Bank Managers Research Articles

Organisational growth and decline in Indonesian Islamic banks

Purpose This study aims to investigate the growth of Indonesian Islamic banks and explores organisational growth determinants from different perspectives, namely, organisational climate, intellectual capital (IC) and organisational service orientation. The study also attempts to develop a model to measure the growth of Islamic banks and uncovers the root causes of the stagnancy in Indonesian Islamic banking. Design/methodology/approach The study used survey questionnaires distributed to Islamic bank managers, who were considered representative experts in the field of Islamic banking. The data collected were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 21.0), and two analyses were performed with different strategies to build the regression model, namely, multiple linear regression and automatic linear regression. Findings The study found that IC significantly affected Islamic banks’ growth in Indonesia; however, organisational climate and service orientation did not predict such growth. Concerning service orientation as a mediating model, climate or IC had no indirect effect on growth. Research limitations/implications This study’s results contribute to fill the gap by analysing the growth of Islamic banks. Hence, the study results will be especially practical and helpful for Islamic bank managers and policymakers to help develop mechanisms for Islamic banks in Indonesia. Originality/value By combining the aspects of organisational climate, IC and service orientation from earlier studies and categorising them by organisational growth, together with a comprehensive literature review, the study proposes a model specific to Islamic banks. It also offers new insight and discussion for determining organisational growth in Indonesian Islamic banks.

Islamic marketing of conventional banks: bridging managers’ and clients’ perceived gaps

Purpose While the Noble Quran dictates the prohibition of interest, conventional banks promote Islamic banking by opening Islamic banking windows. Against this backdrop, this study aims to investigate the perceived gaps between managers and clients in Islamic marketing and banking, focusing on conventional banks’ Islamic banking windows. Design/methodology/approach Guided by a qualitative approach, semi-structured personal interviews and observations served as the data collection methods, involving 25 banks and 50 respondents in 3 different districts, namely, Shirajganj, Rajshahi and Chapainawabganj of Bangladesh from January to October 2023. The data were analysed using ATLAS.ti 2023 to explore codes and quotations derived from 14 interview questions. Further, ATLAS.ti 2023 facilitated synthesizing content, concepts, code occurrence, network analysis and thematic analysis. Findings Islamic and non-Islamic banks use Quranic verses, hadiths (prophetic traditions), images of mosques, the Kaaba and Arabic texts as Islamic marketing tools. These spiritual, divine and prescriptive tools are associated with Islamic banking. However, conventional banks receive criticism for having separate Islamic banking windows to serve religiously conscious clients, which generates tension among clients and bank managers. Practical implications The findings can theoretically assist academics in examining conventional banks’ Islamic marketing and banking practices, opening Islamic banking windows. Importantly, Shariah boards can play policy roles in safeguarding the function of Islamic marketing and banking. Managers can use the findings to anticipate client perceptions and enhance Islamic marketing and banking strategies. Likewise, the social implications include the explicit stance of Shariah to mitigate the mixture of halal and haram banking. Originality/value This pioneering study explores the perspectives of Islamic banking windows by non-Islamic banks. The combination of Islamic marketing and banking is a noteworthy novelty in this study and deserves recognition for its unique contribution to halal marketing and finance.

Financial technology FINTEC innovation and disruption

The advent of financial technology (fintech) advances has caused a rapid transformation of the financial industry, causing major disruptions to the traditional banking and finance sectors. In an effort to shed light on how the financial industry is changing, this thesis examines the patterns and ramifications of fintech innovation and disruption. The first section of the paper is a thorough examination of the literature that describes the development of fintech as well as the theoretical underpinnings of disruption and innovation. Through case studies of profitable fintech businesses, it investigates current developments in fintech innovation, such as robo-advisors, blockchain technology, and digital payments. The thesis also examines the disruptive effects of fintech on the financial sector, emphasizing the ways in which fintech is changing the landscape of traditional banking and finance. Additionally, it addresses the regulatory issues raised by fintech. The thesis makes predictions about the direction of fintech based on the data and suggests possible areas for more study. With a summary of the most important findings and their ramifications for researchers, financial institutions, and legislators, it ends by highlighting the necessity of proactive tactics for adjusting to the shifting fintech environment. By adding to the body of knowledge already available on fintech innovation and disruption, this thesis helps academics, business professionals, and policymakers navigate the changing financial world. Through innovation and disruption, financial technology, or fintech, has become a disruptive force in the financial industry, altering traditional banking and finance. This thesis examines how fintech has developed and how it has affected the financial industry, emphasizing trends, obstacles, and stakeholder consequences. This study examines the several ways that fintech is changing the financial services sector, including banking, insurance, and investment management, through an extensive assessment of the literature. With an emphasis on regulatory sandboxes and open banking initiatives, it investigates how regulatory frameworks either support or impede fintech innovation and disruption. This thesis also explores the tactics used by prosperous fintech startups to overthrow established players and increase market share. It also takes into account the dangers and difficulties that come with fintech innovation, like issues with cybersecurity, data protection, and regulatory compliance.

Threshold effect of non-interest income disaggregates on commercial banks’ financial performance in Zimbabwe

Financial performance has become a trending concept in corporate finance and strategic management in recent times especially in the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) of 2007–2009. As an antidote to charter value erosion caused by stiff competition from incumbents in traditional banking activities, banks venture into non-core banking activities as a diversification and survival strategy. The purpose of the study is to determine the optimal threshold levels of non-interest income that stimulate financial performance of ten Zimbabwean commercial banks using non-interest income disaggregates over 2009–2020. Unfortunately, studies that examine the non-interest-income-financial performance nexus of banks involved in intermediation are scant and inconclusive. Furthermore, the use of threshold models to crack this puzzle are conspicuous. The study employed Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares and Threshold difference Generalized Methods of Moment nonlinear threshold approaches. The aggregated and disentangled non-interest income dynamic optimal thresholds found are 26 %, 17 % and 10 % whereas the average static ones are 35 %, 28 % and 17 %. Compared to aggregated non-interest income, the study reveals that the disaggregates pose a greater positive impact on financial performance of banks in the upper regime than their counterparts in the lower regime. In addition, more banks were found to be operating below the required minimum thresholds. To avert episodes of bank failures and hedging against banking sector fragility, commercial bank managers should come up with well-diversified portfolios of income-generating ventures. Also, central bank regulations must promote non-interest activities, competition, growth and reduce leverage of commercial banks.

Assessment of climate change induced rainfall trend and variability with non-parametric and linear approach for Sirajganj district, Bangladesh

The monthly and annual trends and variance of rainfall have been studied for five stations in an economically important Bangladeshi district named Sirajganj since 1965 to 2021. Natural disasters have prevalent in Sirajganj which is indispensable to assess. But, several researchers have been normally focused on river bank management and flood risk assessment. However, no extensive research has been conducted on Sirajganj based on non-normally distributed time series meteorological data such as rainfall time series so the current study is very important. In this study, the non-parametric Mann-Kendall and Sen's methods have been used to determine the statistical significance of a positive or negative trend in rainfall data. Also, cumulative sum charts and bootstrapping, one-way ANOVA, Tukey's range tests, and linear regression have been used to discover the incidence of abrupt changes, compare the significant difference in monthly and annual rainfall data, multiple comparisons amidst mentioned stations to find changes, and to investigate the changeover on dry and rainy days, respectively. The analysis showed a statistically significant decreasing trends in monthly and annual rainfall series. As well, changes from positive to negative direction have been recognized in the February, May, July, September, and annual rainfall time sequence. Besides, ANOVA and Tukey's range tests revealed a statistically substantial difference in all monthly and annual rainfall volume excluding January, March, and June. Additionally, these two tests demonstrated momentous differences in all monthly and annual frequency of rainfall categories excepting January and April. However, Linear regression analysis revealed that the number of dry days gradually reduced at the end of the dry winter, though the number of rainy days decreased during the rainy season. As in, the number of rainy days replaces the number of dry days during the dry season and vice versa during the rainy season. Even though, with very few exceptions, the volume of rainfall decreases throughout the year. The outcomes of this research might helpful for implementing the planning and evaluating hydrological projects on Sirajganj district.

Factors affecting the technological innovation of banks toward accounting benefits in a developing country’s industrial revolution 4.0 context: evidence from Vietnam

Purpose This study aims to investigate the factors affecting technological innovation intentions at banks listed in Vietnam, a developing country, to develop business activities and accounting benefits according to the trend of the 4th Industrial Revolution. Design/methodology/approach To collect and analyze the data for this study, qualitative and quantitative methods were used. Specifically, 20 finance and banking experts and 45 managers in the field of information technology were interviewed in qualitative research over a period of three months. Then, 1,000 questionnaires were sent to banks within six months, with the final sample for quantitative research being 324 respondents. Finally, the structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to check the hypotheses. Regarding the tools used, the qualitative study used a semistructured questionnaire to collect information. Meanwhile, SPSS software was used to analyze quantitative research information, including checking common method bias, nonresponse bias, evaluating scale quality and checking SEM. Findings The findings show that the usefulness, ease of application, credibility, innovation and efficiency of technology have certain impacts on technological innovation intentions at banks listed in Vietnam. Using the SEM analysis, the results showed that the five factors had a favorable influence on the technological innovation intentions. More specifically, this study proposed adding an efficiency factor, and the results showed that it has the greatest impact on technological innovation intentions. Research limitations/implications This study would be considered a continuation of prior studies because it provides empirical evidence for business models at banks listed in developing countries (for example, Vietnam) and so provides useful advice for bank management not only in Vietnam but across Asia. In fact, bank managers should consider introducing new technology as appropriate to make their reports more clear and up-to-date, therefore improving their performance. Banking managers, in particular, should focus on enhancing the bank’s application technology indicators to obtain a competitive edge. Originality/value This is a pioneering study that uses a combination of the reasoned action theory, planned behavior theory, transaction cost theory and unified theory of acceptance and use of technology to expand knowledge about technological innovation intentions at listed banks in the context of a developing country. The study also discovered and added the efficiency factor as a key factor affecting the intention to innovate technology at listed banks. These contribute to improving the literature of technological innovation intentions.

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND STATE-OWNED BANK'S PERFORMANCE: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF RISK PREFERENCE

This study examines the impact of digital transformation on the financial performance of Indonesian state-owned banks, using risk preference as a moderating variable. The study utilizes data from the annual financial reports of Indonesian state-owned banks from 2019 to 2023. Digital transformation is measured through text mining of annual reports, bank performance is primarily indicated by Net Interest Margin (NIM), and risk preference is assessed using the Z-score. Given the presence of autocorrelation in the fixed effects model, the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) is employed. The results reveal that digital transformation does not directly affect bank performance. However, this relationship is significantly moderated by the banks' risk preferences. Banks with higher risk preference tend to leverage digital transformation more effectively, resulting in increased profitability and higher risks. Conversely, banks with lower risk preferences adopt digital technologies more cautiously, achieving steadier but potentially lower gains. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and bank managers in the Indonesian banking sector, emphasizing balancing technological advancements with risk management to maintain financial stability. This study highlights the crucial role of digital transformation in enhancing bank performance when aligned with risk management strategies and contributes to the understanding of the complex relationship between digital transformation, risk preference, and bank performance in emerging economies, particularly in the context of state-owned banks.

BANK-SPECIFIC, ECONOMIC AND LEGAL DETERMINANTS OF PROFITABILITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA

Background: Bank profitability is more than just a financial indicator; it is a reflection of the health and vitality of the banking sector and the economy as a whole. Profitable banks help to maintain financial stability by increasing resilience, facilitating capital formation and intermediation, promoting innovation and adaptability, and instilling confidence and trust. Hence, profitability is critical in the banking sector since it directly influences policymakers, regulators, and bank management. Therefore, the study will estimate the influence of specific bank and economic-legal determinants on return on assets in the Republic of North Macedonia. Thus, the study aims to estimate the influence of specific bank and economic-legal determinants on return on assets in the Republic of Northern Macedonia. Methods: The study employs the methodology of the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and covers quarterly data from 2007 to 2022. To conduct the empirical analysis required to identify and assess the factors of bank profitability, quantitative data were gathered primarily from the National Bank of the Republic of North Macedonia, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Bank. Return on Assets was used as a dependent variable. The set of factors is composed into two groups: the first includes bank-specific (controlled) factors such as the sectors’ size, credit risk, capital adequacy, liquidity, income diversification, efficiency of operations, and non-performing loans. The second group includes macroeconomic (uncontrolled) factors such as economic growth, inflation, and interest rates. Results and Conclusions: Results reveal that the size of the banking sector, the risk of the credit, liquidity, income diversification and non-performing loans have a meaningful but negative influence on the response variable. However, capital adequacy, operational efficiency, GDP and interest rate have an important positive impact. Hence, based on the empirical analyses, to boost profitability, the Macedonian banking system should prioritise asset management as a size indication, raising the non-income ratio to diversify revenue, reducing credit risk and non-performing loans, and maintaining a good liquidity ratio.Furthermore, there is clear evidence that second-level banks should extend beyond national borders. Better loan portfolio management, greater technology with database processing and communication improvements, and expanded technology with database processing and communication improvements can strengthen the ability to deal with the next crisis. Additionally, banks should increase non-interest revenue by employing it as a risk outlet in banking and distributing it across many income-generating enterprises, enhancing profitability. These findings offer insights for bank executives and regulators interested in increasing bank profitability and stability.

Financial Technology FINTEC Innovation and Disruption

Abstract: The advent of financial technology (fintech) advances has caused a rapid transformation of the financial industry, causing major disruptions to the traditional banking and finance sectors. In an effort to shed light on how the financial industry is changing, this thesis examines the patterns and ramifications of fintech innovation and disruption. The first section of the paper is a thorough examination of the literature that describes the development of fintech as well as the theoretical underpinnings of disruption and innovation. Through case studies of profitable fintech businesses, it investigates current developments in fintech innovation, such as robo-advisors, blockchain technology, and digital payments. The thesis also examines the disruptive effects of fintech on the financial sector, emphasizing the ways in which fintech is changing the landscape of traditional banking and finance. Additionally, it addresses the regulatory issues raised by fintech. The thesis makes predictions about the direction of fintech based on the data and suggests possible areas for more study. With a summary of the most important findings and their ramifications for researchers, financial institutions, and legislators, it ends by highlighting the necessity of proactive tactics for adjusting to the shifting fintech environment. By adding to the body of knowledge already available on fintech innovation and disruption, this thesis helps academics, business professionals, and policymakers navigate the changing financial world. Through innovation and disruption, financial technology, or fintech, has become a disruptive force in the financial industry, altering traditional banking and finance. This thesis examines how fintech has developed and how it has affected the financial industry, emphasizing trends, obstacles, and stakeholder consequences. This study examines the several ways that fintech is changing the financial services sector, including banking, insurance, and investment management, through an extensive assessment of the literature. With an emphasis on regulatory sandboxes and open banking initiatives, it investigates how regulatory frameworks either support or impede fintech innovation and disruption. This thesis also explores the tactics used by prosperous fintech startups to overthrow established players and increase market share. It also takes into account the dangers and difficulties that come with fintech innovation, like issues with cybersecurity, data protection, and regulatory compliance

Revitalization of waste bank management in Cecelan Hamlet, Magelang Regency

Established in 2016, Bank Sampah Lestari, a community-based waste bank, was forced to cease operations due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This outreach initiative aimed to revitalize waste management activities at Bank Sampah Lestari. Employing a Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach, the project encompassed a series of activities, including raising awareness about the crucial role of waste banks, guiding participants in waste sorting practices, facilitating the sale of paper and cardboard waste, teaching organic fertilizer production, promoting maggot cultivation, encouraging the creation of handicrafts from plastic waste, and supporting vegetable gardening within the bank's premises. The project's outcomes included: 1) the establishment of a new organizational structure for bank sampah membership, 2) the resumption of waste sorting, collection, and sales activities, and 3) enhanced community creativity and knowledge regarding waste management practices.

IMPACT OF NPA (NON-PERFORMING ASSETS) ON THE PROFITABILITY PERFORMANCE OF THE SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANK

The banking sectors performance is crucial for any economy as it reflects the countrys financial health. Banks play a crucial role in mobilising funds from various sectors of the economy, including both priority and non-priority sectors, to finance diverse economic activities.For many years, the banking industry has faced significant challenges due to unrecovered loans.The presence of Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) has significantly hindered the development and growth of the economy.This study delves into the impact of NPAs on the profitability performance of selected public and private sector banks in India from 2018-19 to 2022-23. Analysing key ratios like Gross NPA, Net NPA, and Return on Assets (ROA), sheds light on the relationship between NPAs and bank performance. The findings highlight higher NPA levels in public sector banks, adversely affecting their profitability. Moreover, a significant correlation between NPAs and profitability underscores the imperative of effective NPA management for enhancing bank profitability. These insights are crucial for bank management, policymakers, and regulators to devise strategies for mitigating NPAs and fortifying the banking sector.

أثر الذكاء الاصطناعي في الأداء المؤسسي: متغير وسيط رأس المال الفكري في البنوك التجارية العاملة بالمملكة العربية السعودية

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) with its dimensions (expert systems, automatic machine learning, usability) on organizational performance, mediated by intellectual capital, in commercial banks operating in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study population comprised all employees in commercial banks in Saudi Arabia, and the study relied on a proportionate stratified random sample of administrators in these banks (managers, department heads, supervisors, administrators), totaling 338 administrators. The study utilized a descriptive-analytical methodology, developing a questionnaire consisting of 38 items. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for data analysis and hypothesis testing. The study yielded several key findings: There is a significant impact of artificial intelligence, with its dimensions (expert systems, automatic machine learning, usability), on organizational performance. Additionally, there is a significant impact of artificial intelligence dimensions on intellectual capital, and intellectual capital significantly impacts organizational performance. Moreover, there is a significant indirect impact of artificial intelligence dimensions on organizational performance through intellectual capital in commercial banks. The study recommended that bank management focus on expert systems provided by artificial intelligence to acquire knowledge from stored databases for problem-solving and application through organizational performance and intellectual capital. It also suggested developing systems to logically and programmatically address accounting errors to enhance the ability to automatically monitor and reevaluate internal processes continuously in line with changes in the external work environment. This can be achieved through the use of modern technology, knowledge transfer, research, and development.

A Study on Risk Management and Performance Analysis of Commercial Banks in India: (Application of Camel Model)

There are various financial tools and techniques to measure the performance of the banks, one of the most important one being the CAMEL model which lays emphasis on all the aspects of the performance measurement. The present study analyses the performance of selected nationalized banks in India.

Enhancing the participation intention and improving customer satisfaction in the banking industry by utilizing social media technology due to the mediating role of value perceived by customers

This research was designed to examine the effect of using social media technology on improving participation and customer satisfaction in the banking industry due to the mediating role of value perceived by customers of the studied banks. The present study was an applied and descriptive-surveying research in terms of objective and methodology, respectively. The research statistical sample consisted of 235 senior managers of state and private banks in the banking industry of Iran. A questionnaire was employed to collect the research data, and its validity and reliability were con and Cronbach's alpha indices. The structural equation modelling method was used in the SmartPLS software to test the research hypotheses once the data was gathered. The results of testing the hypotheses demonstrated that the use of social media technology has a positive impact on improving participation intention, satisfaction, and value perceived by customers of the studied banks, which directly predicts 0.486, 0.551, and 0.568 of changes related to the participation intention, satisfaction, and perceived value, respectively. The results analysis also revealed that social media technology has a positive impact on participation intention and customer satisfaction through the value perceived by customers. Hence, the use of social media technology through the mediating variable indirectly predicts 0.517 and 0.449 of changes related to participation intention and customer satisfaction, respectively. Accordingly, one may acknowledge that the studied banks can move towards sustainable improvement of customer participation and satisfaction by accurately utilizing social media technology such as social networks aimed at boosting the continuous relationship with their customers as well as improving the capabilities of customer relationship management by related technologies.

An Analysis of Verification Systems and Cybersecurity Dangers

Global infrastructure provides all nations essential services such as Internet, electricity, banking, finance, public services, transportation, and water management. Each country has a distinct plan for critical infrastructure based on its sector. As IoT-based solutions become more prevalent, critical infrastructures require network and Internet access. As a result, critical systems within information networks are also vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Identifying possible cyber-attacks, developing defence tactics, and implementing preventative measures are critical. Protecting critical infrastructures from cyber-attacks is crucial nowadays. This paper examines current attacks on critical infrastructures. Security steps are addressed to prevent Internet protocol-based innovations. The IoT has enabled online connectivity for almost anything. The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to networked computing devices that may send data without human input. In contrast, the Internet is valuable; it can pose a significant cybersecurity risk to critical infrastructure.

The role of employee ambidexterity on employee agility: a moderation analysis with employee organizational tenure

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to investigate how employee ambidexterity (studied as passive and active ambidexterity; EPA and EAA) impacts employee agility (in terms of proactivity, resilience and adaptability) along with the moderating influences of employee organizational tenure (EOT).Design/methodology/approachA simple random sampling technique is used to collect primary responses from bank managers working in various public, private and regional rural banks in India. The analysis is performed using AMOS (Version-25), a covariance-based structural equation modeling approach.FindingsThe two-folded findings include first, the EAA–agility relationship is stronger than the EPA–agility linkage. Second, EOT negatively influences the EAA–EPA–agility relationships.Originality/valueAlthough the performance impact of ambidexterity is well documented in the literature there is a dearth of empirical investigation on its agility impact. Since most of the extant researchers have studied ambidexterity and agility from an organizational context, this research highlights the less-studied ambidexterity-agility connection from an employee perspective. Further, EOT is mostly studied as a control variable, while this research investigates as a moderator influencing the ambidexterity–agility linkage in the context of emerging economies such as India.

Green banking disclosure from the perspective of corporate governance, financial slack and human resource slack in Indonesia

Green banking is a long-term business strategy with the main target of achieving sustainable benefits and preserving the environment. Determining the ability of corporate governance to influence green banking disclosure in banking companies in Indonesia was the aim of the study. Annual reports and sustainability reports of banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange are used as secondary data. 84 data were used after selection using the purposive sampling method. The technique used to analyze the research data is SmartPLS. The findings show that good corporate governance can improve green banking disclosure. Financial slack and human resource slack, as moderating variables, can moderate the influence of corporate governance on green banking disclosure. The results also indicate that green banking disclosure has the potential to encourage positive changes in sustainable banking practices and information transparency. In the end, good corporate governance can stimulate bank management to care more about environmental issues. Financial and human resource slack in banking strengthens the relationship between the two and increases a company’s role in maintaining environmental and social sustainability.

Implementation Of A Waste Bank Management Program In The South Tangerang City Area (Study In Benda Baru Subdistrict)

This research aims to analyze the implementation of the waste bank management program and the waste bank management model in Benda Baru Subdistrict, South Tangerang City. This research uses a qualitative approach, data collection techniques using observations, in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and documentation. The sampling technique used in this research was purposive sampling. The informants consisted of 5 groups of informants, namely the Environmental Service, Village Employees, Waste Bank Managers, Environmental Monitoring Institutions and the Community of Banda Baru Village, South Tangerang City. This research uses the Miles and Huberman Model Qualitative Data Analysis Technique where the implementation of the waste bank management program uses policy implementation theory from George C. Edwards III, namely four variables in public policy, namely Communication, Resources, attitudes (dispositions or attitudes) and bureaucratic structure and Van Horn Theory. The latest in this research is the collaboration between the use of information technology and public policy regarding waste bank management. Waste bank management model to implement a waste bank management program by including information technology elements in the information flow, sorting/sorting flow, bookkeeping flow and customer deposit distribution flow at the waste bank. Meanwhile, the model for implementing the waste bank management program in the flow of collecting or purchasing waste from local government waste banks requires establishing a Regional Owned Enterprise or regional company that specifically handles waste produced from waste banks. This has a massive impact on the green economy concept to improve community welfare.

The Integrated Online Application for Blood Bank and Donor Management System

Blood shortages pose a significant global health challenge, hindering medical interventions and causing preventable deaths. Traditional blood collection methods struggle to keep pace with demand, highlighting the need for a centralized and digital solution. We propose a online Blood Bank and Donor Management System (BBDMS) – a mobile application utilizing HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, and SQL – to streamline blood donation and transfusion processes.

Waste Management System: A Case Study of Waste Bank Management Toward a Circular Economy in Maros Regency

Waste management has been in the spotlight recently due to the annual escalating volume of waste generated. The concept of a circular economy has emerged as a viable economic framework that aligns with sustainable development objectives, particularly those concerning responsible consumption and production practices to support local economies. This article seeks to assess the efficacy of waste bank management in fostering the development of an efficient municipal waste management system conducive to a circular economy with a robust waste recycling infrastructure. This study employed a descriptive qualitative interpretative approach underpinned by a phenomenological framework. Data were gathered from diverse reputable sources such as journals, books, and other relevant references, which the author subsequently analyzed. The findings indicate that waste management in Maros Regency has been operating optimally, driven by stakeholder involvement in promoting waste disposal practices within the community. Establishing the Turikale Main waste bank is a testament to the success of transitioning waste management towards a circular economy model. This initiative facilitates waste recycling and empowers the local economy, generating substantial monthly revenue independently. The significance of this research lies in its capacity to offer valuable insights and recommendations for researchers seeking to evaluate and formulate waste management strategies anchored in the concept of waste banks, which can be replicated in other regions.