Bank Transfer Research Articles

Сучасний стан розвитку міжнародних грошових переказів в Україні

The development of international bank transfers and mobile applications in Ukraine is considered. The essence of bank transfer, types and participants of the transfer process are defined. The tendency of development of money transfers in Ukraine, where international transfer systems are used both within the country and for receiving funds from abroad, is analyzed. The largest amounts of funds received in the country through international systems from foreign countries are identified. According to the research results, the most popular transfer systems most often used in Ukraine have been allocated as follows: SWIFT, IntelExpress, Western Union, MoneyGram, RIA MoneyTransfer. Among the cross-border transfers received in Ukraine we distinguish the following: remuneration of workers, which includes incomes of migrant workers working abroad for up to one year; «private transfers», which include transactions between resident and non-resident households. Recently, according to the results of statistical reporting on the analysis of private remittances, an increase in their volumes has been noted. The dynamics of volumes of private remittances in Ukraine by major countries is provided, which indicates an increase in their number over the past few years. The support of consumers of banking services in the direction of international bank transfers in wartime conditions in Ukraine is examined. Among them: support for international systems by canceling or reducing transfer fees; the emergence of new services. It is noted that the banking services market is sensitive to innovation processes, especially those related to the introduction of information technologies. Among such technologies, mobile applications for transferring money, which are extremely popular today, are allocated and studied. Based on the main criteria of Monito company, a digital startup whose mission is to help by saving on fees and exchange rates when making money transfers, the best mobile money transfer apps are considered. The rating of the best modern mobile applications for transferring funds is provided.

Academic Payment Tokenization: An Online Payment System for Academia Utilizing Non-Fungible Tokens and Permissionless Blockchain

Nowadays, traditional payment methods such as cash, cheques, credit/debit cards, and bank transfers are commonly used for financial transactions across a wide range of industries, including healthcare, real estate, supply chain, gaming, music, finance, retail, agriculture, tourism, pharmaceuticals, and the education sector too. However, these methods often involve transaction fees, potential delays, and security concerns. These methods lack transparency and traceability features, making tracking, authenticating, and verifying payments and their associated records difficult. To overcome these issues, we propose a Non-Fungible Token (NFT) based online payment system that leverages blockchain technology (BT) features and security to revolutionize financial expenses in the education sector. We also present wallet generation, fee tokenization and NFT generation processes. These processes utilize Ethereum and an interplanetary file system (IPFS) to store metadata information associated with fee payment details securely. We use Remix IDE, MetaMask wallet, and Sepolia test network to deploy and analyze the proposed system's results. We have also used the JMeter simulation toolkit to conduct comprehensive experiments to evaluate the performance of the proposed system in terms of throughput, latency, and response time. Our assessment identifies the increase in performance parameters with the number of users. This initiative will positively contribute towards addressing the issues of financial transactions in the education sector.

The Assessment of Sanctions against Russia on the Bank Transfers and Business Transfers between Azerbaijan and Russia

The Assessment of Sanctions against Russia on the Bank Transfers and Business Transfers between Azerbaijan and Russia

Sistem Informasi E-Commerce Excelsa Coffee Shop Berbasis Web


 Excelsa Coffee Shop is one of the businesses engaged in culinary in the form of a cafe located in Dumai. In the sales process so far at Excelsa Coffee Shop, it is done manually / offline by directly coming to the store. The problem that occurs from the manual system is the absence of sales reports per day or per month, a service system that still relies on a manual system is also not much profitable in sales because it depends on customers who buy directly from the store so that the sales process and results are less efficient. Therefore, a computerized system is needed to help the sales process and record sales results online, namely, E-commerce.E-commerce is an online-based sales system that is used to view and buy products through the website, by first having an account by registering, after having an account customers can check out and make payments via bank transfer or cash on delivery (COD).

Marketing Research and Performance of Money Deposit Banks in South East, Nigeria

In Nigeria the present bank situation is frustrating as customers sometimes suffer poor service delivery such as delayed cash withdrawal, failed bank transfers and hanging cash deposit alerts. In view of this, this study determined the relationship between marketing research and performance of Money Deposit Banks by ascertaining the extent of relationship between problem identification research and business advantage and the degree to which product review research relates with customer satisfaction of Money Deposit Banks in South East, Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was adopted and Taro Yamane formula was used to determine a sample of 162 out of a total population of 273 while structured questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents. The hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient with the aid of Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 29). Findings revealed positive relationship between marketing research and performance of Money Deposit Banks in South East, Nigeria. There is positive relationship between problem identification research and business advantage. Results also revealed positive relationship between product review research and customer satisfaction. The study concluded that the relationship between marketing research and performance of Money Deposit Banks is dependent on the adoption of problem identification research and product review research. Therefore, the study recommended that marketing manager should always adopt proactive measures towards the market. This can be achieved by constant review of market trends and customer’s behaviour.

Особливості обліку розрахунків у сфері е-комерції віртуальними активами (криптовалютою): міжнародний та вітчизняний досвід

Over the past few years, the term «cryptocurrency» has firmly entered the public consciousness. Virtual assets are gaining popularity because of their main advantages: availability, anonymity, the ability to make quick money, etc. Cryptocurrency is a code in a large book called «blockchain». Owing to the fact that the technology of «blockchain» is inherently similar to an accounting book, the world’s leading scientists are studying the issue of its implementation in the accounting system. This would allow to record each transaction automatically, reduce the cost and increase the speed of transactions. The article discusses the issue of accounting for settlements in the field of e-commerce using speculative assets. The regulatory framework for taxation of transactions with cryptocurrencies in Ukraine is analyzed. Several approaches to accounting for transactions with risky assets in Ukraine are proposed. The results of the study provide a detailed assessment of the situation in the international trade market and the state of development of settlements using cryptocurrencies, highlights the problematic aspects of normative regulation and accounting for transactions with risky assets in Ukraine and over the world. The field of e-commerce includes all transactions carried out via the Internet. This is indeed doing business online, i. e., by means of websites, social networks or mobile applications. The introduction of a method of making payments with cryptocurrency will greatly simplify the processing of transactions. This payment in digital currency is delivered anywhere in the world, regardless of the place of departure without intermediaries. At this, the cost of the transaction, or the payment fee, is much lower than with a regular bank transfer. The cryptocurrency market is currently quite volatile, classifying transactions with digital assets as «high-risk». The introduction of cryptocurrencies as a full-fledged means of payment is impossible without market regulation by financial institutions. Until that happens, commodity prices in cryptocurrency can fluctuate up to 25% compared to the previous day. Trading under such price conditions is impossible. However, a type of cryptocurrency such as «stablecoins» is protected from market fluctuations, since their pricing principle is based on the exchange rate of the real currency. For example, the USDT stablecoin is pegged to the US dollar, so its value changes along with the value of the real currency. In this case, an electronic currency such as USDT can be considered a means of payment and used in e-commerce.

Penerapan API (Application Programming Interface) MIDTRANS Sebagai Payment Gateway Pada Indekos Berbasis Website

In the Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI), boarding house is staying at someone else's house with or without food (by paying monthly). The emergence of new technologies in the industrial revolution will fundamentally change the way people work and live. In the industrial era 4.0, internet technology facilitates communication between humans and humans with machines that are no longer limited by space and time. One technology that is a key aspect of competitiveness in the industrial era 4.0, namely financial technology (fintech), especially in the online payment gateway sector (payment gateway) which, if applied to the boarding house business, will be very helpful in making the rental payment process more efficient and practical. compared to conventional payments. The research methodology used in implementing the Midtrans API (Application Programming Interface) as a Payment Gateway in this website-based boarding house is the waterfall method. In this methodology, several steps are taken to build software, namely: Analysis, Design, Coding, Testing and Maintenance. Testing this website using Blackbox testing. As a result of implementing a payment gateway using the Midtrans API, now boarding house payments can be made online via bank transfer or e-wallet in real time without the need to confirm payments manually again.

An Islamic Law Perspective on the Concept of Shopeepaylater

Technology in this era has developed very rapidly. There are many applications that were created to facilitate human activities. One of them is the emergence of e-commerce that can make it easier for anyone who wants to shop, but is lazy to leave the house. All needs ranging from clothes, food, skincare, bags, food, home furnishings, gadgets, books and many more are available there. All of that is easily obtained in just a matter of minutes or even seconds. By online shopping, it will save energy and time. Only by purchasing goods via smartphone, then waiting for them to arrive at home. One of the e-commerce that is widely used by the public is Shopee application. The more Shopee users, the more Shopee wants to provide all the convenience of facilities and attractive promos every month. The previous payment method could only be via COD (Cash on Delivery), minimarkets, bank transfers and shopeepay. Now you can make payments on credit. The credit concept or ShopeePayLater offered by Shopee by allowing its users to make purchases of goods without having to wait for the money. If there is an urgent to buy goods using ShopeePayLater, then Shopee will lend funds which will then be paid in the following month according to mutual agreement. However, behind all the benefits offered to ShopeePayLater users. There are still many who have doubts about the law because for every transaction, Shopee provides additional handling fees and interest rates. The interest rate referred here clearly includes usury and it is strictly prohibited according to Islamic law.

ANALISIS KEGUNAAN UANG KAS DALAM KELANCARAN AKTIVITAS PERUSAHAAN

Types of receipts at hotels can be divided into cash receipts and receivables where guests who come can come from individuals and companies. Cash payments can also be through bank transfers from a savings account or through a credit card. The continuity of the hotel business is very dependent on the smooth reception of all guests. The challenge occurs when the receivables are due but there is no repayment

Secure banking and international trade digitization using blockchain

Traditional trade processes suffer from a great number of issues about intermediaries, information latency and trust, which, in turn, hinder overall process efficiency. The emerging blockchain technology may have potentials to mitigate those issues by revolutionizing business processes across enterprise borders in various industries. The security of smart contract technology and anti-money-laundering is utilized in tandem to combat the flaws of traditional banking. By decentralizing we can circumvent some of its defects, and achieve autonomous, fast and safe foreign goods trade. The purpose of this paper is to examine the current obstacles in letter of credit and bank transfers related to the imported foreign goods, and suggest a solution using the blockchain technology. Comparative analysis and feasibility study were conducted to identify and validate the prospects, in terms of facilitating process flow and enhancing overall trade performance, of the proposed blockchain-based international trade process model. This study contributes to the conceptual design of a blockchain- and smart-contract based process along with a provision of practical case in business process re-engineering. Further endeavors devoted to blockchain research and application across different sectors are suggested to reach better performance of business process operations.

Mangosteen Agribusiness Partnership In PT. Radja Manggis Sejati, Padangan Village, Tabanan Regency

One of the agricultural sub-sectors that apply the mangosteen commodity partnership pattern in Bali is STA Sari Buah with PT Radja Manggis Sejati in Padangan Village, Pupuan District, Tabanan Regency. The development of partnerships can help farmers and business actors in increasing the growth of horticultural agribusiness, especially in the mangosteen commodity. The marketing partnership pattern for the mangosteen commodity is based on a written agreement, but the marketing contract is made between suppliers and farmer groups with exporter companies. Responsibilities of partner groups, namely: taking an inventory of group members and mangosteen trees, cultivating mangosteen properly, collecting mangosteen from farmers, sorting and grading with partner company officers, selling mangosteen to partner companies, and repaying capital loans by deducting from the proceeds of mangosteen sales. . The rights of partner group members are to obtain loans, to be able to supply mangosteen to partner companies, to obtain prices according to the prevailing market prices, to receive payments by bank transfer as soon as the goods are received by the partner companies, and to receive a fee for each kilogram of mangosteen deposited.

Cryptography and law: The case of Brazil

In a digitalised environment under conditions of reduced limits and boundaries between physical and virtual worlds, people’s daily activities increasingly migrate to cyberspace. For this reason, legal issues relating to encryption, deciphering and codebreaking become increasingly topical. Due to the increased vulnerability of a wide range of people to exploitation, digitalisation implies an urgent need to develop measures for preserving privacy in digital life. Increasing vulnerabilities experienced in the social environment due to the Internet and network interactions can be attributed to the erasure of boundaries between people, which is facilitated by access to their data. In terms of providing general protection to online users, digital contracts, routine bank transfers and communications serve as an example. Cryptography, which allows the encoding of a message in an unintelligible format for those who do not have the appropriate key, represents one of the safest techniques for securely transmitting information online. In order to examine the relations between law and cryptology, the present work analyses Brazilian legal acts governing cryptography. Here, as well as defining cryptography, the main objective is to determine its main aspects and key features in order to examine the main legal issues and pecularities of legal regulation. It concludes that cryptography, as a mean to protect privacy on the Internet, does not exclude the necessity of law, but, on the contrary, legal regulation is essential to provide legal certainty to the cryptographic techniques.

ANALISIS RANTAI PASOK PADA KOMODITAS KOPRA DI DESA LOWIAN KECAMATAN MAESAAN KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN

The study aims to identify supply chains based on product flow, information flow, financial flow and analyze the level of marketing efficiency in the copra commodity supply chain. This research was carried out for three months, from August to October 2021, which took place in Lowian Village, Maesaan District, South Minahasa Regency. This study uses primary data and secondary data. The population in this study were all coconut farmers and copra collectors. Sampling using a simple random sampling method (simple random sampling) obtained 50 farmers from a population of 248 farmers and 3 traders collectors. The results showed that the supply chain in Lowian Village was based on product flow from upstream to downstream starting from copra farmers, collectors, and copra processing factories. The flow of information flows from two directions, namely the first direction the factory provides information to traders about the quality and price of copra needed then traders provide price information to farmers, the second direction is farmers provide information to traders about the quality of copra sold then traders will inform the factory about the volume marketing of copra to be sold. As for the financial flows from downstream to upstream, starting from factories that buy copra from collecting traders via bank transfer, then collecting traders buy copra from farmers with a cash payment system. The level of marketing efficiency in the copra supply chain seen from the total marketing margin, marketing costs and profits has been efficient.

Hoping Of Zakat Reinforcing Philanthropy In Indonesia

Indonesia is the most generous country by donating unknown people, money donations, and volunteer activities based on the World Giving Index by the Muslim majority population, contributing to the poor's socioeconomic, welfare, and empowerment. Zakat is a philanthropic activity with great potential and utilization, but there is a gap between its revenue potential and its realization. This research aims to describe the hope that zakat will strengthen philanthropy in Indonesia. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach and reports from zakat institution's secondary data sources. The results showed 81 amil zakat institutions and 491 zakat bureaus as zakat collection institutions increased in zakat collection by 26%, consisting of zakat fitrah, zakat mal income, zakat institutions, and individual zakat as 5.1 million people and corporate zakat as 36,000. Zakat through e-zakat or bank transfers and e-payments reached 93% during the Covid-19 pandemic. Zakat gives excellent hope to society's welfare through government and stakeholder regulations that can reduce the level of poverty. Zakat IDR 10.2 trillion gives hope to 23 million people and frees 15759 from the poverty line with better distribution effectiveness; the philanthropic hope of strengthening zakat in Indonesia has provided benefits and community welfare.

Article: Split Payment Mechanism as a VAT Collection Method: Evidence from Poland

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the activity of states and international organizations (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), EU) when it comes to solutions that prevent tax frauds and limit tax evasion. The split payment is one of the mechanisms in the field of value added tax. In the European Union, this solution is still used to an extremely limited extent, in only a few Member States. This article analyses the effects of a big-scale implementation of the Split Payment Mechanism in Poland from the perspective of application of tax principles (primarily in the form of reducing the Value Added Tax (VAT) gap) as well as the compliance costs to this model of settling the value added tax. The aim of this article is to ascertain whether the split payment (SP) Mechanism is an effective tool to counteract VAT fraud and whether it can be recommended as a systemic tax solution in the European Union. EU VAT system, split payment, VAT Collection, Tax gap, VAT fraud, Poland, European Commission, bank transfers, VAT account, financial liquidity.

ON AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF ANOMALIES IN ELECTROCARDIOGRAMMS WITH GENERATIVE MACHINE LEARNING

Anomaly detection is an important area of application of artificial intelligence in various areas of large data analysis, such as computer system security, fraud detection in bank transfers, reliability of computer vision systems and others. The detection of anomalies is also a key task of the analysis of biomedical information, since the violation of the stability of the recognition systems of dangerous diseases based on the analysis of biomedical signals and MRI, CT images, for example, can lead to erroneous diagnosis of patients. One of the main problems in machine learning and data analysis tasks is their correct labeling. In the task of detecting anomalies, its implementation is almost impossible due to both the unpredictability and the variety of their occurrence. Therefore, one of the actual approaches to solving the problem is the use of unsupervised machine learning methods, since in this case preliminary labeling of the data into abnormal and normal data is not required. There are popular methods for solving the problem of anomaly detection, which include the isolated forest algorithm, methods of nonparametric statistics, cluster analysis, and others. However, at the present stage of development of data analysis methods, machine learning and deep learning methods are becoming more and more effective. In this paper, a generative machine learning approach is proposed for anomalies detection. For this purpose, models of autoencoders have been developed, which are representatives of unsupervised deep learning methods. The autoencoder model consists of an encoder, a hidden layer of input data representation (latent representation), and a decoder. High-dimensional input data are transformed by the encoder into hidden representations of low-dimensional source data. The dimension of the hidden representations is smaller than the incoming source data. The task of the decoder is to recover the input data. The autoencoder accepts high-dimensional input data, compresses it to a representation in the space of a hidden layer. The decoder then takes the hidden representation of the data as input to restore the original input data. At the output, the autoencoder represents the recovered image or signal. Computational experiments were carried out to test the proposed method for detecting anomalies on a set of electrocardiograms of patients with various heart diseases. The data set under study was created and balanced in such a way that it represents 5000 electrocardiogram records, of which the proportion of normal signals is 58 %, the proportion of abnormal signals is 42 %. Each line corresponds to one complete ECG record of the patient. To detect abnormal ECG signals an autoencoder model based on deep neural networks is proposed. The autoencoder model is implemented in the Python programming language using the Keras framework [10]. The encoder consists of 5 fully connected layers Dense(128), Dense(64), Dense(32), Dense(16), Dense(8) with the activation function ReLU each. The decoder consists of five fully connected layers of Dense(8), Dense(16), Dense(32), Dense(64), Dense(128) with ReLU activation function and one fully connected layer of Dense(140) with sigmoid activation function ‘sigmoid'. The loss function during signal reconstruction is given by the RMS error between the original image and the image processed by the neural network. The Adam optimization method, the MAE loss function were used during training, the learning rate was 1E-04. A total of 500 epochs of model training were conducted, the parameter batch_size=32. To compare the results obtained in the work with other methods, such popular machine learning methods as SVM, logistic regression and LGBM were used. For the LGBM method, the anomaly detection accuracy was 81.4 %, for SVM – 78.47 %, which allowed us to assert the advantages of the proposed autoencoder model.

Jual Beli Online Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam Pada Mahasiswa FEBI UNZAH

The purpose of this study is to find out how the practice of buying and selling online conducted by students of the Faculty of Islamic economics and business at UNZAH and to find out the practice of buying and selling online in an Islamic perspective. The research method used in this study is descriptive qualitative method with Case Study approach. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis method in this study by reducing the data, after that present the data and draw conclusions of the data. The results showed that the practice of online buying and selling carried out by unzah students occurred in the first two ways the transaction mechanism which means the first step of the buyer to order goods and after that there is an online payment transaction also with several payment systems, among others by using bank transfer, credit card, paypal, e-wallet and can also be with the COD system. Online buying and selling carried out by online sellers Islamic Economic Perspective is in accordance with the transaction according to Islamic law, among others, the product/item sold must also be halal and quality, clarity of the status of the item is personal property or person, second hand and quality as well. Price compliance with the quality of the goods must also be guaranteed so that buyers do not feel disappointed. Honesty in buying and selling online should also be applied especially issues related to the level of trust between both parties.

Main directions of cash flow improvement in Ukraine (with taking into account foreign experience)

Introduction. The main problems of cashless circulation in Ukraine are the problems of replacing or withdrawing some monetary marks from it and moving to a new (delegated) model of its organization. In solving these problems, the key role belongs to the National Bank of Ukraine. When deciding them, it is important that all participants in monetary circulation rely on foreign experience and existing scientific developments. The purpose of the paper is to study the current state of cashless circulation of Ukraine, identify the most significant problems and determine specific measures to improve cash payments and transition to the modern model of its organization. Results. The paper analyzes the main reasons for the replacement or withdrawal of cash: devaluation of the national currency; change in the scale of prices, which causes the denomination of the currency; the need to optimize the banknote-coin range of the national currency, as well as the structure of cash in circulation; economic expediency of issuing coins instead of banknotes of small denominations; insufficient protection of monetary marks from forgery; physical wear and damage to banknotes; orientation of financiers to large-scale banknotes; the risk of viral infection of people through cash; expansion of electronic money; transition to the use of plastic money; withdrawal from circulation of the Russian ruble in the territories occupied by Russia. In the modern period, in many countries, including Ukraine, it is necessary to switch from a partially controlled model of organization of cash flow to a delegated model. The essence of this model is that the central bank transfers on the terms of outsourcing some of the functions that it currently performs in the regions, other market participants – banks and companies Cash-in-Transit (SIT-companies). Conclusion. To improve cash flow in Ukraine, first of all, it is necessary to adhere to the inflation target of up to 5 %, consider the possibility of hryvnia denomination, complete the ordering of its banknote and coin series, and increase the security of large denomination banknotes. And the introduction of the delegated cash flow model should contribute not only to reducing costs for it, but also to the development of a competitive market for cash collection services.

Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Penjualan Toko Eight Point Store Berbasis Website

E-commerce can be interpreted as a way of using internet facilities for online shopping or trade or direct sales, where a website can provide "get and deliver" services. E-commerce is a very effective way of marketing products or services at this time, which requires business actors to provide convenience to consumers. The convenience that can be enjoyed by consumers, such as buyers can use mobile devices to view products, access merchandise, store information, order, and pay while traveling or anywhere. Not only that, the existence of a website will be able to expand the reach of marketing, so a web-based application is needed to support the process of marketing and order products. By having your e-commerce website, shops can build their business brand, then they can increase the credibility of the business and look more bona fide, consumers can easily get the latest information, can always be accessed, have a wider target market, provide a place to show products, customers will focus on the product offered. In this research, in designing and building an application using the Waterfall model SDLC method. In the Waterfall stage it flows by completing one stage and then moving to the next stage such as a Waterfall, this stage sequentially starts from the analysis, design, implementation, testing, distribution, and support stages. This website has features for purchasing products by paying via bank transfer, and the admin section can manage product data and print sales reports in a day, month, and year format. Using the Black box results from research on the Eight point store Shop Sales Information System Website can perform functions according to its purpose.

Composition Characteristics of an Urban Forest Soil Seed Bank and Its Influence on Vegetation Restoration: A Case Study in Dadu Terrace, Central Taiwan

The contributions of urban forests and green spaces to sustainable development have been confirmed. Meanwhile, cities worldwide have shown that investments in urban forestry can greatly contribute to citizens’ quality of life. This study was conducted in urban forests in the Dadu Terrace of Taichung City, central Taiwan, which were frequently disturbed by fires and had grassland severely invaded by Panicum maximum after the forest degraded. We sampled 46 plots in Dadu Terrace to understand the relationship between the soil seed bank and vegetation as well as to evaluate the feasibility of applying soil seed bank transfers for ecological restoration in Dadu Terrace. The grassland was dominated by Panicum maximum. Forest vegetation was distinguished by cluster analysis into five types, i.e., Ficus microcarpa type, Acacia confusa type, Litsea glutinosa type, Cinnamomum camphora type, and Trema orientalis type. In the aboveground survey, we recorded 141 vascular plants, including 129 seed plants and 12 ferns. There were 40 identified species of naturalized plants. A total of 29,914 seedlings were recorded in the soil seed bank, with an average seed density of 9634 seeds/m2 and a total of 91 species. There were 40 species of naturalized plants, accounting for 90.9% of the total seed reserves. This showed that Dadu Terrace was severely affected by the invasion of naturalized species. The species number and seed reserves of woody plants of the Panicum maximum type were significantly lower than those of forest vegetation. The composition of the soil seed bank was dominated by naturalized plants, indicating that the high frequency of fire reduced the proportion of native species and woody plants in the soil seed bank. Acacia confusa type was the main forest type in Dadu Terrace. Although several woody species and seed reserves were in its soil seed bank, the naturalized proportions were even higher. Trema orientalis type was the secondary forest type in Dadu Terrace; it had the smallest forest area. However, it was the only vegetation type with a greater tree seed abundance than herbs and the lowest proportion of naturalized seed abundance. Trema orientalis type vegetation has a relatively high soil transfer value for ecological restoration but lacks diversity. Our results revealed that the characteristics of the soil seed bank of Dadu Terrace make it challenging to restore the grassland to the forest by natural succession. Therefore, we suggest that artificial restoration is necessary for Dadu Terrace.