Bare Necessities Research Articles

Key topic or bare necessity? How Research Ethics are Addressed and Discussed in Computational Communication Science

In Computational Communication Science (CCS) researchers grapple with intricate ethical challenges arising from the collection and analysis of complex data sets, often including sensitive or copyrighted data. Taking into consideration differences between the two main lines of philosophical reasoning in the realm of (research) ethics—deontology and consequentialism—we argue that ethical challenges faced in CCS are multidimensional and, hence, require multiple perspectives and approaches. Our general considerations are complemented by an empirical study that aims to assess the nature, prevalence, and discussion of ethical issues in CCS literature. Through a manual content analysis of 476 CCS publications, we shed light on ethical challenges as well as reflections thereof by CCS researchers. Notably, we find that only 5.88% of studies explicitly address general ethical considerations. Ethical review processes are also only mentioned in 6.51% of the considered studies, with the majority focusing on specific ethical procedures, such as obtaining informed consent, data anonymization measures, or debriefing. This suggests that, in the absence of consensus and field-specific standards, researchers in CCS prioritize context-specific ethical procedures, emphasizing the importance of flexibility in addressing ethical considerations.

A multimodal analysis of the English-to-Arabic adaptation of Disney’s “The Bare Necessities”

Abstract Due to the diverse roles that songs play in films and the growing need for movie distribution in various languages and cultures, the challenge of translating film songs from one language to another has become formidable. This research aims to apply the multimodal three-dimensional model proposed by Cui and Wang (2022. Film song translation: Verbal, vocal, and visual dimensions: On the Chinese translation of Amazing Grace in the film Forever Young. Babel 68(4). 565–585) to analyze the Arabic dubbed version of the 2016 film song “The Bare Necessities.” The analysis revealed that, verbally, the Arabic dubbed version of the song maintained the gay emotional tone and length but made adaptations to the information, metaphors, and images used in the source. Vocally, similar to the English source song, the Arabic dubbed version did not adhere to 1 m and has a 4/4 time signature, aligning with the catchy melody and reinforcing the song’s theme of embracing simplicity and savoring life’s essentials effortlessly. Finally, visually, the analysis showed that the Arabic dubbed version matches the plot, characters and background pictures on the screen. The study contributed by incorporating a visual analysis of songs, adding camera elements, namely camera movement and shot size, to gain a better understanding of the scenes under analysis. The use of over-the-shoulder shots created a sense of conversation that complements the duet, and the pan right and left during dancing added a vividness that matches the verbal gay tone and vocal lightness of the song. This finding, considering visual camera elements, can be regarded as a suggested revision to the original multimodal framework introduced by Cui and Wang. Further implications are discussed.

Addressing the Plight of Beauty Parlor Workers through Social Security Measures

Social security is bare necessity. While people working in organized sector are secured in many fronts, people working in unorganized sector lag behind the former. Federal and state governments in India have, however, created a variety of specialized initiatives, both protective and promotional in nature, to assist unorganized workers. The unorganized sector receives social security through publicly funded Social Assistance Programs, the Social Insurance Scheme, welfare monies from the federal and state governments, and other programs. In India, there are plenty of people employed in beauty salons. While some beauty parlours are organized and provide all sorts of security to their workers, some other parlours are purely unorganized and they don’t give priority on the security measures for their employees. Considering this, it is pertinent to ascertain the conditions of such workers and examine whether social security measures can help them fight out their plight. The study is based on qualitative primary data collected through in-depth interviews with some selected beauty parlor workers of Cuttack, Odisha. It is found that their lives are miserable without any social security measures. Thus, the social security measures extended to workers in organized sectors are needed to such beauty parlor workers who are there in an unorganized set up.

Sleep research in 2023: beyond the bare necessities

Sleep research in 2023: beyond the bare necessities

Birth under restrictions: Exploring women's experiences of maternity care in Aotearoa New Zealand during the COVID-19 lockdown of 2020

Introduction: In Aotearoa New Zealand the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 resulted in a four-week lockdown in March and April of 2020 with ongoing restrictions for several weeks. Aim: To explore the experiences of women who were pregnant, giving birth and/or managing the early weeks of motherhood during the 2020 COVID-19 alert levels 3 and 4 in Aotearoa New Zealand. Method: This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews to explore childbirth experiences during the COVID-19 alert level restrictions. Reflexive, inductive, thematic analysis was used to identify codes, subthemes and themes. Findings: Seventeen women participated in the study. Analysis of the qualitative interviews revealed four themes. The first of these was: Relationship with my midwife, in which participants described the importance of the midwifery continuity of care relationship, with midwives often going above and beyond usual care and filling the gaps in service provision. In the Disruption to care theme the participants described feeling anxious and uncertain, with concerns about the hospital restrictions and changing rules. The participants also described their Isolation during postnatal care in a maternity facility due to separation from their partners/whānau; they describe receiving the bare necessities of care, feeling they were on their own, and working towards their release home; all of which took an emotional and mental toll. The final theme, Undisturbed space, describes the positive aspects of the lockdown of being undisturbed by visitors, being better able to bond with the baby and being able to breastfeed in peace. Conclusion: Midwifery continuity of care appears to have supported these women and their families/whānau during the service restrictions caused by the COVID-19 lockdown. The partner, or other primary support person, and whānau should be considered essential support and should not be excluded from early postpartum hospital care.

Bare Necessities.

Bare Necessities.

The Situation of Orphaned Children in the World of Serfs and Peasants

AbstractThe present study, authored by a legal historian, examines the relationship between legal history and legal folklore through an investigation, centered on the market town of Szentes, one of a distinctive group of market towns in Hungary's Southern Great Plain, of the legal folklore that emerged at the end of the 18th century as a result of historical antecedents as well as demographic, economic, and social changes. The system of norms and values, the customary law, and the wealth of legal folklore that developed in these towns in the 18–19th centuries in the process of the emergence of the local middle class subsequently influenced the development of civil law at central level. The present study analyzes regulatory practice concerning orphans in the wills of the serfs and peasants living in the market towns of Hungary's Southern Great Plain, preserved primarily in local sources, based on entries in the “Book of Agreements” of the market town of Szentes. It seeks to identify the specific characteristics of guardianship customs in the world of the “lower class,” including how the position of widowed women and their responsibility for their children evolved, as well as expectations concerning stepfathers in the absence of guardianship. It also investigates how it became common practice in the market towns of the Southern Great Plain for the inheritance of the orphans of serfs not to be preserved in kind but rather sold, and, in an effort to preserve its value, the money was loaned out and the resulting interest was used to provide the bare necessities for the orphans.

Satisfaction Level and Mental Status among the Rohingya Refugees in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh

In Cox’s bazar, more over a million Rohingya refugees are currently residing in extremely precarious living conditions. They are all struggling to meet their bare necessities. This survey was carried out to better understand the current situation of Rohingyas, including their level of contentment and mental health. This study also looked at whether the participants wanted to return to their country of origin, their main problems, and how happy they were with the distribution of NGO/INGOs. This study will assist local, national, and international players in managing Rohingya refugees in Cox Bazar, Bangladesh, according to their requirements and in taking the necessary actions to return them to their homes.

Tackling climate change under time‐poverty: Cooperatives as temporal pacers

AbstractWe help to unravel how smallholder farmers in agricultural cooperatives can address the consequences of climate change. Climate change‐oriented actions often pose an extra challenge to cooperative members in time‐poverty, that is, to those who have no choice but to work long hours yet remain consumption poor. Tackling climate change requires future‐oriented action toward unpredictable events, whereas time‐poverty requires people to deal with the bare necessities of the present. Through a qualitative inductive study of Rwandan smallholder farmers in agricultural cooperatives, we observe that climate change increases time‐poverty, especially for women, and that smallholder farmers are hesitant to invest their time in making climate change adaptations. We find that smallholder farmers can overcome these challenges through membership of agricultural cooperatives, which can help in pacing climate change actions.

The Simple Bare Necessities: Scales and Paradoxes of Thrift on a London Public Housing Estate

AbstractThis article tracks how a trope of middle-class household thrift, grounded on the autarchic Aristotelianoikos, has long fueled derogatory discourses in Britain aimed at low-income urban residents who practice quite different forms of thrift. Since the 1970s this trope has migrated across scales, proving a potent metaphor for national economic policy and planetary care alike, and morally and economically justifying both neoliberal welfare retraction compounded by austerity policies and national responses to excessive resource extraction and waste production. Both austerity and formal recycling schemes shift responsibility onto consumer citizens, regardless of capacity. Further, this model of thrift eclipses the thriftiness of low-income urban households, which emerges at the nexus of kin and waged labor, sharing, welfare, debt, conserving material resources through remaking and repair and, crucially, the fundamental need for decency expressed through kin care. Through a historicized ethnography of a London social housing estate and its residents, this paper excavates what happens as these different forms and scales of household thrift coexist, change over time, and clash. Ultimately, neoliberal policy centered on an inimical idiom of thrift delegitimizes and disentitles low-income urban households and undermines their ability to enact livelihood practices of sustainability and projects of dignity across generations.

Basic Amenity and the Caste Conundrum: A Study of the Dalit Communities in East Uttar Pradesh

Dalits lack the bare necessities, such as living in substandard houses with constrained space and rooms devoid of the kitchen, bathroom, and sanitation facilities; with a minuscule living area and limited access to safe drinking water. These aspects of civic amenities are empirically examined with qualitative and quantitative approach in east Uttar Pradesh using significant variables such as housing conditions, access to safe drinking water and toilet availability in households. The article also discuss the dimension and level of civic amenities in Dalit households. Based on research-based field data and ethnography, poverty and a lack of civic amenities are the convoluted pathways and fundamental causes of Dalit families living in poor health, unhygienic conditions and without sanitation. The explanation justifies how Dalits’ lack of public amenities, particularly in micro-settlements, intentionally manifests organized caste identity.

Reconceptualizing Necessity Entrepreneurship

Recent scholarly work on necessity entrepreneurship has highlighted shortcomings in theoretical development underlying the construct and, by extension, limitations in our understanding of the behaviors of individuals we assign to this category. While necessity entrepreneurs compose a sizable proportion of the world’s entrepreneurs (approximately 30% according to Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data), theory about their behavior remains sparse, and our understanding of who they are, their motivations and their outcomes remains limited. Often conceptualized within a push-pull framework, necessity entrepreneurship occurs when individuals are pushed into entrepreneurship by negative forces, as opposed to opportunity-motivated entrepreneurship, which occurs when individuals are pulled into founding a venture by the attractiveness of an opportunity. This push-pull framework has resulted in a dichotomous view that, despite being widely used, some scholars have described as over-simplified, and unable to account for the wide array of antecedents, processes and outcomes. In this symposium, we convene established scholars who routinely use these constructs in the field. We highlight recent work to develop the constructs, identify use cases where a dichotomous framing of entrepreneurial motivation is insufficient, and suggest ways to develop a more meaningful framework moving forward. This symposium aims to contribute by further developing our understanding of the necessity entrepreneur, by considering new frameworks to better explain the nuance in nascent entrepreneurial motivation, and by discussing practical steps for measuring these constructs in the field. Entrepreneurial Processes Under the Condition of Basic Needs Presenter: Marc B. Gruber; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Blurred Lines: NE and OE Amongst Rural Coffee Farmers Presenter: Robert Nason; McGill U. - Desautels Faculty of Management Presenter: Pierre-Yann Dolbec; John Molson School of Business, Concordia U. Entrepreneurship in Response to the COVID-19 Crisis: The Fine Line Between Necessity and Opportunity Presenter: Angelique Slade Shantz; U. of Alberta School of Management Presenter: Madeline Toubiana; U. of Alberta Necessity Entrepreneurship: A Construct Cut Adrift? Presenter: Philip James O'Donnell; Dublin City U. Presenter: Margot Leger; Utrecht U. School of Economics The (Not-So) Bare Necessities of Entrepreneurship Presenter: David Gras; U. of Tennessee Presenter: Ace Beorchia; U. of Tennessee A Needs-Based View of Entrepreneurial Motivation Presenter: Sanwar A. Sunny; U. of Baltimore Presenter: Chad David Coffman; U. of Missouri, Kansas City

An Experiential Study of ‘Conditional Agency’ of Bengali Widows with Reference to the Autobiographies of Saradasundari Devi and Rassundari Devi

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth-century Bengal emerged a new batch of educated widows who were distinguishable from the traditional Bengali Hindu widows because of their remarkable self-consciousness about their peripherality within the social order. The intention of my article is that of disputing the prevalent assumption of the homogeneity of the widowed experience in Bengal society by drawing attention to the heterogeneous individualities resulting from stratifications within these emergent widow populations, owing to different lifestyles, varying degree of access to education, diverse social standings, and various forms of suppression. Rassundari Devi’s Amar Jibon (1876) and Saradasundari Devi’s Atmakatha (1913) are accounts of the experience of widows who were marginalized by society, handed the bare minimum necessities for their existence, and deprived of the pleasures of the traditional experiences of motherhood. I propose the term ‘New Widows’ to highlight how the effects of education modified their individuality in unconventional directions, as reflected in the fictional narratives by Rabindranath Tagore and others. Close attention to the texts shows that the disparity between the aspirations of the New Widow, and her limited reach and frustration results in an acute self-awareness.

ACCESS OF BARE NECESSITIES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SANGLI DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA

The present study examines that the sectorial inequalities in access of bare necessities to the people by the Bare Necessitates Index (BNI) of Sangli district at the tehsil level along with the sector. This is an innovative study for the Sangli district and it covered all ten tehsils along with sectorial i.e., rural and urban to the grassroots level analysis of BNI. The estimation of the Bare Necessitates Index (BNI) of the Sangli district is based on Census 2011 data. Main observations of this study, the BNI of Shirala and Walwa total, rural and urban has a high category, it all indicates that the better access of basic/bare necessities to total, rural and urban people. Overall estimation of Bare Necessities Index (BNI) of Sangli district total, rural as well as urban has a very low category. It treated access of bare necessities to total, rural as well as urban people are very low in Sangli district. Sectoral analysis of BNI indicates that the access of bare necessities to rural people is very low than urban people in Sangli district.

ASSESSMENT OF BARE NECESSITIES INDEX AND SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD SECURITY INDEX OF SATARA DISTRICT MAHARASHTRA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

The present paper examined the estimation and relationship between the Sustainable Livelihood Security Index (SLSI) and Bare Necessities Index (BNI) of rural area in Satara district. It covered four selected tehsils to analyze the relationship between the Sustainable Livelihood Security Index (SLSI) and the Bare Necessities Index (BNI). The exercise of estimation of SLSI based on three main dimensions i.e., social equity, economic efficiency, and ecological security along with its three sub-indicators of each dimension. Likewise. the estimation of BNI of Satara district is based on five main dimensions i.e., access to clean water, sanitation, housing, micro-environment, and other facilities also their 15 sub-indicators. This study observed that Mahabaleshwar tehsil has the lowest BNI and SLSI ranking whereas Koregoan tehsil was highest in BNI and second highest in SLSI. Phaltan tahsil has the highest SLSI whereas second highest in BNI as compared to selected tehsils in Satara district. The Bare Necessities Index (BNI) of Satara district was 0.531 whereas Sustainable Livelihood Security Index (SLSI) 0.566 during study period. Hence overall position of Satara district BNI and SLSI comes under medium category. KEYWORDS: Sustainable Livelihood Security Index, Bare Necessities Index

The bare necessities of plant K+ channel regulation.

Potassium (K+) channels serve a wide range of functions in plants from mineral nutrition and osmotic balance to turgor generation for cell expansion and guard cell aperture control. Plant K+ channels are members of the superfamily of voltage-dependent K+ channels, or Kv channels, that include the Shaker channels first identified in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster). Kv channels have been studied in depth over the past half century and are the best-known of the voltage-dependent channels in plants. Like the Kv channels of animals, the plant Kv channels are regulated over timescales of milliseconds by conformational mechanisms that are commonly referred to as gating. Many aspects of gating are now well established, but these channels still hold some secrets, especially when it comes to the control of gating. How this control is achieved is especially important, as it holds substantial prospects for solutions to plant breeding with improved growth and water use efficiencies. Resolution of the structure for the KAT1 K+ channel, the first channel from plants to be crystallized, shows that many previous assumptions about how the channels function need now to be revisited. Here, I strip the plant Kv channels bare to understand how they work, how they are gated by voltage and, in some cases, by K+ itself, and how the gating of these channels can be regulated by the binding with other protein partners. Each of these features of plant Kv channels has important implications for plant physiology.

The Impact of the Green March on Modern Moroccan Society

This research aims to examine (a) the historical context of the Moroccan Green March and (b) the impact of this profound social, political, economic, military, and religious event on modern day Moroccan society and culture. On the 6th of November 1975, approximately 350,000 Moroccans, entirely unarmed, descended upon the small town of Tarfaya, some 900km away from the Moroccan capital, Rabat. They awaited a signal directly from HM King Hassan II, to enter what is known to be Western Sahara, or ‘Moroccan Sahara’. When that signal came, the masses, brandishing only bare necessities, holding aloft Moroccan flags and the holy Quran, entered Spanish-held Western Sahara. The Spanish troops were ordered not to fire upon the Moroccan civilians, who sought to ‘take back’ what was considered to be territory integral to the history, culture and owners of the Moroccan people and the Kingdom of Morocco. Whilst those who took part did seek (and receive) permission from the Moroccan Monarch, the impetus for this action came from within society, not from the Monarch of government. The Green March has a substantial effect on Moroccan society to this day, and songs are sung about it (such as ‘Sawt El Hassan’) and postage stamps are issued to commemorate the momentous event.

Bare necessities? The utility of full skin examination in the COVID-19 era.

SummaryFull skin examination (FSE) may improve the detection of malignant melanoma (MM). The objective of this study was to assess the safety of targeted lesion examination (TLE) compared with FSE in our Pigmented Lesion Clinic (PLC). Patients attending the PLC were randomized in a 2 : 1 ratio to FSE (intervention) or TLE (standard care). Demographic details and risk factors were documented, and the time taken to perform FSE and TLE was noted. Of 763 participants, 520 were assigned to FSE and 243 were assigned to TLE. On average, FSE took 4.02 min and TLE took 30 s to perform. Of the 520 participants assigned to FSE, 37 (7.1%) had incidental findings, of whom 12 patients (2.3%) had additional lesions biopsied. No additional melanomas were detected that would have been missed by use of the standard protocol. This study suggests that in low‐risk patients referred to a PLC with a lesion of concern, the possibility of missing incidental cutaneous malignancies using lesion‐directed examination is low.

Seasonal sugarcane harvesters of Gujarat: trapped in a cycle of poverty.

Based on primary data collected from the households of Dangs district in South Gujarat, India, the paper shows that every year a third of young adults migrate to Surat district and neighbouring areas for half a year to work as sugarcane harvesters. The data show that they live in temporary shelters in harsh conditions with bare minimum necessities and amenities. A large share of their earnings, much lower than the minimum wage rate for agricultural labour, is used to pay the labour contractors who provide cash advances during the lean post-monsoon months. Paying back the principal amount with hefty interest on it traps generations of migrant workers in the vicious cycle of poverty and indebtedness.

Pripovetka Korito Svetomira Arsića Basare - prilog tumačenju književnosti

This work will attempt to interpret the process of psychologization and characterisation of characters of the short story Korito by Svetomir Arsić Basara, a famous artist, academic, sculptor, and writer. The aim is to show how the context influenced the creation of the short story, bearing a distinct biographical dimension. Korito is a story of the real and tough life of the people in the Šar-mountain area-poverty and the struggle for survival in the amazing but ruthless nature of the mountain region. In the souls and consciousness of all the characters of the story, a kind of psychological drama takes place due to the anguish of a torturous and gloomy life in poverty. In the whirlpool of mixed feelings and the struggle for bare necessities, a rift occurs in their souls, especially the souls of children. That rift will endure and shape their maturation, growing up, and creation. Therein lies the motivation for this story.