenching technique. FTIR spectroscopy approves the formation of both BO3 trigonal and BO4 tetrahedral structural units within the network backbone. V2O5 additions lead to borate network depolymerization by breaking B-O-B bonds and increasing V2O5 content causes systematic reductions in boroxol rings and B-O-B linkages, indicating disruption of the borate network. Gamma irradiation also damages the borate structure by cleaving B-O-B bonds in boroxol rings and BO3 units. This progressively converts BO3 to BO4 groups. Infrared spectroscopy reveals decreases in BO3 vibrations at higher doses as the network degrades. The radiation-induced network damage leads to changes in glass properties including thermal stability and hardness. A clearer understanding of borate structural modifications helps target these glasses for optical devices with controlled properties.

Investigated mechanical, physical parameters and Gamma-Neutron radiation shielding of the rare earth (Er2O3/CeO2) doped barium borate glass: Role of the melting time and temperature

In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of CeO2/Er2O3, melting time, and temperature on the physical, radiation shielding, and mechanical properties of a glass composition. Specifically, we examined a glass composition comprising of 60B2O3-(40-X) BaO-XMO (where MO- Er2O3/CeO2 and X = 0.5,1.0,1.5 mol percentage). To assess the radiation shielding capabilities of the glass structure, we conducted theoretical evaluations including determining the mass Attenuation Coefficients (MAC), Fast Neutron Removal Cross-Section (FNRCS), and Mean Free Path (MFP). Furthermore, the study involved investigating the mechanical properties of borate glasses with CeO2 and Er2O3 doping, specifically examining Young's modulus, Bulk modulus, Shear modulus, and Longitudinal modulus. The obtained results were then compared. In order to determine the radiation shielding parameters, the Phy-X/PSD program and Geant4 simulation were utilized, covering an energy range from 0 to 10 MeV. The results indicate that there is strong agreement between the Phy-X/PSD and Monte Carlo simulation results for MAC values for glass samples. Our research suggests that these glasses have superior radiation shielding capabilities compared to commonly used materials for blocking radiation. This suggests that these glasses have great potential for use as effective shielding materials in radiation protection applications. It was observed that doping 1.5 mol% of Er2O3 in the lowest temperature and the longest time decreased the reflectivity of the gamma rays of the barium borate glass compared to the doping 1.5 mol% of CeO2.

Effect of iron ion doping on mechanical, dielectric properties, and radiation protection effectiveness of lead barium borate glasses

Effect of iron ion doping on mechanical, dielectric properties, and radiation protection effectiveness of lead barium borate glasses

Structural characterisation of Pr3+ ions incorporated sodium lead Barium borate glasses

The Structural properties of 20Na2O – 10PbO – 10BaO –B2O3 – xPr2O3 glass doped with praseodymium have been investigated. The characterization techniques used for studying rare earth-doped glasses include energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for structural investigations. The concept of physical parameters plays a fundamental role in estimating the strength and structural compactness of the synthesized glass. Consequently, we investigated the influence of rare earth ions (Pr3+) concentration on physical properties. The nature and composition of the synthesized glass samples have been confirmed through Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results have been analyzed in view of the modified borate glass network.

Effect of 3d-transition metal ions on the structural, optical and magnetic properties of chromium-bearing barium borate glass

This article reports the effect of 3d-transition metal ions on the optical features of chromium ions bearing glass host. Interestingly, this study unveiled the charge transfer of Cr ions at high energy (at 347 nm), which is often hidden in earlier reports due to its vicinity to the glass edge, and its immersion in the lattice band of the glass host. In addition to the well-defined charge transfer at low energy (at 378 nm). In this vein, glass composition [(TM)1−(B2O3)80−(BaO)18.7−(Cr2O3)0.3], where TM is the transition metal ions in their oxide form, was prepared via the melt-quenching method at about 1100 °C. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the amorphous structure of the glass, and the chemical composition was examined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectra. The decrease in density (from 2.74 gcm−3 to 2.59 gcm−3) and the increase in molar volume (from 31.92 cm3mol−1 to 34.32 cm3mol−1) were demonstrated. Moreover, the refractive index is attained at an average value (1.50). The glass structure was studied using infrared spectroscopy, which elucidated an increase in N4 (33.2%–37.5 %) and an increase in NBO (15.3%-18.4 %). Bewitshingly, the charge transfer of Cr6+ ions, at high energy (347 nm), was explored. This, in turn, leads to a proper investigation of glass absorption edges that undergo a blue shift of about 1.25 eV. Adding 3d-transition metal ions affects crystal field splitting energy and interelectronic interaction within the d-orbitals of Cr ions. Finally, ESR data confirmed the Cr5+ state (with ESR signal at 1.92) and Cr3+ state (with ESR signal at 4.6, 4.07 and 2.04) of chromium ions. Such a cohesive investigation of the structure, optical and magnetic properties of 3d-transition metal ions-bearing chromium barium borate glass paved the route toward utilization of these samples in the optoelectronic realm.

Electron paramagnetic resonance and luminescence properties of Eu2+ in oxyfluoride barium borate glasses

The Eu-doped xBaO-(100-x)B2O3 and xBaF2-(100-x)B2O3 glasses were prepared by melting method under a reducing atmosphere, exhibiting broadband luminescence peaks of 4f65 d1→4f7 in the excitation range of 300–400 nm. PL, EPR, and XPS were used to analyze the effects of the Ba2+, F−, and Eu ion content on the Eu2+/Eu3+ ratio and Eu2+ emission wavelength and intensity. An excess of Ba2+ ions with a high optical basicity reduced the Eu2+/Eu3+ ratio and enhanced the ligand field strength surrounding the Eu2+ ions, decreasing the Eu2+ luminescence intensity and red-shifting the luminescence peak. The addition of F− had the effect of diminishing the optical basicity, decreasing the OH groups content and eliminating Eu2+ clusters, which not only mitigated the effects of the Ba2+ ions, but also significantly enhanced the luminescence intensity of Eu2+ ions. An increase in the Eu ion concentration led to a red-shift in the Eu2+ fluorescence, which was attributed to the nephelauxetic effect. Therefore, the luminescence color of these glass samples could be manipulated by adjusting the doping concentrations of Ba2+, F−, and Eu2+.

Quantum-Chemical Study of Synthesized Ultrafine Bi2O3–B2O3–BaO Glasses

The object of the study is ultrafine bismuth barium borate glasses 20Bi2O3–хBaO–(80−х)B2O3, х = 5, 10, or 20 mol % BaO, synthesized using a unique version of the sol–gel method and holding promise for fabricating functional crystalline glass ceramics, in particular, based on yttrium aluminum garnet. A DSC analysis of the obtained charge material with 0.5 μm spherical particles revealed their glassy state at temperaturesof 450–475°C. The presence of glass in particles of such a small size allows the use of the so-called cluster approximation in a quantum-chemical study of the geometric and electronic structure of glasses by the DFT/UB3LYP/LanL2DZ method. Calculated IR absorption spectra are compared with the experimental spectra of the obtained dispersed samples.

Lanthanide-doped glass light guides with bright luminance in the green spectral range

Dy3+ and Tb3+ single- and double-doped barium borate glasses are investigated for their luminescence properties. Their potential as luminescent light guide is evaluated on the basis of ray-tracing simulations. Transmission, photoluminescence, and quantum efficiency measurements serve as input data. The luminous flux at the end of the light guide depends significantly on its length as well as on the surface properties. The best results are obtained for light guides with the side faces coated with a 100% reflecting mirror and a rough output face with Lambertian scattering characteristics. For an excitation wavelength of 452 nm, the color impression at the end of a Dy3+/Tb3+ double-doped light guide shifts from blue for very short light guides via white for medium-size light guides to green-yellowish for relatively long light guides.

Boron coordination change in barium borate melts and glasses and its contribution to configurational heat capacity, entropy, and fragility.

High-energy x-ray diffraction from molten and glassy BaB2O4 and BaB4O7 has been performed using aerodynamic levitation and laser heating over a wide range of temperatures. Remarkably, even in the presence of a heavy metal modifier dominating x-ray scattering, it was possible to extract accurate values for the tetrahedral, sp3, boron fraction, N4, which declines with increasing temperature, using bond valence-based mapping from the measured mean B-O bond lengths while accounting for vibrational thermal expansion. These are used within a boron-coordination-change model to extract enthalpies, ΔH, and entropies, ΔS, of isomerization between sp2 and sp3 boron. The results for BaB4O7, ΔH = 22(3) kJ mol-1 boron, ΔS = 19(2) J mol-1 boron K-1, agree quantitatively with those found previously for Na2B4O7. Analytical expressions for N4(J, T) and associated configurational heat capacity, CPconf(J, T), and entropy, Sconf(J, T), contributions are extended to cover a wide composition range 0 ≤ J = BaO/B2O3 ≤ 3 using a model for ΔH(J) and ΔS(J) derived empirically for lithium borates. Maxima in the CPconf(J, Tg) and fragility index contributions are thereby predicted for J ≲ 1, higher than the maximum observed and predicted in N4(J, Tg) at J ≃ 0.6. We discuss the utility of the boron-coordination-change isomerization model in the context of borate liquids containing other modifiers and the prospect of neutron diffraction to aid in empirical determinations of modifier-dependent effects, illustrated by new neutron diffraction data on Ba11B4O7 glass, its well-known α-polymorph, and lesser-known δ-phase.

Analysis for the secondary gamma-ray emission for glasses irradiated with various doses of fast neutron: Case study borate and silicate glasses

Are borate and silicate glasses suitable for working as shieling materials against fast neutrons?To correctly answer the above question, some silicate, and borate-based glasses were fabricated and irradiated with various doses of fast neutrons varied between 1.73 and 12.10 MGy. The color and hardness of the fabricated glasses were affected by the fast neutron fluence where the transparent glasses turned colored as well as the hardness of the fabricated glasses was decreased. The gamma-ray spectrometric analysis shows a high activity concentration produced in the barium borate glasses due to the formation of radioisotopes Ba-131 and Ba-133 reaches to 5.92E+05 Bq and 4.25E+03 Bq, respectively for sample Cd-5 Batch 3. Additionally, the gamma-ray spectrometric analysis for the sodium silicate glasses shows low activity concentrations emitted from isotopes formed due to the activation of Y2O3-associated impurities. These activities are low compared to that emitted by barium borate-based glasses.

Energy Transfer in Dy3+ and Tb3+ Double-Doped Barium Borate Glass

In this work, single- and double-doped Dy3+ and Tb3+ barium borate glasses are investigated for their potential as light converters. The density and the absorption coefficient show linearly increasing trends with an increasing lanthanide content. The external quantum efficiency of the double-doped samples is a combination of the respective single-doped samples. The strong energy transfer from Dy3+ to Tb3+ results in an intense Tb3+-related emission, i.e., an intense green luminescence. Thus, excitation at a Dy3+-related wavelength of 452 nm enables a Tb3+-related emission, at which a single-doped Tb3+ sample barely shows any luminescence. Lifetime measurements show that there is not only an energy transfer from Dy3+ to Tb3+, but also vice versa.

Effect of BaO addition on gamma radiation shielding performance of sodium barium borate glasses using FLUKA code and PhyX/PSD platform

Novel Glass system with a formula of xBaO.(30− x).Na2O.70B2O3 (0 ≤x ≤ 30 mol%) have been prepared and examined. The BNaBax-glass structure was used to estimate the influence of BaO addition on the density and molar volume. There is a linear increase in density with increasing BaO concentration. The molar volume varies oppositely. Furthermore, the impact of barium oxide on the gamma and neutron radiation shielding capacities of xBaO.(30− x).Na2O–70B2O3 glasses have been investigated for radiation shielding applications. The μm: coefficient of mass attenuation for BNaBa-0, BNaBa-5, BNaBa-10, BNaBa-15, BNaBa-20, BNaBa-25, and BNaBa-30 glass samples were simulated using the Monte Carlo simulation FLUKA algorithm, in photon energy ranged 0.015MeV–15MeV, the resulting μm simulated results were compared with the Phy-X/PSD platform. The T1/2: half-value layer, λ: mean free path, Zeff: effective atomic number, EBF: exposure, and EABF: energy absorption buildup factors of the BNaBax-glass samples have been estimated. The results presented that a BNaBa-30-glass with a 30-mol.% concentration of BaO has the best gamma and neutron shielding capabilities than the other investigated BNaBax-glass samples.