Baptism Of Fire Research Articles

Baptism of fire

Having spent 5 weeks on operational placement, Katy Sofield describes her ‘baptism of fire’.

The Face of Battle: The 'Fighting First's' Baptism of Fire at the Battle of Elandslaagte, 21 October 1899

This article investigates the experiences of the 1st Battalion of the Manchester Regiment in the Battle of Elandslaagte fought on 21 October 1899 during the South African War of 1899 to 1902. This was the Manchesters' first battle in nearly two decades and their first against modern weapons. Studies of the experiences of ordinary British soldiers during the South African War are limited. This scrutiny of letters written by the officers and troops of the Manchesters is supplemented by accounts published in British newspapers and an unpublished letter preserved in the Manchester Regiment Archive, all of which have been used to enhance existing narratives of the battle by exploring the soldiers' perspectives of war. The article suggests that by making use of such sources it is possible to reconstruct the British 'face of battle' during the South African War. These published letters have some limitations, however, and are inclined to adhere to the popular 'Tommy Atkins' stereotype. Exploring the battle from the Manchesters' viewpoint reveals that even though Elandslaagte was a near perfect execution of the three-stage set-piece battle, the soldiers involved experienced a turmoil of emotions ranging from confusion, frustration, loss, pain, discomfort, and even joy.

The EU Framework for the Screening of Foreign Direct Investment as a Response to the Belt and Road Initiative in the Post-COVID Era

After the limbo caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese investments have picked up in the first quarter of 2023. Investments through China’s Belt and Road Initiative are carried out by approaching potential participants individually, or via dedicated platforms outside the EU’s legal and institutional framework. Thus, the EU Framework for the Screening of Foreign Direct Investment – which is likely to get its so-called “baptism of fire” after its COVID-induced hibernation – can be seen as an implicit response to said Chinese initiative. This framework should be considered a message directed simultaneously towards foreign actors, discouraging them from attempting to carry out investments in the EU with the intention of bypassing the relevant European rules, and also towards Member States, cautioning them against facilitating such operations. The author will argue that the regulatory model has too many in-built unknowns that could prevent the framework from achieving its objectives.

Baptism of Fire: Modeling the Effects of Prescribed Fire on Lyme Disease.

Recently, tick-borne illnesses have been trending upward and are an increasing source of risk to people's health in the United States. This is due to range expansion in tick habitats as a result of climate change. Thus, it is imperative to find a practical and cost-efficient way of managing tick populations. Prescribed burns are a common form of land management that can be cost-efficient if properly managed and can be applied across large amounts of land. In this study, we present a compartmental model for ticks carrying Lyme disease and uniquely incorporate the effects of prescribed fire using an impulsive system to investigate the effects of prescribed fire intensity (high and low) and the duration between burns. Our study found that fire intensity has a larger impact in reducing tick population than the frequency between burns. Furthermore, burning at high intensity is preferable to burning at low intensity whenever possible, although high-intensity burns may be unrealistic due to environmental factors. Annual burns resulted in the most significant reduction in infectious nymphs, which are the primary carriers of Lyme disease.

A Holy Baptism of Fire and Blood: The Bible and the American Civil War. By James P. Byrd. New York: Oxford University Press, 2021. ix + 392 pp. $34.95 cloth.

A Holy Baptism of Fire and Blood: The Bible and the American Civil War. By James P. Byrd. New York: Oxford University Press, 2021. ix + 392 pp. $34.95 cloth.

Role Language in Translation: A Comparative Character Analysis of Maria Barring in Andrzej Sapkowski’s Chrzest Ognia

This article presents an analysis of yakuwarigo 役割語 implementation in the Japanese translation of Andrzej Sapkowski’s Chrzest Ognia (Baptism of Fire). Focusing on the character Milva’s manner of speaking, the author analyses selected passages from the Polish original focusing on stylization (archaization, colloquialisms, vulgarisms). She compares them with corresponding passages from the Japanese translation by Yasuko Kawano, concentrating on the use of yakuwarigo in order to compare the character images of Milva in the two texts. Due to a weaker character image and the lack of linguistic markers indicating Milva’s background in the Japanese translation, the author juxtaposes those passages with their counterparts in the English translation by David French, which may have served as the source text for Kawano’s translation. Since Milva’s character image as presented in French’s work is the weakest and least distinctive of the three languages, this might explain the relatively low number of yakuwarigo expressions in the Japanese translation.

«A Baptism of Fire»: Towards a Practical Hybrid Approach for the Lexicographic Indexation of Phraseological Units with Religious Lexical Components in English and Spanish

Traditionally, researchers have had a particular interest in the study of the relationship between phraseology and lexicography [e.g., Alonso Ramos (2006); Mellado Blanco (2008); Buendía Castro and Faber (2015); Paquot (2015); Nuccorini (2020)] to the point of having labeled it a «scientific marriage» (Leroyer 2006). In addition, scholars have been increasingly interested in the semantic analysis of phraseological units (henceforth PUs) [e.g., Grčić Simeunović and de Santiago (2016) and Torijano and Recio (2019)]. Among the problems that these and several other studies have pointed out, there is the recurrent reference to inaccuracy and difficulty in indexing PUs in lexicographic resources. Although some scholars consider onomasiological approaches as an interesting starting point [e.g., Bosque (2017) and Siepmann (2008)], a systematic methodology in phraseology that includes both the semantical analysis of the entries and their indexation is still needed.
 We intend to address that need here through the analysis of 242 idioms (199 in Spanish and 43 in English) extracted from a 21,045-idiom database that was compiled from two phraseological dictionaries: the Diccionario fraseológico documentado del español actual (henceforth DFDEA) (Seco, Andrés et al., 2004), and the Collins COBUILD Dictionary of Idioms (henceforth CCDOI) (Sinclair and Moon 1997). The criteria employed to select the resulting analysis units were: (i) they had to include at least one lexical component related to religion, and (ii) the idiom had to be nominal or verbal. The religious component was identified semi-automatically by using the UCREL’s Semantic Analysis System (USAS) (Archer et al., 2002).
 The contributions of this paper are as follows: (i) it presents a lexicographic analysis of the macrostructure and microstructure of the two phraseological resources previously mentioned, (ii) it offers a model of semantic analysis for PUs with religion-related components, (iii) it proposes an alternative indexation method of PUs in lexicographic resources involving semasiological and onomasiological approaches; and finally, (iv) it shows a systematic way to use semantic and pragmatic information in order to create semantic entries for PUs.
 In conclusion, by closely examining said set of phraseological entries, this study sheds light on the semantic composition of Pus. It also suggests a systematic hybrid approach for their lexicographic indexation in English and Spanish.

Maestro of the Russian dental materials science (on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of Professor Matvey Zakharovich Shteyngart)

Matvey Zaharovich (Zalmanovich) Steingart was born March 23, 1921 in the Belorussian border town of Velizh. After graduating from high school he entered a medical school. But the war prevented him from finishing it. M.Z. Steingart was drafted into the Red Army. His first baptism of fire was received during the defense of Moscow. In the battles for Moscow M.Z. Steingart was seriously wounded. After the hospital he fought in the airborne assault of the 3rd Ukrainian front, many times he parachuted down into the enemy rear. By the end of the war Matvey Zakharovitch had a rank of guards of the senior lieutenant of medical service. Orders of the Red Star, the Patriotic war of the first degree, a silver medal "For war merits", medals "For a capture of Vienna", "For clearing of Belgrade", "For a capture of Budapest", "For a victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic war of 1941-1945" gleamed on his breast. In May 1945, shortly after the Victory Day, Matvey Zakharovitch left for the Far East, where he participated in the battles with the Japanese Kwantung Army. This is evidenced by the medal "For Victory over Japan" awarded to him. Then he served in Mongolia. And only in 1947 the young man of the Order comes back to his homeland, becoming a student of the N.A. Schors Omsk Military Medical College, where Matvey Zakharov's tutor was Major Anatoly Rybakov, a future academician. In Omsk there was a civil medical college of the Ministry of Health, the head of which at that time was Evgeny Ivanovich Gavrilov, a future professor, honored worker of science of Russia. Back then, in Omsk, the strong male friendship of these extraordinary, intelligent and strong people began and lasted for many years.

КНЯЗЬ АЛЕКСАНДР НЕВСКИЙ: СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ПОЛКОВОДЦА И ДИПЛОМАТА

The years of adolescence, youth and early youth of Prince Alexander Nevsky are practically unknown or known only to a narrow circle of historians. This topic is of considerable interest and has become the subject of discussion at the regular XXIXth International Educational Christmas Readings: “Alexander Nevsky: West and East, the historical memory of the people.” Prince Alexander was a representative of the second generation of the “Big Nest” baby birds – of Yuri Vsevolodovich, the Grand Duke of Vladimir- Suzdal. In his adolescence, Prince Alexander went through a difficult school of government in Veliky Novgorod. Together with his elder brother Theodor, he went through a difficult time of hunger, pestilence, disease and helped the Novgorodians cope with the consequences of these hardships. After the untimely death of Prince Theodore in June 1233, the young 15-year-old Prince began to rule alone in Novgorod the Great, pursuing the policy of the Grand-Ducal Vladimir-Suzdal dynasty in the North-West of the Russian land. In 1234, at the age of 16, Prince Alexander received his first baptism of fire. During the Mongol- Tatar campaign to Europe in 1237 – 1242 and the crusading encroachment on the lands of Pskov and Novgorod, he pursued the political course adopted by his father Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, the Grand Duke.

Spain and the American Revolution: New Approaches and Perspectives

The siege of Pensacola in the spring of 1781 was Francisco de Miranda's baptism of fire as a participant in Atlantic revolutions. The victory of the Spanish army, in which he served as an officer, ended British control of West Florida and reversed one of the losses that Spain had sustained in the Seven Years' War. This siege was more than yet another Anglo-Spanish military encounter. It was also a chapter in the American Revolution, as historians have only recently begun to stress. This collection of predominantly interesting essays explores Spain's role in that revolution.While some of the chapters are too short (not counting notes, two are of nine pages, one of eight pages) to make more than a tangential contribution, the ensemble of remaining essays offers a mosaic that adds several new insights. The editors, Gabriel Paquette and Gonzalo M. Quintero Saravia, start off the collection with a very useful historical and historiographical introduction, in which they stress that the Revolutionary War was part of a global war that pitted Britain against France, Spain, and the Dutch Republic. Nor were Spanish hostilities confined to the Americas. The Mediterranean was another important theater, in which Spain employed one-third of its peninsular army in an ill-fated campaign to dislodge the British from Gibraltar.Spain entered the war not only to recover Gibraltar but also to retake Minorca, invade Great Britain, and remove the British from Florida. Besides, Minister José de Gálvez feared that the American Revolution would induce Britain to increase its military presence in the Americas, as María Bárbara Zepeda Cortés tells us in her chapter. And, as Emily Berquist Soule shows in her surprising contribution, even the Atlantic slave trade shaped Spain's resolve to take up arms against Britain. Desirous to shed its dependence on British supplies of enslaved Africans, Spain entered the slave trade by way of two small islands in the Bight of Biafra (recently ceded by Portugal), close to where British slavers bought many Africans each year. Consequently, Africa became yet another theater in the war as British traders responded to Spain's entry into the war by targeting Spanish ships that sailed to the Bight of Biafra.Initially, Spain maintained its neutrality during the Revolutionary War, while at the same time supporting the rebels with cash and supplies. Even when France allied with the United States in 1778, the Spanish government chose to remain on the sidelines. Gálvez opposed Spain's involvement in the war not only because of the insurgents' weak military position, but also because, Larrie D. Ferreiro notes in his chapter, a Spanish treasure fleet was still at sea carrying the equivalent of $50 billion in today's money. Once the silver had safely arrived, Spain signed the Treaty of Defense and Offensive Alliance against England with France and thus entered the war against Britain.Spanish forces in North America immediately sprang into action, attacking British settlements along the Mississippi River and capturing territory that the crown regarded as crucial for the protection of New Spain. Paquette and Quintero Saravia contend that Spanish operations dispersed British forces, relieved British pressure on Georgia and South Carolina, and prevented the British armies fighting in the North and South from linking up. Another notable campaign was the invasion of the Bahamas in 1782 by a joint Spanish-US force, the subject of Ross Michael Nedervelt's chapter. The campaign targeted the Loyalist privateers who had chosen the archipelago as their base of operations for attacking US ships. Spain expected no immediate rewards but hoped that the removal of the privateers would help expel Britain from Florida altogether. Although the invasion was successful, Loyalists from South Carolina would reconquer the Bahamas within a year.By then, the costly war was over. How costly it was for Spain is discussed by Paquette and Quintero Saravia, who arrive at the estimate of 431 million reales de vellón, “a significant sum,” they add, “since it is equivalent to the total annual revenue of the Spanish Royal Treasury during this period” (p. 13). A more accurate way, perhaps, of conveying the Spanish war costs would be to say—based on a calculation using the editors' own table 1.1—that in the years 1780–83 surplus defense spending (compared to peace years) amounted on average to a quarter of the treasury's annual revenue. These expenditures helped Spain move on from its embarrassing performance in the Seven Years' War. The 1780s seemed to herald a new era. They constituted, as Paquette and Quintero Saravia put it, the zenith of Spain's empire, “a revival and efflorescence often obscured by its vertiginous fall, sparked by war in Europe, in the early nineteenth century” (p. 30).

16th Mechanized Brigade of the 7th Mechanized Corps in the Pyatikhat Operation of 1943

Introduction. The Pyatikhat offensive operation of the Steppe (2nd Ukrainian) front completes a series of major battles in 1943, but it remains poorly studied, especially on the issue of the actions of individual units (corps, divisions, and brigades). Methods and materials. Declassification of a large set of archival materials allows gradually eliminating this gap in the historiography of the Great Patriotic War. Conducting an objective analysis of combat logs, comparing them with previously published sources has allowed considering the participation of the 16th mechanized brigade in the first stage of the Pyatikhat operation from October 15 to November 5, 1943. Analysis. The article discusses the process of forming and training of the brigade in July-September, the breakthrough of the German defense, the liberation of the city of Pyatikhat and other localities from October 15 to 21, 1943, defensive battles on the approaches to Krivoy Rog (from October 21 to November 4, 1943). Results. For the 16th mechanized brigade formed in summer 1943, participation in this operation was a real baptism of fire. Together with other brigades of the 7th mechanized corps, it actively participated in the liberation of the city of Pyatikhatka and other localities. At the same time, soldiers of the brigade showed mass heroism, breaking through the defense of the Nazis and destroying enemy’s equipment. Then, retreating slightly under the counterattacks of fresh German units, the 16th MB steadfastly and courageously defended the lines assigned to it. The analysis of the ratio of losses of the brigades personnel and similar damage to the enemy shows that in the Pyatikhat operation, the 16th mechanized brigade performed its task with high efficiency, and most of its officers proved themselves competent commanders and courageous soldiers.

Along the Academe‐Policy Frontier: A Tribute to Aileen S.P. Baviera

Along the Academe‐Policy Frontier: A Tribute to Aileen S.P. Baviera

Review of The malaise of academic scholarship: Why it starts with the doctoral dissertation as a baptism of fire

Review of The malaise of academic scholarship: Why it starts with the doctoral dissertation as a baptism of fire

Janet Brennan Croft (ed.), Baptism of Fire: The Birth of the Modern British Fantastic in World War I

Janet Brennan Croft (ed.), <i>Baptism of Fire: The Birth of the Modern British Fantastic in World War I</i>

Janet Brennan Croft, Baptism of Fire: The Birth of the Modern British Fantastic in World War I

Janet Brennan Croft, <i>Baptism of Fire: The Birth of the Modern British Fantastic in World War I</i>

Developing expertise for uncertainty; do we rely on a baptism of fire, the mills of experience or could clinicians be trained?

ABSTRACTUncertainty is pervasive in clinical practice; training for uncertainty is rarely explicit in formal training programmes. We describe a training intervention to explore the implications of uncertainty on learners emotions, cognitions, decision making and attitudes. Using a mapping approach learners identified skills for uncertain situations. Preliminary evaluation indicates helpful outcomes at three levels of Fitzpatrick’s framework for evaluation.

Baptism in the Holy Spirit-and-Fire: Luke’s Implicitly Pneumatological Theory of Atonement

Historically, theologies of atonement have neglected the Holy Spirit. Luke provides us with an important canonical voice for addressing this neglect. Luke locates Christ’s salvific work within his mission to baptize all flesh in the Holy Spirit and fire. He is to occasion a “river” of the Spirit through which all must pass, either unto destruction or salvation. Christ must himself pass through this river to be the Spirit Baptizer. He must pass through the baptism of fire on the cross so as to bring others into the blessings of the Spirit.

The Year's Work in Tolkien Studies 2015

The Year's Work in Tolkien Studies 2015 David Bratman (bio), Jason Fisher (bio), John Wm. Houghton (bio), John Magoun (bio), and Robin Anne Reid (bio) Introduction [David Bratman] Ecocriticism, described last year as a growth field in Tolkien studies ("The Year's Work in Tolkien Studies 2014," Tolkien Studies 14 [2017]: 211), continued to flourish in 2015, in the form of an anthology in the field, Representations of Nature in Middle-earth, edited by Martin Simonson (Zurich: Walking Tree, 2015) and several other articles on closely related topics. Similarly, gender studies, another field of Tolkien studies that's been around for a while but is attracting new interest, proved both its venerability and its currency with the publication of Perilous and Fair: Women in the Works and Life of J.R.R. Tolkien, edited by Janet Brennan Croft and Leslie A. Donovan (Altadena, CA: Mythopoeic Press, 2015), a book containing seven new essays and seven reprints, most of the latter from the decade of the 2000s, though the two most important (mentioned in the writeup on the book) date from 1992 and 1984. Here, also, the topic's papers spread beyond the anthology. Croft and Donovan each also edited one other important theme anthology of the year. Donovan's Approaches to Teaching Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings and Other Works (New York: Modern Language Association of America, 2015) is a large collection of brief essays that also forms the center of a constellation of other writings on the topic, all of which are covered here under "Reception and Adaptation." Croft's Baptism of Fire: The Birth of the Modern British Fantastic in World War I (Altadena, CA: Mythopoeic Press, 2015) is not limited to Tolkien, but seven of its 17 essays concern his works, three of which are reprints and four of which are new; these are covered under "General Literary Criticism" and "Gender Studies." The most substantive more general anthology of the year was Tolkien Among the Moderns, edited by Ralph C. Wood (Notre Dame, [End Page 265] IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2015). From this title, one might expect a collection of papers for "General Literary Studies" or "Source and Comparative," but while some of its papers are dealt with there, Wood's interest is more on Tolkien's relationship with the moral philosophy of modernism, and consequently the bulk of the book is considered under "Religious and Ethical." Journeys & Destinations: Proceedings of the 22nd Tolkien Society Seminar, Sir John Soane's Museum, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, June 27th 2009, edited by Ian Collier (Wolverhampton, UK: Tolkien Society, 2015), is a brief collection sticking only nominally to its stated theme of journeying. Forgotten Leaves: Essays from a Smial, edited by Jessica Burke and Anthony Burdge (Staten Island, NY: Myth Ink Books, 2015), is a collection of essays, most of them not of academic provenance, given at conferences of the New York Tolkien Society. This book appeared in two editions, unmarked as such in the forematter. The revised edition adds an index by Nicholas Birns, a credit appearing on the title page of that edition. The smaller physical size of the revised edition (22 cm. high instead of 23 cm.) and in some places a larger typeface result in a different pagination of most of the essays and that, together with the index, makes the revised edition 285 pages instead of 270 (the last numbered page being otherwise blank in both editions). The two editions may also be distinguished by their ISBNs, the revised edition being 9781534923461 and the first edition 9781514130902. The present survey gives the paginations of the revised edition only. Monographs were a quieter than usual field this year, notable mostly for books that, like Wood's Tolkien Among the Moderns, placed Tolkien in context. Several books treated him in conjunction with C.S. Lewis, including two on his and Tolkien's literary friendship circle, the Inklings, of which The Fellowship: The Literary Lives of the Inklings, by Philip and Carol Zaleski, received the 2017 Mythopoeic Scholarship Award in Inklings Studies. The Evolution of Modern Fantasy: From Antiquarianism to the Ballantine Adult Fantasy Series, by Jamie Williamson, places...

Introduction

Introduction

Cy Peck, VC, the Prince Rupert Company, and the Great War

The Northern Review 44 (2017): 347–354 On 24 April 1915 Major Cyrus Wesley Peck and his 225-strong contingent of men from Prince Rupert, British Columbia crossed the English Channel bound for No Man’s Land. The day was also notable for being Peck’s forty-fourth birthday. Peck, the owner of a real estate and insurance firm, had been instrumental in raising the Prince Rupert company in November 1914—managing to keep the unit together as it went through training in Canada and later England. Upon reaching the front lines the company reinforced the badly depleted ranks of the 16th Battalion (Canadian Scottish), which had been shredded two days earlier in the Canadian army’s baptism of fire at Kitchener’s Wood. Peck was made a company commander and the Prince Rupert troops were distributed throughout the battalion. This meant the story of Prince Rupert’s contribution to the Great War essentially mirrored that of the renowned Canadian Scottish battalion. On 3 November 1916 command of the battalion went to Peck. On 2 September 1918 Peck’s gallant leadership of the battalion in winning the pivotal Drocourt-Queant Line battle earned him a Victoria Cross and the Canadian Scottish one of their most treasured Battle Honours. This article is part of a special collection of papers originally presented at a conference on “The North and the First World War,” held May 2016 in Whitehorse, Yukon. https://doi.org/10.22584/nr44.2017.015