Bank Account Research Articles

A Study of Factors Influencing Customers' Intention to use Mobile Phones for E-Payment in Klang Valley, Malaysia

In the current market, usage of e-payment has been dominant instead of the physical cash payment method. Money is transferred out from a bank account using a debit card, credit card, or online banking to pay people using the e-wallet, offering the effortlessness of a cashless payment method. The Internet turned out to be the pillar technology, particularly for the retail industry, electronic payments, mobile payments, and banking systems initiated to develop. Beforehand, cashless transactions are just individuals making payments by using debit or credit cards, which are the main initiative of the development of banking system technology. Due to the era of globalization, the utilization of banking system technology between banks and third parties, debit, and credit debit cards can also be considered e-payments. The study's objectives are to identify the effect of perceived compatibility, social influences, personal innovativeness, and facilitating conditions on customer intentions among working adults who use mobile phones for e-payment in Klang Valley. This research shows that the use of the UTAUT model is helpful to assist academicians and marketers as a further research purpose to understand the consumer’s intention towards the acceptance of new technology which is e-payments. From this study, the finding shows that positive sign which is seen across the independent variables of social influence perceived compatibility, and facilitating condition. There is no relationship between personal innovativeness and customers’ intention to use mobile phones for e-payment in Klang Valley. Quantitative data had been obtained through the distribution of online questionnaires to 384 targeted respondents as part of the methodology of this research. In this study, three data analysis models have been applied in data analysis descriptive analysis, multiple linear regression, and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. The survey was analysed through SPSS version 27.

A merely national ‘universal’ basic income and global justice

A merely national ‘universal’ basic income and global justice

Common Cents: Bank Account Structure and Couples’ Relationship Dynamics

Abstract When a romantic relationship becomes serious, partners often confront a foundational decision about how to organize their personal finances: pool money together or keep things separate? In a six-wave longitudinal experiment, we investigated whether randomly assigning engaged or newlywed couples to merge their money in a joint bank account increases relationship quality over time. Whereas couples assigned to keep their money in separate accounts or to a no-intervention condition exhibited the normative decline in relationship quality across the first 2 years of marriage, couples assigned to merge money in a joint account sustained strong relationship quality throughout. The effect of bank account structure on relationship quality is multiply determined. We examine—and find support for—three potential mechanisms using both experimental and correlational methods: merging finances (1) improves how partners feel about how they handle money, (2) promotes financial goal alignment, and (3) sustains communal norm adherence (e.g., responding to each other’s needs without expectations of reciprocity). While prior research has documented a correlation between financial interdependence and relationship quality, our research offers the first experimental evidence that increasing financial interdependence helps newlyweds preserve stronger relationship quality throughout the newlywed period and potentially beyond.

Digital Theft: Concept, Contents, Victims and Their Classification

The goal of the article is to develop some aspects in the theoretical basis of digital thefts’ victimology. A digital theft is understood as stealing digital identifiers, assets, utilitarian digital rights or technological resources through inputting, blocking and modifying computer information. A victim of digital theft is a physical (juridical) person who suffered property or other damage from the illegal seizure of the abovementioned intangible objects. The author suggests singling out the following types of victims, depending on the crimes: 1. Thefts of means of payment (electronic and cryptocurrency, token-actions, credit tokens). They are carried out by a third party gaining illegal access to the blockchain purse of the victim or unsanctioned transfers from it. 2. Thefts of information (passwords, access keys, personal identifiers, accounts, elements of a digital person). The main type of information to be compromised is the so-called governing information in its numerous forms. 3. Thefts of resources (computational capacities, traffic, electric energy). From the economic viewpoint, this is theft of key production capacities of the information era. This subgroup includes victims of computational capacities’ theft (unsanctioned use of the victim’s processor and appropriation of the capacities of personal computers without the knowledge of the user), internet traffic (tunnelling), electric energy (unlawful use of energy resources through unsanctioned connection to the network with the use of telecommunication technologies). The author draws some conclusions regarding the spread of such crimes and the traditional risk groups among Internet users who run a higher chance of the type of victimization under analysis. The topic of digital thefts is considered to be highly urgent and relevant for complex research in the spheres of cybercriminology, cybercriminalistics and cybervictimology. This is of principal importance in the conditions of the digital transformation of the economy and criminalization of new actions infringing on the electronic means of payment (such as thefts from a bank account or other actions involving digital currency included in Part 3, Art. 158 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).

Online payment fraud: from anomaly detection to risk management

Online banking fraud occurs whenever a criminal can seize accounts and transfer funds from an individual’s online bank account. Successfully preventing this requires the detection of as many fraudsters as possible, without producing too many false alarms. This is a challenge for machine learning owing to the extremely imbalanced data and complexity of fraud. In addition, classical machine learning methods must be extended, minimizing expected financial losses. Finally, fraud can only be combated systematically and economically if the risks and costs in payment channels are known. We define three models that overcome these challenges: machine learning-based fraud detection, economic optimization of machine learning results, and a risk model to predict the risk of fraud while considering countermeasures. The models were tested utilizing real data. Our machine learning model alone reduces the expected and unexpected losses in the three aggregated payment channels by 15% compared to a benchmark consisting of static if-then rules. Optimizing the machine-learning model further reduces the expected losses by 52%. These results hold with a low false positive rate of 0.4%. Thus, the risk framework of the three models is viable from a business and risk perspective.

Financial inclusion and its demand-side determinants: Evidence from Ethiopia

Financial inclusion is one of the development priorities of the Ethiopian Government. However, factors, which might affect it are not explored adequately with appropriate methods. To examine the relationship between financial inclusion and its demand-side determinants, we applied a simple probit model and two probit models with sample selection to the 2018/19 Ethiopia Socioeconomic Survey (ESS4). Our simple probit model estimation results show that male, older, non-Muslim, married, more educated, richest, mobile users or people who are aware of how to open a bank account are more likely to have a formal account than their counterparts. However, being from a rural area or from a larger household size reduces the likelihood of having an account. Results from the probit selection model show that rural residents, employed, richer people, or people who are out of labor force are more likely to use their account to save money than their counterparts. Furthermore, the third model shows that being non-Muslim, married, widowed, or poorer reduces the likelihood of account use than their counterparts. Thus, policies should target the most vulnerable groups of the society. Especially, rural households, women, the Muslim population, the poor, less educated people, and the young should be the focus of financial inclusion endeavors of the Government. Parallel to these policy measures, awareness of opening bank account and financial education programs should be promoted.

Homeless in Midtown: The View from Mainchance

Alice M. speaks with some difficulty due to an early childhood brain injury. She worked with counselors at Mainchance—a New York City center for homeless adults where I volunteer as chair of the board—for four years before securing a studio in supportive housing with a Catholic agency in Queens. Proud of her childhood in Harlem, she has been in and out of institutional settings for most of her life. Her last bout of homelessness on the street lasted four years. For three years she slept in respite beds in churches and synagogues connected to Mainchance. She found employment in a sheltered workshop, established a bank account, and saved money while awaiting her eventual placement. Her face lights up when she talks about the kitchenette in her new residence.

Complexity of gender to understand financial behavior. Financial behavior of transgender and cisgender individuals: evidence from India: a qualitative inquiry

PurposeThis study aims to understand the unique financial behavior of transgender individuals compared to cisgender individuals. Furthermore, this study aims to demonstrate that understanding the financial behavior of transgender people will help financial institutions, regulators and policymakers to include them in the formal financial sector.Design/methodology/approachThe qualitative approach to research aims at understanding a given phenomenon among the participants. Semi-structured interviews are conducted with 28 transgender and cisgender individuals each. Thematic analysis is used to understand the participants’ financial behavior and propose future research directions and implications to regulators and practitioners.FindingsThe transgender participants (TP) earn no stable income compared to cisgender participants. Due to a lack of regular income, TP faces hardships covering their spending. No fixed spending or financial planning pattern is found among the TP, and they are found to be highly uncertain of their income and spending. The TP is found wholly excluded from the financial system, and not even a single participant with an active bank account or insurance is found. TP has not visited a bank in their lifetime, and financial literacy is found completely missing among them. No TP has ever taken a bank loan or credit from a financial institution. A zeal among TP to be financially included is found, and such participation will undoubtedly help them live a financially independent life. Cisgender people (CP) are found to be earning a stable income, have full-time jobs, save money, transact through a formal financial system and are financially more independent than TPs. Gender is shown to play a role in the financial behavior of the participants.Research limitations/implicationsThis study gathers information from transgender and CP and does not focus on the financial services providers; the decision not to interview the providers of financial services is a potential limitation of the present study. Another limitation is the small number of respondents who participated in the semi-structured interviews. Due to these limitations, the generalizability of the findings of this study regarding financial behavior will be restricted and require further evidence from future research.Practical implicationsThe present study has several practical implications. First, the requirement of understanding the financial behavior of transgender people from their perspective is missing in the literature, and studies focusing on their behavior are required to help them be financially independent. The present study has implications for regulators, policymakers and practitioners to help transgender people improve their financial conditions.Originality/valueThe existing literature does not include studies focusing on understanding the financial behavior of transgender people or drawing a comparison of the financial behavior of transgender or CP. The present study explores the financial behavior of transgender people and highlights the unique financial behavior of transgender individuals.

The case for tracing forward not backward through an overdraft

Abstract This article suggests that there is a respectable argument—contrary to generally held views—that equity can often trace through an overdrawn bank account, on general principle. But the direction of that tracing would be forward (as normal with tracing); not backward (the unconventional direction usually associated with potential tracing through overdrafts).

Fairness Aspects Of Compensation Arrangements In The Acquisition Of Land For Development For The Public Interest

The need for land for development for the public interest is increasingly urgent, while the supply of land is increasingly limited. The fairness and redress mechanisms in the land acquisition are often fraught with problems. This study aims to analyze the fairness aspects of the regulation and the mechanism for providing compensation in the acquisition of land for development for the public interest. This research is normative, and prescriptive, with a regulatory and conceptual approach. The results of the study found that a) the fairness aspect of land acquisition arrangements for the public interest can be seen from the guarantee of adequate compensations stipulated in Law Number 2 of 2012 concerning Land Acquisition for Development for Public Interest, Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation, Indonesian Assessment Standard 204, and other laws and regulations that relating to land acquisition. And b) the mechanism for providing compensation is carried out after the assessment is by the Indonesian Assessment Standard 204, Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation, deliberations, and validation activities are completed. The payment given can be in the form of money in Rupiah as agreed by the Land Acquisition Committee and the community, then it can be given through a bank account appointed by the Government.

Aquifer Recharge and Overexploitation: TheNeed for a New Storyline.

Aquifer Recharge and Overexploitation: TheNeed for a New Storyline.

Buy, borrow, die: how rich live off their paper wealth and avoid paying taxes and why we let them do it?

In 2021, there are reportedly 2,755 billionaires on Earth, with an estimated total net worth of $13.1 trillion. Every year the newspaper Forbes conducts the list of World Billionaires, but we need to acknowledge that, not all billionaires and their wealth gets reported. Usually, the net worth is reported by calculating the number of stocks with the number of shares that the person owns. We take into consideration that the number we see in the newspaper exists only on paper, but the amount of money in the bank account of Billionaire does, not reflect that kind of wealth in any shape and form.Paper wealth differs from “real” or actual wealth, which is the value of the physical assets that are at the disposal of an individual or company. Many individuals and corporations fall victim to the paper wealth trap. On paper, it looks as though the assets logged are worth a certain amount, but the real assets in hand do not add up to the same. In order to assess, the real wealth individual has to realize the asset in the market by selling the asset mentioned below. If the taxpayer sells these assets, it has accumulated capital gains, then the taxpayer is subject to capital gains taxes.By using the tax planning strategy “Buy, Borrow, and Die” the wealthy individual avoids paying the capital gain tax on the assets that they have. This principle suggests buying and holding assets as they appreciate tax-free, as well borrow using the assets as leverage and using debt to reduce or eliminate income and estate taxes, and maximize aftertax wealth accumulation, as well after the taxpayer pass away the heirs, sell the whole wealth is tax-free, and the debt is paid with the tax-free proceeds.

Fulfillment of an Obligation when it is Assigned to a Third Party and to a Group of Bank Accounts: Comparative Characteristics

Since June 1, 2018, a new form of intra-group loan has appeared in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation — groups of bank accounts, when all or some bank accounts of one or more persons (individuals or legal entities) can be combined into one group of accounts. Such a group is established to transfer funds if they are insufficient to the account of one of the group members or if there are insufficient funds on one of the accounts belonging to the group and belonging to one person. The doctrine disputes the need to introduce a group of bank accounts into the legal field due to its alleged fraud and the possibility of its replacement by other legal structures, in particular by assigning the performance of an obligation to a third party. The paper provides a comparative analysis of these two legal structures — imposing performance of an obligation on a third party and on a group of bank accounts. Few common features of these two constructions are investigated — the debtor is not discharged from responsibility for the obligation, and the creditor, as a general rule, is obliged to accept performance. A number of differences have been identified, in more than 10 points, in particular according to the nature of the obligation, formalization of these relations, the subject composition, etc. The author explains the advantages of a group of bank accounts in comparison with the assignment of the obligation to a third party. It is concluded that a group of bank accounts is an independent form of financing for subjects of civil law different from imposing the performance of obligations on a third party.

Exploring the gender gap in mobile money awareness and use: evidence from eight low and middle income countries

ABSTRACT We used three waves of Financial Inclusion Insights surveys (2013–2016) to examine gender gaps in mobile money (MM) awareness and use across eight low- and middle-income countries. After accounting for socio-demographic factors (age, marriage, literacy, education, employment, income, and financial numeracy) and other enabling factors (mobile phone, formal identification, and bank account), we found no independent association between gender and MM use in established MM markets in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. In contrast, in emerging MM markets (Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Pakistan), significant gender differences in MM use remained. Phone and bank account access had stronger associations with MM use for men than for women in these MM markets, and gender gaps in MM use increased over time. Findings suggest realizing the financial inclusion potential of MM may require a more nuanced understanding of difficult-to-measure and slow-to-change factors – such as legal and social norms – constraining women’s MM use.

Pricing and Hedging Index Options under Mean-Variance Criteria in Incomplete Markets

This paper studies the portfolio selection problem where tradable assets are a bank account, and standard put and call options are written on the S&P 500 index in incomplete markets in which there exist bid–ask spreads and finite liquidity. The problem is mathematically formulated as an optimization problem where the variance of the portfolio is perceived as a risk. The task is to find the portfolio which has a satisfactory return but has the minimum variance. The underlying is modeled by a variance gamma process which can explain the extreme price movement of the asset. We also study how the optimized portfolio changes subject to a user’s views of the future asset price. Moreover, the optimization model is extended for asset pricing and hedging. To illustrate the technique, we compute indifference prices for buying and selling six options namely a European call option, a quadratic option, a sine option, a butterfly spread option, a digital option, and a log option, and propose the hedging portfolios, which are the portfolios one needs to hold to minimize risk from selling or buying such options, for all the options. The sensitivity of the price from modeling parameters is also investigated. Our hedging strategies are decent with the symmetry property of the kernel density estimation of the portfolio payout. The payouts of the hedging portfolios are very close to those of the bought or sold options. The results shown in this study are just illustrations of the techniques. The approach can also be used for other derivatives products with known payoffs in other financial markets.

PKM pada Bank sampah wahana bersama dan Rosella di Siantan Tengah Kecamatan Pontianak Utara

Central Siantan is an area that has great potential in waste management business so that it becomes the center of the establishment of the Wahana Bersama (Mitra I) and Rosella (Mitra II) waste banks. The purpose of this PKM program is to accompany the waste bank: (1) get capital (credit application); (2) having a legal entity, (3) having a banking bookkeeping administration system; (4) Apply science and technology to waste collectors. In general, the PKM program targets garbage banks: (1) Having additional capital in providing facilities and payment for scavengers; (2) Having a legal entity (3) Managing the administration system of banking accounting (4) Increasing the amount of diversification of waste products; (5) There is a marketing gallery of waste products. The implementation of this program is carried out in three stages: 1) the preparation phase (survey the target location, coordinate with partners, plan outreach and training materials, divide the team's tasks according to their fields. Schedule agreements with partners; 2) implementation stage , socialization of the provision of facilities / facilities, conducting counseling, assisting the administration of banking bookkeeping), training in diversification of handicraft products from waste waste); and 3) Monetering and Evaluation Phase both internal and external. The implementation of this PKM runs smoothly, although there are obstacles in time adjustments between the team and partners, but can be overcome by implementation in the afternoon or evening or carried out during holidays.

حجية البيانات المحاسبية المصرفية في الإثبات وفقا للقانون الفلسطيني

Many disputes occur between the bank and customers as a result of the implementation of the contracts that bind them. So the bank presents its accounting data as evidence to prove its right or pleaded customer’s claim of his rights. The main subject of the research e is the extent of authenticity of these data, which the bank made. Also the extent of the validity of the condition that banks place in their contracts, which provides for absolute authenticity of the accounting data issued by the bank and its requirement to prevent appeals to these restrictions. The research concludes that the judiciary recognizes the validity of these conditions in the part related to its argument and invalidates it the possibility of appeal. The research follows inductive and analytical approach in order to monitor all the laws that regulate the authenticity of accounting data, which are numerous and dispersed within the Palestinian legal system including Trade Law No. 12 of 1966, Banking Law Resolution No.9 of 2010, and Electronic Transactions Law No.15 of 2017 as well as Evidence Law N.4 of 2001. The research compares between the laws that regulated the subject, especially the French law, which considered these conditions arbitrary. The Palestinian law considers accounting data as evidence by a specific provision which is the sixth paragraph of article 46 in the Banking Law Resolution No. 9 of 2010. The research find out that the Palestinian judiciary is not based on this article in any of its decisions تقع العديد من المنازعات بين البنك والعملاء نتيجة تنفيذ العقود التي تربطهم بها، فيقدم البنك بياناته المحاسبية كدليل لإثبات حقه أو دفع مطالبة العميل بحقوق يدعيها. لقد كان محور البحث الرئيسي يدور حول مدى حجية هذه البيانات التي يصنعها البنك، ومدى صحة الشرط الذي تضعه البنوك في عقودها الذي يقضي بالحجية المطلقة للبيانات المحاسبية الصادرة عنه، واشتراطه منع الطعن بهذه البيانات، لقد توصل البحث إلى أن القضاء يعترف بصحة هذه الشروط في الشق المتعلق بحجيته، ويبطله في الشق المتعلق بعدم إمكانية الطعن فيه. وقد استخدم الباحث المنهج الاستقرائي التحليلي من أجل رصد كل القوانين التي تنظم حجية البيانات المحاسبية، وهي متعددة ومتفرقة في داخل المنظومة القانونية الفلسطينية، ومنها: قانون التجارة الأردني رقم 12 لسنة 1966، والقرار بقانون المتعلق بالمصارف رقم 9 لسنة 2010، وقانون المعاملات الإلكترونية 15 لسنة 2017، بالإضافة إلى قانون البينات رقم 4 لسنة 2001، وتمت المقارنة مع بعض القوانين التي نظمت الموضوع، وخصوصا القانون الفرنسي الذي اعتبر هذه الشروط تعسفية، وأما القانون الفلسطيني فقد اعتبر البيانات المحاسبية حجة في الإثبات بنص خاص، وهي الفقرة السادسة من المادة 46 في القرار بقانون المتعلق بالمصارف رقم 9 لسنة 2010، وتبين أن القضاء الفلسطيني لم يستند إلى هذه المادة في أي من قراراته.

Analisis Akuntabilitas dan Pengelolaan Keuangan Masjid Melalui Pendekatan Fenomenologi Studi Komparatif

This research aims to compare patterns of accountability and financial management of the Mosque through a comparative study phenomenological approach. Type of field research with a qualitative descriptive approach. The analysis technique uses comparative study phenomenology. The results of the study, Al-Mashun Grand Mosque and Medan Great Mosque have not fully implemented the accountability of their financial management, although they do not have a written SOP, but the implementation of management activities follows the laws and traditions of the previous mosque management. The Great Mosque's financial statements are audited by a public accountant every 2 months, while the Al-Mashun Grand Mosque's financial statements have never been audited, but the fairness of the report can be evaluated by Jama'ah exclusively. there is a separation of functions in the Mosque's cash expenditure which is kept in a bank account. The financial management of the Mosque has been transparent with the accessibility of the Mosque report by the Jama'ah.

MODELING THE DEFAULT RISK OF CARD LOANS CONSIDERING INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR CHARACTERISTICS BASED ON BANK ACCOUNT DEPOSIT AND WITHDRAWAL DATA

In general, banks keep management costs for card loans down because the amounts are smaller than those of corporate loans. Therefore, they are not sufficiently managed after the money is lent. This study analyzes the deposit and withdrawal data of bank accounts used by card loan borrowers and proposes a default risk management technique. A previous study analyzed bank account data for screening applicants for card loans, and constructed a model to evaluate default risk. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies that analyze bank account data to determine measures for managing the default risk while lending money with a card loan or construct a management model. In addition to the explanatory variables used in the screening model, we employ some variables observable after lending money that are related to individual behavior characteristics, such as number of borrowings and contract repayment rate, and analyze their relationships with default. We construct a logit model using these variables and examine the model using approximately 60 million observations. The result shows that the accuracy ratios exceed 50%, and the model is effective in practice. We also confirm the robustness of the results through cross-validation and an out-of-sample test.

A Financial Management Platform Based on the Integration of Blockchain and Supply Chain.

Internet of Things (IoT) finance extends financial services to the whole physical commodity society with the help of IoT technology to realize financial automation and intelligence. However, the security of IoT finance still needs to be improved. Blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization, immutability, faster settlement, etc., and has been gradually applied to the field of IoT finance. Blockchain is also considered to be an effective way to resolve the problems of the traditional supply chain finance industry, such as the inability to transmit core enterprise credit, the failure of full-chain business information connections and the difficulty of clearing and settlement. Supply chain finance allows the strongest enterprise in the supply chain to apply for credit guarantee from the bank to obtain bank loans, and use the funds for circulation in the supply chain to ensure that each enterprise in the whole supply chain can obtain working capital to realize profits, so as to maximize common interests. In this paper, a financial management platform based on the integration of blockchain and supply chain has been designed and implemented. Blockchain is used to integrate supply chain finance to synchronize the bank account payment system, realize the automatic flow of funds, process supervision and automatically settle account periods based on smart contracts. The four functional modules of the system are designed using unified modeling language (UML), and the model view controller (MVC) architecture is selected as the main architecture of the system. The results of the system test show that the proposed platform can effectively improve the system security, and can use the information in the blockchain to provide multi-level financing services for enterprises in supply chain finance.