Puntius Conchonius Research Articles

Correlations between fish assemblage structure and environmental variables of the Seti Gandaki River Basin, Nepal

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the relationship between fish and environmental variables from the Seti Gandaki River Pokhara, Nepal. The water bodies previously had higher abundance and distribution of fishes, which are declining probably due to deterioration of abiotic characteristics and degradation of habitat. Five study sites were: three along the main channel and two along the tributaries. Water sampling was conducted fortnightly and fish sampling was done monthly. Altogether 30 species of fishes belonging to 5 orders, 9 families and 24 genera were recorded. The redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed significant correlations between fish assemblage and environmental variables. The first two axes accounted for 44.15% of the variation of which RDA1 explained 30.32% and correlated with conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide, ortho-phosphate, nitrite and silicates; while RDA2 explained 13.83% and correlated with depth, width, discharge and nitrates. Likewise, RDA1 revealed a gradient from species that require more oxygenated waters of upstream sites (Schizothorax richardsonii, Pseudecheneis eddsi, Naziritor chelynoides, Garra annandalei, Schistura rupecula and Lepidocephalichthys guntea) to less oxygenated urban and downstream sites (Puntius sophore, Pethia conchonius, Barilius bendelisis, Barilius vagra, Garra gotyla, Mastacembelus armatus and Channa orientalis). RDA2 revealed the gradient from species inhabiting urban and downstream sites to upstream sites.

Population Studies on the Puntius Conchonius (Hamilton) from Cauvery and Malampuzha Dam, South India

Puntius conchonius was collected from Cauvery (Belagola) River, Karnataka and Malampuzha Dam of Kerala, South India. There are two major fishing points that were remarkable in the river systems which are selected for the present work. There are two types of rivers in which inhabit natural, ornamental and edible fish like P. conchonius. To examine the population structure of P. conchonius, the specimens were collected, preserved and analysed for biometric characteristics. In this context, 50 biometric characters were documented for all individuals and were compared between two riverine populations. Besides, the plan of study was mainly focusing on population diversity and biometric similarity of the P. conchonius. The findings of this study to identify among populations, more precisely as a colour can be as an enigmatic character of this species. As a result, there could be a possible link that was assessed between populations; the experimental biometric character like meristics was a similar one based on the ecological habitat and prey–predatory relationship.

The Effect of Commercial Probiotics on Histological changes in the muscle of Ornamental fish Puntius conchonius.

The Effect of Commercial Probiotics on Histological changes in the muscle of Ornamental fish Puntius conchonius.

Genetic variability of three fish species of genus Puntius

The present study was aimed to evaluate the genetic variability among three fish species of genus Puntius, Puntius semifasciolatus, Puntius conchonius and Puntius oligolepis (family: Cyprinidae) using various genetic markers (SDS-Page and ISSR). The electrophoretic analysis of protein was revealed 29 bands of molecular weight ranging from 11 to 132KD with polymorphism 28%. A total of eleven ISSR primers produced 123 total bands their size ranged from 79 to 1185bp and the percentage of polymorphism ranged from 91% to 100%. Results analysis showed that the percentages of genetic relationship among three species were 33% and 47%. The results of the study revealed that Puntius semifasciolatus and Puntius conchonius have higher genetic similarity 47% while Puntius semifasciolatus and Puntius oligolepis exhibited lower genetic similarity 33%. Considering all the gained data, it is evident that molecular detection of SDS-Page and ISSR are suitable tools in assessing genetic variation among fish species. These markers provide interesting tools for breeding new varieties of Egyptian fish.

Rhodococcus sp. as probiotic bacteria for increase the survival, growth and coloration of fish Puntius conchonius

An The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bacteria Rhodococcus sp. in growth, survival, and coloration of Puntius conchonius. It was obtained a batch of 300 larvae of seven days after hatching and were divided in six aquariums of 60 litters (50 org per aquarium) and fed with Artemia franciscana nauplii, enriched with Rhodococcus sp. at a concentration of 1 x 10 7 cells per milliliter. There was also a control treatment where larvae were only fed with Artemia nauplii without probiotic. Every fifteen days, biometric parameters were obtained such as weight, total length, high, wide. Also, physicochemical parameters were measured like pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrates, nitrites, and ammonium, and it was evaluated the increase in fish coloration following the method for pigment extraction. Feeding period was carried out for 60 days. Survival was 100% in both treatments, but in fish fed with Rhodococcus sp. presented better growth results in total length, wide and weight, than control group. Regarding to fish coloration, variance analysis showed significant differences between treatments (P=0.035), having a better coloration in tissue of fish fed with probiotic, proving that this genus present enormous benefits as it not only improves productive parameters, but also increases coloration of fish; fundamental aspect for ornamental species commercialization.

Biological Control of <I>Culex quinquefasciatus</I> Say (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae

Local larvivorous fish Aphanius dispar has potential for regulating vector mosquitoes. The consumption of larvae of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) by Rasbora daniconius, Puntius ticto and Puntius conchonius was evaluated in the presence of different prey densities under simple habitat conditions. The number of mosquito larvae consumed in fresh and ditch water at three seasons was observed. Only third and fourth instars of Culex larvae were used on a particular prey density of 1 to 10 (increase 100). The maximum and minimum value of larvae eating per day in ditch and fresh water were observed to 267 to 876 and 277 to 880 respectively. The comparisons for the pair using Tukey-Kramer HSD indicated the fact that there was non-significant difference. The respective mean values in fresh and ditch water were observed 525 and 493 respectively. The analysis of water (ditch and fresh) was nonsignificant (F = 1.0116). Rasbora daniconius species of fish played a dominating role in eating the Culex larvae in ditch and fresh water.

Biological Control of <I>Culex quinquefasciatus</I> Say (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae

Local larvivorous fish <em>Aphanius dispar</em> has potential for regulating vector mosquitoes. The consumption of larvae of the mosquito <em>Culex quinquefasciatus</em> Say (Diptera: Culicidae) by <em>Rasbora daniconius, Puntius ticto</em> and <em>Puntius conchonius</em> was evaluated in the presence of different prey densities under simple habitat conditions. The number of mosquito larvae consumed in fresh and ditch water at three seasons was observed. Only third and fourth instars of Culex larvae were used on a particular prey density of 1 to 10 (increase 100). The maximum and minimum value of larvae eating per day in ditch and fresh water were observed to 267 to 876 and 277 to 880 respectively. The comparisons for the pair using Tukey-Kramer HSD indicated the fact that there was non-significant difference. The respective mean values in fresh and ditch water were observed 525 and 493 respectively. The analysis of water (ditch and fresh) was nonsignificant (F = 1.0116). <em>Rasbora daniconius</em> species of fish played a dominating role in eating the <em>Culex</em> larvae in ditch and fresh water.

Effect of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on fry of rosy barb

The treatment of rosy barb with sodium bicarbonate brought a significant improvement in the growth in 50 mg per lit concentration. Thus, from the two experiments using 25 mg and 50 mg of sodium bicarbonate, the concentration of 50 mg/lit sodium bicarbonate was proved to be the best among the two treatments.

Effect of 3-Nitro (3-Nitro-4-Hydroxyphenyl-arsonic acid 5% premix) on adult of rosy barb

In the present study the use of 3-Nitro in the dosage 3mg/kg diet was found to impart a stimulatory effect on growth and early maturation among the treated males and females. The treatment of 3 mg 3-Nitro per kg of diet resulted in a higher percentage of males (70%) as compared to that of 5 mg treatment group (65%) and control group (50%). The treatment of 3 mg 3-Nitro per kg of diet was proved to be the best.

Application of Computational Methods in Fish Species Identification Based on Mitochondrial DNA Sequences

The great discrepancy in sequence divergence of congeneric (0.4-0.6%) and conspecific (3%) individuals makes it difficult to identify species using DNA. A 650 base pair fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene from the fish Pethia conchonius was analysed using 30 samples. All the samples were identified as P. conchonius and two other congeneric species showing <2% sequence divergence with 29 samples out of 30 used, of P. conchonius . Two of the P. conchonius samples clustered with Puntius terio . Using different computational methods, we identified the sequence that was tagged as Puntius chola in the NCBI database as the P. conchonius sequence.

Length-weight relationships of nine fish species from the Tetulia River, southern Bangladesh

The present study describes the length-weight relationships (LWRs) for nine fish species from the Tetulia River, southern Bangladesh, namely Anabas testudineus, Coilia dussumieri, Otolithoides biauritus, Otolithoides pama, Pethia conchonius, Polynemus paradiseus, Puntius lateristriga, Setipinna taty and Sillaginopsis panijus. A total of 1380 specimens were caught using traditional fishing gear from March 2012 to February 2013. Individual total length (TL) and body weight (BW) were measured by digital slide calipers and digital balance, respectively. The LWR was calculated as W= a Lb, where the W is the BW in g and L the TL in cm, a and b are regression parameters. This study presents the very first references on LWRs for seven of the species. The results are valuable for the application of sustainable management and conservation of these fishes in the Tetulia River and surrounding ecosystems.

Emergence of Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome: Large-Scale Mortalities of Cultured and Wild Fish Species in Uttar Pradesh, India

Epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), a disease listed by World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) has been reported in 26 countries across 4 continents. Till date, 94 fish species have been found to be naturally infected with EUS and its host range is gradually expanding. In the year 2010-11, outbreaks resulting in heavy fish mortality were recorded in wetland districts of Uttar Pradesh, India, and EUS was confirmed as the cause of mortality on the basis of histopathology, isolation of Aphanomyces invadans , bioassay and PCR. A prevalence of ∼69% (371/540) was recorded and 13 fish species were found to be infected. Interestingly, EUS was observed in seven new species ( Aristichthys nobilis, Channa punctatus, Wallago attu, Mastacembelus armatus, Mystus cavasius, Anabas testudineus and Puntius conchonius ) for the first time in natural outbreaks. Furthermore, the disease was observed even in the month of May when the mean water temperature was 31.6±0.65°C. This suggests that the disease can result in severe losses even after two decades of its emergence.

Human health risk and ecological risk assessment of metals in fishes, shrimps and sediment from a tropical river

Concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn and Cr were estimated using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry in sediment, water, fish and shrimp collected from the Subarnarekha River. Fish species Mystus gulio, Puntius conchonius, Labeo calbasu, Labeo rohita and Labeo bata, while the shrimp species Penaeus indicus, were used for the study. The range of Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn and Cr in all the samples was found to be 0.004–0.85, 0.75–145.2, 0.03–0.41, 1.25–21.5, 12.4–109.5 and 0.22–11.36 mg kg−1 fresh, respectively. The concentrations of metals in the fish and shrimp exceed the limits of Indian and international standards for food for Cu, Ni, Cd and Zn in some samples. Higher concentrations of the metals were observed in the shrimp as compared to fish samples. The calculated daily intakes of the metals through the consumption of fish and shrimps ranged from 0.30 to 27.0 % of the corresponding tolerable limits suggested by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. The mean target hazard quotient values for the 6 metals were below 1 for all the samples; however, the maximum was more than 1 for shrimp Cu and Cr. The results indicated that the concentration of the metals in shrimps at some locations was alarming and pose an appreciable hazard risk on human health. Potential ecological risk analysis of sediment indicated that most of the sites posed moderate ecological risk with Cd posing a considerable risk at all the sites.

Complete mitochondrial genome of rosy barb, Puntius conchonius

In this study, we sequenced and determined the complete mitochondrial genome of rosy barb (Puntius conchonius). The circular mitochondrial genome (17,082 bp) consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and 1 control region. This is the first report on the complete mitogenome sequence of rosy barb (P. conchonius).

EFFECT ON MARKETABILITY OF ORNAMENTAL FISHES DUE TO PARASITIC INFECTION

Present study was carried out to reveal the prevalent and unforeseen parasitic infection in commercially available ornamental fishes which may credit to their marketable value. Seven different species of ornamental fishes namely Carassius auratus (Gold Fish and Black Moor Gold), Cyprinus carpio (Koi Carp), Poecilia reticulate (Guppy), Rasbora daniconius (Slender Rasbora), Puntius conchonicus (Rosy Barbs), Trichogaster lasius (Brass gold) were screened for the occurrence of infection. Cyprinus carpio showed maximum infection caused by Argulus (Crustacean: Branchiuran) intensity=8-12 per fish. Argulus was observed as a primary infection which was followed by bacterial infection (dropsy) as secondary infection. While minimum infection was caused by Lernaea in Carassius auratus (intensity=1 per fish).

The effects of synthetic pigments on pigmentation ofPethia conchonius(Hamilton, 1822)

This study evaluated the effects of diets containing 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg kg−1 diet astaxanthin or canthaxanthin on Pethia conchonius (Hamilton, 1822) pigmentation. A completely randomized experimental design was developed with ten treatments and three replicates. Three hundred rosy barb with a mean weight of 0.92 ± 0.06 g were assigned to thirty aquaria for period of eight weeks. Carotenoid contents of fish fed canthaxanthin were always lower than those fed astaxanthin. Yellowness (b*) was not affected by pigments. While Luminosity (L*) decreased in fish fed astaxanthin diets, this parameter increased by feeding on canthaxanthin. The most pronounced effect was higher a* values in fish fed astaxanthin. Astaxanthin retention rate was higher than that of canthaxanthin. The present results demonstrate that canthaxanthin cannot be considered as a proper replacement with astaxanthin. Inclusion of 80 and 100 mg astaxanthin kg−1 diet can be suitable dietary levels to ensure pigmentation and this condition may improve market value of rosy barb.

Accretion Profile of the Rosy Barb, Puntius Conchonius (Hamilton- Buchanan, 1822) From the Water Bodies of Nagaland, India.

Accretion Profile of the Rosy Barb, Puntius Conchonius (Hamilton- Buchanan, 1822) From the Water Bodies of Nagaland, India.

Natural Food Abundance and SIS Biodiversity of Matshaya Rani Fish Sanctuary

An investigation was carried out in the Matshaya Rani (fish queen) Fish sanctuary to evaluate the hydrographic status, natural food and SIS (small indigenous species) abundance in the old Brahmaputra River near the BAU campus. There were three treatment sites- inside sanctuary, upstream and downstream of the sanctuary named as treatments T1, T2 and T3, respectively. A number of water quality parameters such as temperature (°C), transparency (cm), depth (cm), water velocity (m sec-1), pH,dissolved oxygen (mg l-1), conductivity (?s cm-1), TDS (mg l-1), alkalinity (mg l-1), phosphate-phosphorus (mg l-1), nitratenitrogen (mg l-1), ammonia-nitrogen (mg l-1) and chlorophyll-a (?g l-1) were recorded and were found within the suitable range for natural food and SIS in different treatments. Among all the water quality parameters, only water transparency and depth showed significant difference (P &lt; 0.05) among the treatments. Forty three genera of phytoplankton belonging to Bacillariophyceae (10), Chlorophyceae (22), Cyanophyceae (8), and Euglenophyceae (3) and nine genera of zooplankton were identified belonging to Rotifera (4) and Crustacea (5) in all the treatments. None of plankton group except Cyanophyceae and Rotifera showed significant difference (p &lt; 0.05) among the treatments. Thirty two species of SIS under ten groups were found in different treatments. The highest number of species was found in treatment T1 (30) followed by T2 (25) and T3 (24). The catfishes, loaches and minnows dominated among thirty two species caught from the sampling sites. The highest numbers of species were found in April and May and the least species were found the month of January. Significant inter month and inter site variation (P &lt; 0.05) in numerical abundance of fish observed in the study area. Notable endangered fishes, Kanchan puti- (Puntius conchonius), Balichata Acanthocobitis botia), Indian torrent catfish-Amblyceps mangois and Chaka- (Chaca chaca) species were only found in Matshaya Rani Fish sanctuary. The natural food abundance and SIS diversity were significantly more in the inside of Matshaya Rani Fish sanctuary than both the upstream and downstream of the sanctuary. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11599 J. Environ. Sci. &amp; Natural Resources, 5(1): 319-328, 2012

A karyological analysis of Puntius conchonius (Hamilton, 1822) (Pisces, Cyprinidae), a new cytotype from Dal Lake Srinagar Kashmir, JK, India

The karyotypic and cytological characteristics of Rosy barb, Puntius conchonius (Hamilton, 1822) (cyprinidae) were investigated by examining metaphase chromosomes spreads from the anterior kidney following Thorgaard and Disney (1990). The fishes were obtained from the local fishermen and transported live to the Limnology and Fisheries Laboratory of Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir. Ten fish were injected intraperitoneally with two doses of phytohemagglutinin (PHA), 4 µg g-1body weight with a 20 h interval to induce cell division. After 8 h in 20°C water, the fish were injected intraperitoneally with colchicine 0.05% @ 0.5 ml/50 g body weight to depress the cell division in the metaphase stage and left for 2 to 3 h before sacrificing. Kidney and gill epithelia were used for karyotype analysis. The diploid chromosome number of the fish was 2n = 50, consisting of 11 pairs of metacentric, 8 pairs of submetacentric and 6 pairs of telocentric chromosomes respectively. Centromeric index, arm ratio and Fundamental Number were determined as 0 to 50, 1-∞ and 88 respectively. No heteromorphic sex chromosomes were cytologically detected. Key words: Chromosome, Puntius conchonius, Dal Lake, karyotype.

A karyological analysis of Puntius conchonius (Hamilton, 1822) (Pisces, Cyprinidae), a new cytotype from Dal Lake Srinagar Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir (JK), India

The karyotypic and cytological characteristics of Rosy barb, Puntius conchonius (Hamilton, 1822) (cyprinidae) were investigated by examining metaphase chromosomes spreads from the anterior kidney following Thorgaard and Disney (1990). The fishes were obtained from the local fishermen and transported live to the Limnology and Fisheries Laboratory of Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir. Ten fish were injected intraperitoneally with two doses of phytohemagglutinin (PHA), 4 µg g-1body weight with a 20 h interval to induce cell division. After 8 h in 20°C water, the fish were injected intraperitoneally with colchicine 0.05% at 0.5 ml/50 g body weight to depress the cell division in the metaphase stage and left for 2 to 3 h before sacrificing. Kidney and gill epithelia were used for karyotype analysis. The diploid chromosome number of the fish was 2n = 50, consisting of 11 pairs of metacentric, 8 pairs of submetacentric and 6 pairs of telocentric chromosomes respectively. Centromeric index, arm ratio and Fundamental Number were determined as 0 to 50, 1-∞ and 88 respectively. No heteromorphic sex chromosomes were cytologically detected. Key words: Chromosome, Puntius conchonius, Dal Lake, karyotype.