Bare Condition Research Articles

Carbon-Based Quantum Dots for Supercapacitors: Recent Advances and Future Challenges.

Carbon-based Quantum dots (C-QDs) are carbon-based materials that experience the quantum confinement effect, which results in superior optoelectronic properties. In recent years, C-QDs have attracted attention significantly and have shown great application potential as a high-performance supercapacitor device. C-QDs (either as a bare electrode or composite) give a new way to boost supercapacitor performances in higher specific capacitance, high energy density, and good durability. This review comprehensively summarizes the up-to-date progress in C-QD applications either in a bare condition or as a composite with other materials for supercapacitors. The current state of the three distinct C-QD families used for supercapacitors including carbon quantum dots, carbon dots, and graphene quantum dots is highlighted. Two main properties of C-QDs (structural and electrical properties) are presented and analyzed, with a focus on the contribution to supercapacitor performances. Finally, we discuss and outline the remaining major challenges and future perspectives for this growing field with the hope of stimulating further research progress.

Operational Modal Analysis, Testing and Modelling of Prefabricated Steel Modules with Different LSF Composite Walls.

The modal properties of modular structures, such as their natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes, are different than those of conventional structures, mainly due to different structural systems being used for assembling prefabricated modular units onsite. To study the dynamic characteristics of modular systems and define a dynamic model, both the modal properties of the individual units and their connections need to be considered. This study is focused on the former aspect. A full-scale prefabricated volumetric steel module was experimentally tested using operational modal analysis technique under pure ambient vibrations and randomly generated artificial hammer impacts. It was tested in different situations: [a] bare (frame only) condition, and [b] infilled condition with different configurations of gypsum and cement-boards light-steel framed composite walls. The coupled module-wall system was instrumented with sensitive accelerometers, and its pure and free vibration responses were synchronously recorded through a data acquisition system. The main dynamic characteristics of the module were extracted using output-only algorithms, and the effects of the presence of infill wall panels and their material are discussed. Then, the module’s numerical micromodel for bare and infilled states is generated and calibrated against experimental results. Finally, an equivalent linear strut macro-model is proposed based on the calibrated data. The contribution of this study is assessing the effects of different infill wall materials on the dynamic characteristics of modular steel units, and proposing simple models for macro-analysis of infilled module assemblies.

A novel impedimetric sensor for trace level detection of dimethyl sulfide (DMS)

An easy and effective method for the preparation of a new impedimetric sensor used in the detection of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) at a nanomolar level is presented. The sensor was prepared in two steps from a commercially available screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE): a simple activation of the SCPE using cyclic voltammetry followed by electroless plating of the working electrode surface with gold clusters. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques confirmed the successful functionalization of the SPCE, revealing the presence of gold particles dispersed on the carbon matrix. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to study the sensitivity of the sensor towards DMS dissolved in aqueous solution and simulated ocean water. Analyses were performed in less than 3 min, and the sensor showed linearity in a concentration range from 1.0 × 10−10 to 1.0 × 10−8 M with a limit of detection of 1.50 × 10−9 M and a limit of quantification of 2.27 × 10−9 M. To simulate the marine environment in which DMS is naturally present in nature, the impedance of the sensor was monitored by online EIS. Moreover, results indicated that, despite not linearly, the sensor is a promising tool to detect the analyte even at 1.0 × 10−11 M, presenting an increase of resistance of 13.5% in relation to its bare condition.

Corrosion of coated aluminium alloy 7075-T6 galvanic test assemblies, part II: impact of fastener through-hole condition

ABSTRACT The influence of the condition of through-holes on the corrosion of galvanic test assemblies was studied. Holes in coated aluminium alloy 7075-T6 were tested as received, in a worst-case bare condition and with extra protection. Regions away from fastener holes were also tested. Corrosion performance was assessed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in immersed conditions. Defects in the coatings at through-holes of as-received panels resulted in degraded corrosion performance, which could be mitigated by the application of additional protection. The presence of a fastener in the hole affected the corrosion performance for all three conditions even without galvanic coupling interactions. Galvanic interactions were studied on panels exposed to ASTM B117 salt fog conditions, where the through-hole condition also had a large effect.

Evaluation of Hydromulches as an Erosion Control Measure Using Laboratory-Scale Experiments

Discharge of sediment-laden stormwater from active construction sites, such as highway construction projects, continues to be a growing concern in the construction industry. Therefore, there has been an increased interest in research efforts to test many different erosion and sediment control practices. The purpose of this research effort was to test the laboratory-scale performance of four hydromulches and two methods of mulching (crimped and tackified), normalized to a bare soil control condition using 0.6 m (2 ft) wide by 1.2 m (4 ft) long test plots. The treatments consisted of a (1) bare soil control, (2) conventional straw, crimped, (3) conventional straw, tackified, (4) wood fiber hydromulch, (5) straw and cotton hydromulch, (6) cotton fiber reinforced matrix hydromulch, and (7) bonded wheat fiber matrix hydromulch. Each treatment was subject to simulated rainfall, divided into four 15 min rainfall events with 15 min breaks in between, producing a total cumulative rainfall of 11.2 cm (4.4 in.). To determine the overall performance of each treatment, turbidity and soil loss measurements were continuously collected from plot runoff. The products tested provided a reduction in turbidity of 80%, 98%, 85%, 92%, 95%, and 99%; and a soil loss reduction of 96%, 98%, 94%, 97%, 99%, and 100%, respectively. Overall, the results showed that the four tested hydromulch practices and conventional straw applications were successful in controlling and reducing erosion under laboratory-scale simulated rainfall conditions.

Development of an Energy Efficient Stern Flap for Improved EEDI of a Typical High speed Displacement Vessel

The surge in maritime trade is leading to large scale deployment of high-speed displacement ships by all nations. Cargo vessels are designed for a voyage in pre-determined routes at consistent speeds. On the other hand, high-speed displacement vessel engines designed with a capability to cater for top speeds are under-utilised during their normal course of operation. This sub-optimal utilisation impacts efficiency and increases emissions. In this study, a most favourable stern flap is designed for reducing the energy efficiency design index of a typical high-speed displacement vessel with a slender hull. CFD simulations and experimental model testing were conducted for 12 different stern flap configurations for determining most favourable flap design in the Froude no of 0.17-0.48. Performance of the most favourable stern flap was established by calculating, energy efficiency design index (EEDI) and fuel consumption based on typical operating profile. NOx, VOC and PM emissions were estimated in with and without flap condition. Studies demonstrated that the stern flap reduced effective power demand, average fuel consumption and emissions by about 8 per cent, which when considered for the ship’s operating life cycle, are significant. The most favourable stern flap reduced EEDI by 3.74 units and 1.98 units as compared to the bare hull condition and the required EEDI respectively, thereby demonstrating that EEDI could be used as an index to indicate stern flap efficiency.

Assorted micro-scale interdigitated aluminium electrode fabrication for insensitive electrolyte evaluation: zeolite nanoparticle-mediated micro- to nano-scaled electrodes

Biosensor with insensitive electrolyte variation is one of the basic norms to be investigated for developing a high-performance disease diagnostic with a non-biofouling. On the other hand, the optimum dimension of biosensor plays a significant factor to be considered for generating a biosensensing system with a least influence by the buffering agents. In this research, interdigitated aluminium electrode (AlIDE) with four different microscale gap sizes, 400, 100, 60 and 45 µm were fabricated through a photolithography technique on the silicon substrate. The accuracy of the device fabrication was justified by the morphological examination using field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-power microscopy and 3D-nano profilometer. The current amplified by four devices under bare condition was 2.55E−3 A at 2 V explains the accuracy of the device fabrication and the uniformity in the electric flow. Electrolyte scouting was executed on the fabricated AlIDEs with the pH ranges between 1 and 12, the results interpret small gap sized AlIDEs (60 and 45 µm) show the variation in the current with different pH solutions due to the ionic flux. The insensitivity of zeolite nanoparticle (~ 10 nm size) attached AlIDE with 400 µm and 100 µm at different pH solutions were analyzed. Linear current curves with least variations were attained from pH 1 to 11. At 2 V voltage supply, the amount of current generated by AlIDE with and without zeolite attachment during pH scouting were same (1E−4 A), with the same microscale gap sizes. However, there was no current fluctuation observed with zeolite attached AlIDE during pH scouting analysis. Further, the chemically functionalized zeolite nanoparticle behaves better than unmodified one and gold nanoparticle with the similar modifications. The results obtained in the present research denotes that microscale gap size was altered to nanoscale gap size in the presence of nanomaterials on the AlIDE sensing surface, enhances the sensitivity of the device and improves the insensitivity of device to the electrolytes. Thus, optimum microscale gap sized AlIDE is easier to fabricate, could be utilized for medical diagnostics with insensitive pH variation through the advanced physiochemical properties of nanomaterials.

Detection Phase Growth of Paddy Crop Using SAR Sentinel-1 Data

Paddy growth monitoring is necessary conducted to ensure successful the harvest and production of paddy. The monitoring can be done by using satellite data, both optical and radar data, which can cover a large area and time observation frequency for seasonal crops, such as paddy. In tropical area, cloudy day usually happen, so that problems can’t be handle with optical data. Utilization of radar data that can penetrate the cloud condition can solve the problem, either as a complement of optical data or used alone to monitor the growth phase of paddy. The research was conducted to investigate the capability of Sentinel 1 SAR multi temporal data to detect the growth phase of paddy crop. The research was done in paddy fields belong to Sang Hyang Sri, Subang, West Java during the planting season of 2017. The results found that SAR data in dual polarization (HV, VV), and both combination can be used to detect paddy phase, such as early planting, vegetative, generative, and bare condition after harvesting.

Translucent Photodetector with Blended Nanowires-Metal Oxide Transparent Selective Electrode Utilizing Photovoltaic and Pyro-Phototronic Coupling Effect.

ZnO is a potential candidate for photodetection utilizing the pyroelectric effect. Here, a self-biased and translucent photodetector with the configuration of Cu4 O3 /ZnO/FTO/Glass is designed and fabricated. In addition, the pyroelectric effect is effectively harvested using indium tin oxide (ITO), silver nanowires (AgNWs), and a blend of AgNWs-coated ITO as the transparent selective contact electrode. The improved rise times are observed from 1400 µs (bare condition; without the selective electrode) to 69, 60, 7 µs, and fall times from 720 µs (bare condition) to 80, 70, 10 µs for corresponding ITO, AgNWs, and AgNWs-coated ITO contact electrodes, respectively. Similarly, the responsivity and detectivity are enhanced by about 4.39 × 107 and 5.27 × 105 %, respectively. An energy band diagram is proposed to explain the underlying working mechanism based on the workfunction of the ITO (4.7 eV) and AgNWs (4.57 eV) as measured by Kelvin probe force microscopy, which confirms the formation of type-II band alignment resulting in the efficient transport of photogenerated charge carriers. The functional use of the transparent selective contact electrode can effectively harness the pyro-phototronic effect for next-generation transparent and flexible optoelectronic applications.

Analysis of Weather-Type-Induced Soil Erosion in Cultivated and Poorly Managed Abandoned Sloping Vineyards in the Axarquía Region (Málaga, Spain)

New trends related to market incomes, cultural human development, non-sustainable soil management practices, and climate change are affecting land abandonment in Mediterranean sloping vineyards. It is generally accepted that hydrological processes and, subsequently, soil erosion rates are usually different between cultivated and abandoned soils. However, these alterations are still poorly studied in relation to the general weather conditions in vineyards and abandoned vineyards. Thus, the main goals of this research are to (1) estimate the differences in soil properties, (2) quantify water and soil losses due to rainfall and specific soil management practices, and (3) analyze which kind of weather type and rainfall event is able to generate specific surface flows and soil loss rates. To achieve these goals, we focused on the specific case of the sloping vineyards of the Montes de Málaga (South Spain). We used 4 paired-erosion plots with Gerlach troughs to quantify soil loss and surface flow and conducted an analysis of the weather conditions during each rainfall event. The weather types that generated the highest amount of rainfall in the studied area came from the western (32.6%) and southeast (28.2%) types. The low rainfall events came from the south type (5.9%) and at the 500 hPa level, whereas the rainiest ones came from the southwest (47.7%) and south (34.1%). It is confirmed that there is a bimodality in the rainfall patterns. The results of soil erosion showed that there is a mixed mechanism depending on the state of the soil (vegetation cover, compaction, and initial soil moisture), soil management (tillage, trampling effect, and the use of herbicides). It is observed that the intensity of surface flow is highly correlated to the total rainfall amount and intensity. In the poorly managed abandoned plot, it is important to remark that the effect of tillage in the past, the elimination of the vegetation cover to preserve the soil in bare condition, and its use as a grazing area by cultivating barley highly affects the generation of the highest erosive events. Therefore, it is confirmed that these soil management options are not the most sustainable way to conserve the soil after the abandonment of cultivation.

Heeled Shoes Increase Knee Work Demand During Repeated Hopping in Dancers.

Dancers have high injury rates of the lower extremity. External factors such as footwear likely alter the work demands placed on the lower extremity joints when performing dance-style movements. Research on pedestrians shows an increase in knee work demand when wearing heels, which may occur in dancers as well. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of heeled shoes on lower extremity joint work demand during a basic dance-specific jump (sauté) in dancers when compared to barefoot. Ten healthy, female dancers (age 25.6±4.7 yrs; height 1.7±0.1 m; weight 64.9±9.2 kg; mean years of dance training 17.6±6.4) performed repetitive vertical bipedal dance jumps (sautés) barefoot as well as wearing heeled dance shoes. Sagittal plane hip, knee, and ankle kinetics were calculated. Percentages of work done by these joints were calculated in comparison to the work done by the leg as a whole and compared between the two conditions. During a dance-specific jump, the percent contribution of energy absorption was significantly different at the ankle and knee between the two conditions. The ankle contribution decreased from 50.7±6.1% in the bare condition to 34.9±5.3% in the shod condition (p=0.002), and the knee contribution increased from 38.6±3.9% barefoot to 55.1±2.8% shod (p=0.002). The same pattern was seen for energy generation, with the ankle contribution decreasing from 48.1±7.3% to 35.6±6.9% and the knee contribution increasing from 43.3±5.6% to 56.4±6.1% in the bare vs shod condition (both p=0.002). There was no significant difference in the percent contribution from the hip. With heeled shoes, there is a shift in work demand from the ankle to the knee with no change at the hip as compared to barefoot.

Microstructure and wear behaviour of laser hardened SAE 4130 steels

Low alloy SAE 4130 steel had been laser hardened for the microstructure, hardness and wear characterisation. An almost fully martensitic layer, with case depth of approximately 0.5 mm, was obtained by defocusing a fibre laser by 50 mm. The best results were produced by 600 W laser powers, a beam defocusing of 50 mm and a speed of 8 or 10 mm/s, where a maximum hardness of 390 HV was obtained compared to 220 HV of the base material. The laser treated surfaces presented a combination of oxides and wear behaviour distinctly superior to the bare surface. The coefficients of friction (COF) of the lasered surfaces were approximately half of the bare condition. The average COF maximum value and standard deviation was superior for the bare compared to the lasered conditions. Finally, the wear rate is three times larger in the unlasered sample compared to the laser treated ones.

Microstructure and wear behaviour of laser hardened SAE 4130 steels

Low alloy SAE 4130 steel had been laser hardened for the microstructure, hardness and wear characterisation. An almost fully martensitic layer, with case depth of approximately 0.5 mm, was obtained by defocusing a fibre laser by 50 mm. The best results were produced by 600 W laser powers, a beam defocusing of 50 mm and a speed of 8 or 10 mm/s, where a maximum hardness of 390 HV was obtained compared to 220 HV of the base material. The laser treated surfaces presented a combination of oxides and wear behaviour distinctly superior to the bare surface. The coefficients of friction (COF) of the lasered surfaces were approximately half of the bare condition. The average COF maximum value and standard deviation was superior for the bare compared to the lasered conditions. Finally, the wear rate is three times larger in the unlasered sample compared to the laser treated ones.

Effects of soil type and rainfall intensity on sheet erosion processes and sediment characteristics along the climatic gradient in central-south China

Soil erosion poses a major threat to the sustainability of natural ecosystems. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of soil type and rainfall intensity on sheet erosion processes (hydrological, erosional processes and sediment characteristics) from temperate to tropical climate. Field plot experiments were conducted under pre-wetted bare fallow condition for five soil types (two Luvisols, an Alisol, an Acrisol and a Ferralsol) with heavy textures (silty clay loam, silty clay and clay) derived separately from loess deposits, quaternary red clays and basalt in central-south China. Rainfall simulations were performed at two rainfall intensities (45 and 90mmh−1) and lasted one hour after runoff generation. Runoff coefficient, sediment concentration, sediment yield rate and sediment effective size distribution were determined at 3-min intervals. Runoff temporal variations were similar at the high rainfall intensity, but exhibited a remarkable difference at the low rainfall intensity among soil types except for tropical Ferralsol. Illite was positively correlated with runoff coefficient (p<0.05). Rainfall intensity significantly contributed to the erosional process (p<0.001). Sediment concentration and yield rate were the smallest for the tropical Ferralsol and sediment concentration was the largest for the temperate Luvisol. The regimes (transport and detachment) limiting erosion varied under the interaction of rainfall characteristics (intensity and duration) and soil types, with amorphous iron oxides and bulk density jointly enhancing soil resistance to erosive forces (Adj-R2>88%, p<0.001). Sediment size was dominated by <0.1mm size fraction for the Luvisols and bimodally distributed with the peaks at <0.1mm and 1–0.5mm size for the other soil types. Exchangeable sodium decreased sediment size while rainfall intensity and clay content increased it (Adj-R2=96%, p<0.01). These results allow to better understand the climate effect on erosion processes at the spatial-temporal scale from the perspective of soil properties.

Redefining the Electrochemical Kinetics of Redox Reactions on Passive Metals

The kinetics of redox reactions are described by specifying a standard exchange current density and a transfer coefficient that locates the position along the reaction coordinate at which the activated complex (transition state) occurs. However, this formulation was originally developed to describe charge transfer reactions on bare metal surfaces. In the case of a passive metal, however, the barrier layer of the passive film represents a barrier to the quantum mechanical tunneling of charge carriers (electrons and electron holes) between the metal and the redox reaction center and theory shows that this barrier has a profound effect upon the tunneling probability and hence upon the values of the exchange current density and the Tafel constant. In this presentation, the role of quantum-mechanical tunneling of charge carriers through the barrier oxide layer on a passive metal, in determining the electrochemical kinetic parameters is explored theoretically. The exchange current density for a redox reaction occurring on the passive metal surface is assumed to be the product of the exchange current density on the bare metal surface and the quantum mechanical tunneling probability (QMTP) of charge carriers through the barrier layer, which is inversely proportional to the exponential of the barrier thickness and the tunneling constant that in turn is proportional to the square root of the product of barrier height and the effective electron mass. The QMTP is used to redefine the exchange current density for the cathodic reaction (e.g., reduction of oxygen), as measured on the passive surface, to that on the (hypothetical) bare metal alone. Thus, knowing the voltage, the barrier layer thickness can be calculated from the Point Defect Model (PDM), which in turn can be used to estimate the QMTP for that particular set of conditions. Then, the exchange current density for the redox reaction on the passive metal surface is calculated and used, if the barrier height and the effective electron mass are constants, in the generalized Butler-Volmer equation to describe the current/voltage characteristics of the redox reaction. In doing so, it becomes evident that the kinetics of a redox reaction are fully determined by specifying a (hypothetical) exchange current density and transfer coefficient of the reaction on the bare metal (“hypothetical” because the bare metal condition may not be realizable experimentally), the QMTP, the electric field strength within the barrier layer, the polarizability of the barrier layer/solution interface, and the potential of zero thickness of the barrier layer. The application of this theory is illustrated with respect to the hydrogen electrode reaction (HER) on passive carbon steel and on aluminum and in predicting the corrosion potentials of stainless steels and nickel alloys in the primary coolant circuits of water-cooled nuclear reactors.

Experimental Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Welded Corten Steel A588 Grade Plate Using ER70S - 6 Filler Material for Construction Application

ASTM A588 Grade A steel plate is a high strength, low alloy structural steel with 0.19 % of carbon content. When exposed to the atmosphere, A588 Grade A is suitable for construction in the bare (paint – free) condition. The main problems are lack of fusion, lack of penetration and corrosion on heat affected zone. In this research work Corten ASTM A588 Grade steel of 3mm thickness is electroplated with copper and then both raw and copper electroplated are welded by GMAW welding process with ER70S-6 as a filler material. The welded ASTM A588 is cut according to ASTM size for further testing of mechanical properties. Considering its welding strength after the process of electroplating, this research clearly states the metal can be utilized for better results in any given field. Here both the tensile and hardness are higher in copper electroplated welded when compare to raw welded.

Structural and thermal performance of Ag, Ni, and Ag/Ni thin films as thermal interface material for light-emitting diode application

Silver (Ag), Nickel (Ni), and their stack (Ag/Ni) were prepared at various thicknesses on Al substrates by sputtering process and used as thermal interface material (TIM). The structural and thermal properties of prepared thin films were studied by XRD and transient method, respectively. XRD spectra confirmed the presence of cubic phase of both Ag and Ni. Phase changes from hexagonal to cubic were also noticed with Ni thin film in Ag/Ni stack. From transient analysis, low total thermal resistance (Rth) and low rise in junction temperature (Tj) of LED were observed with Ag (50 nm) thin film interface measured at >350 mA and recorded difference in Tj (ΔTj) was high as 11.28 °C as compared with bare Al boundary condition. Overall, the performance of Ag thin film with low thickness was good on reducing Rth and Tj of device under test and can be used as thin film thermal interface material in electronic packaging.

Lexical retrieval after Arabic aphasia: Syntactic access and predictors of spoken naming

Research into anomia has been carried out in English and many Indo-European languages extensively, but not in Arabic. Previous studies have investigated predictors of successful lexical retrieval after anomia, and access to syntax during lexical retrieval. The aim of the current study is to examine impaired lexical retrieval in Arabic at two levels: predictors of lexical retrieval, and access to syntax during lexical retrieval, via checking whether syntactic cueing (using the definite article/əl-/'the' prior to nouns) facilitates noun retrieval in Arabic aphasia, with regard to naming speed and accuracy, and establishing the determinants of aphasic noun retrieval in Arabic. Three participants with anomia following CVA named 186 pictures from a published Arabic database in two conditions: bare noun condition, and determiner + noun condition. Participants' accuracy and reaction times were compared in both conditions. Furthermore, a multiple regression analysis was carried out to test the effect of psycholinguistic variables (visual complexity, name agreement, age of acquisition, imageability and other intrinsic variables) on successful lexical retrieval to determine predictors of Arabic noun retrieval after anomia. The production of the determiner + noun in picture naming facilitated spoken naming in all three participants. Nouns produced with the determiner were produced faster and more accurately than their counterparts produced without the determiner. The two participants with agrammatism produced morpho-syntactic errors in the bare noun condition, but not in the determiner + noun condition, suggesting that the determiner sets up a noun phrase frame with a slot for the noun to be filled, resulting in responses that are faster and more accurate. Age of acquisition and imageability were the only two variables that had influence across the participants. These results have theoretical and clinical implications for lexical retrieval models.

The Effect of Arch Height and Material Hardness of Personalized Insole on Correction and Tissues of Flatfoot.

Flat foot is one of the common deformities in the youth population, seriously affecting the weight supporting and daily exercising. However, there is lacking of quantitative data relative to material selection and shape design of the personalized orthopedic insole. This study was to evaluate the biomechanical effects of material hardness and support height of personalized orthopedic insole on foot tissues, by in vivo experiment and finite element modeling. The correction of arch height increased with material hardness and support height. The peak plantar pressure increased with the material hardness, and these values by wearing insoles of 40° were apparently higher than the bare feet condition. Harder insole material results in higher stress in the joint and ligament stress than softer material. In the calcaneocuboid joint, the stress increased with the arch height of insoles. The material hardness did not apparently affect the stress in the ankle joints, but the support heights of insole did. In general, insole material and support design are positively affecting the correction of orthopedic insole, but negatively resulting in unreasonable stress on the stress in the joint and ligaments. There should be an integration of improving correction and reducing stress in foot tissues.

Textural Influence on Surface and Subsurface Soil Temperatures under Various Conditions

An experiment was conducted at the field laboratory of Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to study the textural influence on surface and subsurface soil temperatures under various conditions. The experiment consisted of four types of soil (red, sandy, clay and peat). Observations were made at three conditions viz. bare, moist and vegetation cover. Sandy soil at bare condition showed the highest surface temperature followed by peat, red and clay soils. Sand surface produced nearly 10ºC higher values than from clay soil at around midday hours. In four types of soils, the amplitude of the daily surface temperature wave decreased in the order sand &gt; peat &gt; red &gt; clay at bare dry condition. In case of subsurface temperature observed at 10 cm depth, red, clay and peat soils showed insignificant differences. Soil surface temperatures of 4 types soils under moisture condition at around mid days showed similar pattern as in dry condition i.e. sand &gt; peat &gt; red &gt; clay. Soil subsurface temperatures of 4 types soils under moisture condition at around mid days showed similar pattern as in surface temperature. Among three conditions, sandy soil emitted highest long wave radiation (-649.88 Wm-2) at bare condition. The long wave radiation emitted by the surface was lower when the soil was wet and has vegetation cover. Air temperature positively correlated with soil temperature.J. Environ. Sci. &amp; Natural Resources, 8(2): 147-151 2015