Bank Plc Research Articles

Effects of e-marketing on customers patronage of commercial banks, a study of Guaranty Trust Holding Company PLC, Lagos

This study examined the effects of E-marketing on customers’ patronage of commercial banks a study of Guaranty Trust Bank (GTBank) PLC, Lagos. The study adopted quantitative research design and the sources of data for this study were purely primary and secondary and a sample size of 385 customers of GTBank Plc, in Akoka area of Yaba Local Government, Lagos state were selected through a convenience sampling technique. The data were analyzed and descriptive statistics (mean and median), regression analysis and analysis of variance were used to provide answers to the research questions and test hypotheses. The study revealed that there is a direct nexus between the use of internet banking, and increase in customer patronage of GTBank, Plc, Lagos. Furthermore, a positive relationship was established between the use of USSD codes and quick service delivery of GTBank, Plc, Lagos. The study therefore conclude that E-marketing influences customers’ patronage of GTBank PLC, Lagos and it was recommended that GTBank PLC, Lagos should continue the utilization of its E-marketing components (i.e. Internet banking, and USSD codes) as this assist in serving their customers better through quick service delivery and also increases the utility enjoyed which encourage frequent patronage. Future researchers can make research on same topic but increasing the scope to other commercial banks in Nigeria for better comparison.

Examination of ‘Fugaz’ International Banks’ Performance Efficiency in Nigeria: A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach

The aim of this paper is to assess the relative performance efficiency of leading international banks listed in Nigerian exchange ltd using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique. The selection of inputs and outputs plays a key role when applying DEA for assessing the efficiency of decision –making units (DMUs). In the conducted research inputs and outputs were selected. the sample consisted of five (5) international banks (viz. First Bank Holding Plc, United Bank of Africa Plc, Guarantee Trust Bank Plc, Access Bank Plc and Zenith Bank Plc, popularly known as “FUGAZ” international banks the five biggest banks by capital based listed in Nigerian Exchange Limited and the period that is being observed is five year span from 2017 to 2021. According to the average efficiency score for the whole observed period, all the FUGAZ are relatively efficient international banks and the average overall efficiency score is 94%. Technical inefficiency was the major source of inefficiency which calls for managerial development in order to scale up the efficiency levels in the area of interest income, interest received from loans and advances, interest expense and interest paid on customers’ deposit. The average inefficiency of the FUGAZ international banks under the constant returns to scale to scale model could be attributed to the excess of customers deposits on the balance sheets of the banks and the need for the FUGAZ banks to step up efforts in area of reducing interest expense impairment loss on the financial assets and other financial assets, depreciation charges, amortization charge, fees and commission expense and administration and operating expenses

Influence of Service Quality on Customer Switching Behaviour in Commercial Banks of Tanzania: Evidence from Selected Commercial Banks in Dar es Salaam

Intense competition causes Tanzanian banks to experience the threat of customer switching. Customers are sensitive to quality in their access to and use of banking services; hence, they are prone to switching to other banks since the services offered are similar. This study assesses how service quality influences customer switching behaviour among commercial banks in Dar es Salaam. The data constitute 400 randomly sampled customers at NBC Bank Ltd, TPB Bank Plc and NMB Bank Plc, collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using multiple regression analysis. The main findings are that customers’ switching behaviour is significantly influenced by service reliability, assurance, tangibility and empathy, whereas responsiveness was found to be insignificant. These findings may help policymakers and commercial bank institutions in understanding the dimensions of service quality that may influence customer switching behaviour for the successful enhancement of quality services of the banks.

The Effect of Job Satisfaction on Staff Retention and Attrition at GCB Bank PLC in Upper East Region of Ghana

The research aimed to assess the link among bank employees using the GCB Bank for the study of job satisfaction and employee attrition. The study employed case study of the quantitative approach. Out of the 325, simple random sampling was adopted to select 130 employees of GCB in Upper East. Questionnaire was the main data collection instrument used. The data gathered were analysed using frequencies, percentages means, and standard deviations as well Pearson correlation and regression. The study found that job satisfaction affects retention of employees. When any component of job satisfaction is troubled, it will directly affect the employee turnover. Employee satisfaction can positively impact the organization as it increases employee productivity, performance, quality of work, profits, commitment to the organization and reduces turnover and absenteeism. Therefore, the study recommended that employers engage in practices that support good working relationships and benefits; job satisfaction improves because workers tend to believe that the company is using their skills, appreciating their service and commitment. In turn, higher job satisfaction generally results in higher levels of employee retention. Also, management should always provide an enabling environment that protects the health and safety of employees and minimizes stress. Incorporate a climate of trust by being honest with employees, treating them fairly, justly and consistently, keeping its words, and showing willingness to listen to the comments and suggestions made by employees during processes of consultation and participation.

Capacity Building and Employee Performance of Quoted Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria

The study aimed at investigating the association between capacity building and employee performance of quoted deposit money banks (QDMBs), Nigeria. A survey research design was employed for the study while three (3) most valued banks in Nigeria 2021 (Guarantee Trust Bank Plc, Fidelity Bank Plc, and First Bank Plc) in Nigeria were selected. The collection of data was done via a structured questionnaire and simple frequency tables and the arithmetic mean was used to analyze the data. The formulated hypotheses were tested using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS version 23). The study revealed that there is a major association between capacity building and employee performance by indicating a relationship between technical capacity and task accomplishment; there is also a significant relationship between adaptive capacity and employee effectiveness. The study concluded that capacity building contributes to employee performance in QDMBs. The study also deduced that employees with high adaptive capacity can function in any changing situation. The study recommended that there is a need for bank management to adopt continuous leadership development programs to equip organizational leadership with the right leadership skill through quality decisions as well as compel employee commitment.

Ohlson's Model as a Tool to Predict Performance: A Comparative Study between Commercial Bank of Ceylon PLC and Banking Industry

The Banking Industry provides a substantial contribution to the Sri Lankan economy. This research aims to compare the forecast performance indicators of the Commercial Bank of Ceylon PLC with the Banking industry. The researcher has selected the Commercial Bank of Ceylon PLC as a sample since it is ranked 1st in the Banking Sector on Colombo Stock Exchange and the only Sri Lankan bank to be ranked for the 10th consecutive year by "The Banker". In this study, the researcher has used statistical software named R to analyze the data considering Profitability, Liquidity, and Capital Adequacy indicators. Data has been gathered over ten years from 2009 to 2018, and the predictions were made adopting Ohlson's Forecasting Model for the subsequent years 2019 and 2020. The Commercial Bank PLC is on track with the industry norms except in areas, especially Net Interest Margin, Liquidity, and Core Capital Ratio, where significant improvements are needed to bring their performance on track, the findings reveal. The Ohlson model's robustness was tested using Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). It confirms that the model best fits the two variables used in the study named Core Capital Ratio and Total Capital Ratio.

Effect of Interest Rates on Banks Profitability: The Case of GCB Bank PLC

The study was to examine the impact of change of interest rate on banks profitability. Specifically, it sought to identify the relationship between the change of interest rate and banks profitability for the period 2008-2019; and to determine the effect of change of interest rate on banks profitability for the period 2008-2019. The study was an explanatory research design of quantitative approach that extracted data from the Annual Financial Reports of GCB Bank Plc on Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE) and Bank Size of GCB, and the Monetory Interest Rates by the Bank of Ghana from 2008 to 2019. Both descriptive statistics such as freqauencies, means and standard deviation as well as inferencial statistics such as multiple regression were used in the data analysis. Overall, this study concluded that the Change of Interest Rate (CIR) have significant effect on Banks Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE), and by extension affective banks profitability. It was established that yearly interest rates of Ghana, as reported by the BoG on monthly basis have seen some fluctuation over the last 12 years. The highest positive change in percentage of 23.21 was recorded in 2015, whereas 2018 recorded the highest negative change of -20.22, and 2012 recorded no change change. Also, there was significant relationships between the Change of Interest Rate (CIR) and Banks Profitability, specifically Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE) and Bank Size.

Digital Marketing and Performance of Banks in Port Harcourt

The study examined digital marketing and performance of selected banks in Port Harcourt. A descriptive survey research design was used for the study. The study adopted structure questionnaire instrument for data collection with a judgmental sampling method targeted on three money deposit banks which include, First Bank Plc, Access Bank Plc and First City Monument Banks in Port Harcourt. The sample size was 30 and 10 respondents were selected from the three banks and the unit of analysis are customers, managers, internal control managers and general managers. Data collected were analyzed with Pearson product moment correlation (PPMC) and simple regression analysis statistical tools at 0.05 percent level of significance. The result showed that there is a significant relationship between content marketing, social media marketing, etc. and customer patronage of selected banks in Port Harcourt. The study recommended among others that customer care service unit should create a friendly relationship with their customers.

The relational effects of perceived leadership 4.0, workplace ostracism, and innovative work behavior on organizational performance in the fourth industrial revolution (4IR)

This study evaluates the correlational effects of perceived leadership 4.0, workplace ostracism, innovative work behavior, and organizational performance within work organizations. The sample for this investigation was extracted from ten (10) organizations in Oyo and Lagos States, Nigeria. They are organizations from Nigeria’s service, financial, and manufacturing industries. Guarantee Trust Bank Plc, FullRange Microfinance Bank Limited, First Bank Plc, Evans industries Limited, Nestlé Nigeria Plc, Friesland Campina Nigeria Plc, IBFC Alliance Limited, United Bank for Africa Plc, DHL Courier Service, and Martyns Consulting Limited. This investigation has adopted a cross-sectional survey method, where the current scholar randomly distributed the study’s questionnaires. Nonetheless, from the 500 questionnaires floated, 478 were suitable for investigation and analyzed with a Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS version 27). This investigation noted a significant correlation between Leadership 4.0, workplace ostracism, innovative work behavior, and organizational performance. It further stated the significant joint influence of Leadership 4.0, workplace ostracism, innovative work behavior on organizational performance within Nigeria’s work organizations in the 4IR. Managers and leaders of work organizations are encouraged to investigate and adopt the most suitable leadership styles (for instance, Leadership 4.0) for the diverse situations and challenges, presented by the 4IR. They should also consistently encourage workplace support, using further employee/workplace family support in job-sharing programs. Besides, they should promote innovative management practices, as they are essential in overcoming the challenges, posed by the 4IR.

A Review of Network Security Strategies Employed By the Nigerian Banking Sector (Case Study of Access Bank PLC, Bariga, Lagos, Nigeria)

The security of banking infrastructures viz-a-viz customer funds, investments and deposits are Germaine to successful banking operations. This study reviews computer and network security strategies employed in the banking sector using Access Bank Nigeria PLC, Bariga Branch in Lagos state. Our efforts discovered that some of the strategies put in place to mitigate cyber-attacks include the use of passwords, antivirus, firewalls, encryption, intrusion detection systems and intrusion prevention systems. We posited that the deployment, adoption and utilization of the integrated banking systems used by Nigerian banks provides a certain layer of security that aids banking systems security thus mitigating attacks and ensuring that Nigerian banks rarely experience malicious attacks of any form on their systems. We elucidated some of these strategies and provide insights into their effectiveness. Keywords: Computer Security, Network, Intrusion Detection, Intrusion Prevention System, banking Journal Reference Format: Sarumi, J.a. & Omotosho, O.M. (2022): A Review of Network Security Strategies Employed By the Nigerian Banking Sector (Case Study of Access Bank PLC, Bariga, Lagos, Nigeria). Social Informatics, Business, Politics, L:aw, Environmental Sciences & Technology Journal. Vol. 8, No. 1 Pp 1-10 Article DOI No - dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/SIJ/V8N1P1. www.isteams/socialinformaticsjournal

Determinants of Islamic Bank Performance: An Assessment of Jaiz Bank Plc Nigeria

The paper assessed whether the bank-specific factors (internal) and economic (external factors) determine the financial performance of Jaiz bank Nigeria as an Islamic bank. Secondary data from the bank’s financial statements and world banks Development indicators were extracted for the period of 8 years (2011 to 2018). After description analysis, OLS regression was utilized to determine the effect of independent variables (GDP, Inflation, Interest, capital adequacy, credit risk, deposit ratio, and cost efficiency) have on the dependent variables (ROA, ROE, and ROI) financial performance. It was established that; GDP as an external factor has a significant positive association with financial performance, cost efficiency was discovered to have a weak positive relationship with the financial performance, while inflation rate, interest rate, capital adequacy, deposit ratio, and credit risk were found to have no significant effect on the bank’s financial performance. It was recommended that; Islamic banks need to give more consideration to the economic factors in their policies and programs as they may influence their profitability. More studies are also needed to compare the determinants of Islamic banks with that of Money Deposit Banks.

CAPITAL ADEQUACY AND DEPOSIT MONEY BANK'S RETURN ON ASSET (ROA) IN NIGERIA

This study investigated capital adequacy and Deposit Money Bank's (DMB) Return on Asset (ROA) in Nigeria in which the effect of capital to asset ratio on bank's profit margin and the relationship between solvency and asset turnover was examined. The study population of the study comprised Nigeria deposit money banks listed on the floor of Nigeria Stock Exchange as at 2021. Sample of bank selected was Zenith Plc, Guaranty Trust Bank Plc (GTB), First Bank Nigeria Limited, Access Bank Plc, and United Bank for Africa Plc based on global ranking order and the fact that they are listed on Nigeria Stock Exchange. To determine the effect of capital adequacy on banks performance, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression model was employed the data collected within the period of 2006-2020. The findings of this study revealed coefficient of 0.080034 implies 1% change in capital to asset ratio would lead to 8% increase change in profit margin ratio and p-value of 0.042223 shows that CTA has statistical significant effect on profit margin of the selected banks within the period under study; coefficient of 0.04587 implies 1% change in solvency would lead to 4.58% change in asset turnover of the selected DMBs under the period studied, p-value of 0.0000611 shows that SOLV has statistical significant relationship with ATU of the selected banks within the period under study. The study recommends bank decision makers should give consideration for its solvency status and capital to asset ratio when investigating factors affecting bank’s actualization objective. In addition, DMBs in Nigeria should ensure that they maintain above minimum capital to asset ratio level in order to guarantee an efficient profit margin. Also, the ability of DMBs to meet their short and medium term financial obligations must be fortified in order to keep the performance at per. Keywords: Capital Adequacy, Return on Asset, Capital to Asset Ratio, Solvency, Profit Margin and Asset Turnover.

BANKS LIQUIDITY RATIO AND RETURN ON EQUITY OF NIGERIA DEPOSIT MONEY BANK IN NIGERIA

This study investigated banks liquidity ratio and return on equity of Nigeria deposit money bank in Nigeria in which banks liquidity ratio and return on equity of Nigeria deposit money bank and effect of acid-test-ratio on banks financial leverage were examined. The study population of the study comprised Nigeria deposit money banks listed on the floor of Nigeria Stock Exchange as at 2021. Sample of bank selected was Zenith Plc, Guaranty Trust Bank Plc (GTB), First Bank Nigeria Limited, Access Bank Plc, and United Bank for Africa Plc based on global ranking order and the fact that they are listed on Nigeria Stock Exchange. To determine the effect of banks liquidity ratio and return on equity of Nigeria deposit money bank, Panel Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression model was employed to analyze the data collected for the period of 2006-2020. The findings of this study revealed coefficient of 0.049927 which implies 1% change in current ratio would result to 4% increase change in operating efficiency and p-value of 0.0183 shows that current ratio has statistical significant effect on operational efficiency of the selected banks within the period under study; coefficient of 0.023031 implies 1% increase change in acid test ratio (ATC) would lead to 2% increase change in bank’s financial leverage of the selected DMBs, p-value of 0.01433 shows that acid test ratio has statistical significant effect on financial leverage of the selected banks within the period under study. The study recommends that the study recommends Nigerian banks should strive to maintain optimal liquidity ratio to achieve efficiency in its operations and reduce operational expenses to the barest minimal. Keywords: Liquidity Ratio, Return on Equity, Current Ratio, Operational Efficiency, Acid Test Ratio and Financial Leverage.

Comparative Analysis of Support Vector Machine and EGARCH Modelling of Zenith Bank Plc. Stock Price on Economic Growth in Nigeria

In this 21st century, stock exchange has become a crucial and determining factor for the global economy, any variability in this market affects personal, corporate financial activities and the economic growth a country. A lot of analysis using different models were explored by several authors. However, this study set out to investigates the statistical behaviour of Zenith Bank PLC stock price using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and EGARCH Model on economic growth in Nigeria by adopting quantitative techniques using the causal-comparative research method. The findings from this research shows a coefficient of the Zenith bank Low stock price at (0.546945) and high stock price at (0.453562) which indicates that low stock price is insignificant because is less than α = 0.05, while high stock price of greater than α = 0.05 is significant to predict the Zenith bank stock price. Findings from the study has further revealed that SVM mode approach is more appropriate than EGARCH model and recommends that stockholders, financial analyst and researchers who are investing in stock market should adapt the SVM model approach to determine the volatility rate or level of stochastic in the financial time series data.
 Keywords: Stock Price, Support Vector Machine (SVM), EGARCH Model, Stock Exchange, Economic Growth

Operational Challenges in the Application of Human Resource Information Systems: An investigation in the select Brac Tanzania and CRDB Bank PLC Private Financial Institutions

AI Publications is an open access peer review international journal to publish the article in the field of Agriculture, Horticulture, Food science, Rural Development, Environment and Health Research, Chemistry, Mathematics,Physics.

Factors Influence on the Profitability of ABC Bank PLC

In the present context the banking industry in Sri Lanka has become highly competitive. The country is filled with financial institutions more than required to serve the people in Sri Lanka. As a result of the stiff competition between the banks, it has become a real challenge for each of them to earn profit and there are many factors that influence the profitability of the banks. The study is all about the ABC Bank PLC in Sri Lanka and analyzed the determinants which have their impact on the profitability of the bank. There are internal and external variables influencing the profitability of the banking industry. The study especially analyzed the internal determinants which affect the profitability of the bank. There were number of studies done in the past and based on the studies the dependent variable has been identified as Return on Asset in order to measure the profitability and the following variables are identified as independent variables; Total Asset, Non-Interest Income, Cost Income ratio, Equity ratio and Loan Loss Provision/Total Loans. The analysis is done based on the secondary data published by the ABC Bank PLC. The empirical results exhibit the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables. Further the recommendations are given based on the empirical results from this study.

The effects of employee voice, perceived leadership integrity, and work-related curiosity on counterproductive meeting behaviors

This study assesses the effects of employee voice, perceived leadership integrity, and work-related curiosity on counterproductive meeting behaviors within Nigeria’s work organizations. The study’s sample was taken from nine work organizations in Lagos and Oyo States of Nigeria. The nine work organizations were selected from Nigeria’s financial, manufacturing, and service industries. These work organizations are Guarantee Trust Bank Plc, First City Monument Bank Plc, Full Range Microfinance Bank Limited, Seven-up Bottling Company Plc, Isoglass Industries Nigeria Limited, Atlantic Textile Company, Pixels Digital Services Limited, Pacesetters transport Services Limited, and IBFC Alliance Limited. Nevertheless, this paper has applied a cross-sectional survey approach, of which the present researcher randomly disseminated the survey forms (questionnaires). However, out of 450 questionnaires, 432 were fit for research and analyzed with statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS vs. 27). The current results established significant joint and independent negative effects of employee voice, perceived leadership integrity, and work-related curiosity on counterproductive meeting behaviors within Nigeria’s work organizations. The management of work organizations ensures adequate and consistent encouragement of employee voice by allowing employee expressions, suggestions, making the employee feel important, and rendering listening ears. They should also train and inspire leaders who stimulate and exemplify leadership integrity. Furthermore, the management of work organizations should inspire employee curiosity as it relates to their work.

Islamic Financing as Alternative Option for Small and Medium Enterprises in Southwestern Nigeria

The realisation that, despite the great potentials they portend for economic growth and development across contexts, access to finance has remained a major stumbling block to most Micro, Small and Medium enterprises. This has increased impetus for the call for viable and sustainable alternative financing mechanisms. Thus, a cursory look into major offerings of Islamic financing as they suit the purposes of SMEs need to be considered. This study, therefore, examined Islamic Financing products/services as alternative options in terms of accessibility, risk-sharing, and non-adherence to collateral security. Primary data were obtained through the instrumentality of structured questionnaire, administered on 350 customers of Jaiz Bank Plc, across the seven (7) branches in the Southwestern Nigeria. And personal interview conducted on five (5) purposively selected owner-manager of SME customers of the bank. The data were analysed with the aids of descriptive statistical tools to determine accessibility, risk-sharing and unstrict adherence to collateral security. Findings revealed that all products/services offered by Islamic finance are better alternatives to conventional banking services. The study concludes that with government support, the bank is in a good stead to promote the development of Micro, Small and Medium enterprises and that appropriate policies be adopted to encourage the bank to improve access to finance of these business firms for overall economic development.

DIRECT EMPLOYEES PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING ON PRODUCTIVITY IN ACCESS BANK

Decision-making in organizations has been the domain of top management but without the participation of those on the lower treads of the ranking of management, yet they are the very ones expected to see to the implementation of these decisions, hence this study investigated employee participation in decision making on productivity in access bank. A cross-sectional survey research design was used, and the total population are 80 staff, while the sample size is 69 staff , To provide answers to research questions and the stated objectives, information gathered on all relevant variables were analyzed using descriptive (frequencies, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential (regression) statistics with the use of SPSS statistical packages version 20. The result of the analysis indicated employee participation influence the target of employees of access bank plc. The results of the analysis indicated that employee of access bank are more productive because they are part of the decision making process in their organization. It was revealed that direct employee participation in decision making has a significant relationship with deposit target with (F= 35.640, pl0.00), The following recommendations were suggested on the basis of the findings of the study and the conclusion agreed upon. Managers of companies in Nigeria should give a reasonable attention to employee participation in decision making because it’s has the ability to provide every opportunity to organization, Organisation should try to listen to their staff to that they can be more committed

Stimulating creative behaviors in the work environment: influences of employee engagement, authentic leadership, and human capital factors on employee creativity

This paper investigates employee engagement, authentic leadership and human capital factors’ influences on the creative behaviors of bank employees within Nigeria’s banking industry. This investigation’s sample was taken from a selection of banks (Guarantee Trust Bank Plc, First Bank Plc, and United Bank For Africa Plc) across the Lagos and Ibadan cities of Lagos and Oyo States, Nigeria. This paper adopts a survey study approach, and questionnaires were randomly circulated. However, out of the 300 questionnaires distributed, 273 were fit to be used for the research and analyzed via statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS vs. 26). The current findings suggest that the younger the bank employees, the more creative they are. The higher their educational level and work experience, the more creative they are within Nigeria’s banking industry. The current investigation further established that employee engagement and authentic leadership significantly and positively influence creativity amongst employees within Nigeria’s banking industry. Therefore, the management of the Nigerian banks needs to consider spurring of employees’ sense of belonging and engagement to help stimulate and nurture their creativity. They should also consider essential authentic leadership training for their managers to help them discharge their leadership functions, related to the positive development of their subordinates’ creative behaviors and the human capital factors in stimulating employee creativity.