Effect Of Banks Research Articles

PENGARUH FDR DAN NPF TERHADAP ROA BANK UMUM SYARIAH INDONESIA 2017-2020

The high and low FDR and NPF is a risk to profitability. If he FDR is lower then the bank's effectiveness in channeling credit is lower, while the higher NPF will result in a decreased ROA and the company's profit income will decrease. This study aims to determine the effect of FDR and NPF on ROA at Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia for the 2017-2020 period. This research is a quantitative research with secondary data of 14 Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia. The data analysis technique in this study used the SPSS program. V.22 with descriptive analysis method, classical assumption test and hypothesis test to see and assess performance based on ROA, FDR, and NPF. The results of this study indicate that FDR and NPF partially have no significant effect on ROA. FDR and NPF have an effect of 57.2% on ROA, while 42.8%are influenced by other variables.

REVIEW OF PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF SHALLOW WATER AND BANK EFFECTS

The ship’s behaviour and manoeuvrability change as depth of water decreases and/or when the ship is near a bank or shoal. This paper conducts a review on shallow water effects (SWE) and bank effects (BE). It summarizes the varying opinions from both experienced mariners and hydrodynamicists about SWE on factors such as resistance, trim, steering, manoeuvrability and stopping, as well as BE on elements such as bank suction and cushion and it is shown that there is not a common sense in the bibliography. This is strange because the successful navigation of a ship along the channel to the dock is an identifiable task whose outcome is the same in all cases. Yet surprisingly it is a subject upon which there are different opinions documented. This review refreshes mariner’s memory and raises controversial topics that need clarification for the benefit of mariners, simulator modellers and the maritime industry they work.

Shadow banking's effects in the Chilean financial system

PurposeThe Financial Stability Board (FSB) determined that entities classified as shadow banking are of a credit nature because they are capable of affecting the financial system through the entry and exit of capital. This study aims at measuring the impact of shadow banking in the systemic risk in Chile. A sample of 91 institutions (Run) belonging to the mutual funds was used, with a series showing a continuous behaviour between 2004 and 2018.Design/methodology/approachThe measurement is carried out using the conditional value at risk (CoVaR) methodology, which analyses the behaviour of an institution in a regular state against the same institution in a state of stress.FindingsThe results obtained reflect that liquidity mismatches do not have a relevant effect on the systemic risk, while the 2008 crisis does contribute to its decline.Originality/valueThere are less number of literature studies that apply statistical models regarding shadow banking, at least at a quantitative level, so this research is a beginning for other studies, supporting future authors in their new research as a basis.

Interest Rate Bands of Inaction and Play-Hysteresis in Domestic Investment: Evidence for the Euro Area

The interest rate represents an important monetary policy tool to steer investment in order to reach price stability. Therefore, implications of the exact form and magnitude of the interest rate-investment nexus for the European Central Bank's effectiveness in a low interest rate environment gain center stage. We first present a theoretical framework of the hysteretic impact of changes in the interest rate on macroeconomic investment under certainty and under uncertainty to investigate whether uncertainty over future interest rates in the Euro area hampers monetary policy transmission. In this non-linear model, strong reactions in investment activity occur as soon as changes of the interest rate exceed a zone of inaction, that we call 'play' area. Second, we apply an algorithm describing path-dependent play-hysteresis to estimate investment hysteresis using data on domestic investment and interest rates on corporate loans for 5 countries of the Euro area in the period ranging from 2001Q1 to 2018Q1. We find hysteretic effects of interest rate changes on investment in most countries. However, their shape and magnitude differ widely across countries which poses a challenge for a unified monetary policy. By introducing uncertainty into the regressions, the results do not change much which may be due to the interest rate implicitly incorporating uncertainty effects in investment decisions, e.g. by risk premia.

Contribution of Islamic banks to systemic risk

This study aims to compare Islamic to conventional banks in order to examine their contribution to systemic risk. It examines listed banks from six Middle Eastern countries using the marginal expected shortfall (MES) method to measure dynamic individual systemic risk. We then try to determine the factors affecting these systemic risk levels for each type of bank. Finally, we refer to the panel VAR model estimated by GMM to determine the impact of the shock in each type of bank's effect on financial stability. The main results show that conventional banks present a significant systemic risk than Islamic banks. This result does not prove that Islamic banks do not present a real danger to the overall system's stability. On the contrary, they significantly contribute to systemic risk mainly during unstable periods. We conclude that market risk and bank size represent the main factors that positively affect systemic risk of Islamic banks.

Contribution of Islamic banks to systemic risk

This study aims to compare Islamic to conventional banks in order to examine their contribution to systemic risk. It examines listed banks from six Middle Eastern countries using the marginal expected shortfall (MES) method to measure dynamic individual systemic risk. We then try to determine the factors affecting these systemic risk levels for each type of bank. Finally, we refer to the panel VAR model estimated by GMM to determine the impact of the shock in each type of bank's effect on financial stability. The main results show that conventional banks present a significant systemic risk than Islamic banks. This result does not prove that Islamic banks do not present a real danger to the overall system's stability. On the contrary, they significantly contribute to systemic risk mainly during unstable periods. We conclude that market risk and bank size represent the main factors that positively affect systemic risk of Islamic banks.

Review of practical aspects of shallow water and bank effects

The ship’s behaviour and manoeuverability change as depth of water decreases and/or when the ship is near a bank or shoal. This paper conducts a review on shallow water effects (SWE) and bank effects (BE). It summarizes the varying opinions from both experienced mariners and hydrodynamicists about SWE on factors such as resistance, trim, steering, manoeuverability and stopping, as well as BE on elements such as bank suction and cushion and it is shown that there is not a common sense in the bibliography. This is strange because the successful navigation of a ship along the channel to the dock is an identifiable task whose outcome is the same in all cases. Yet surprisingly it is a subject upon which there are different opinions documented. This review refreshes mariner’s memory and raises controversial topics that need clarification for the benefit of mariners, simulator modellers and the maritime industry they work.

A HYBRID BANKING WEBSITES QUALITY EVALUATION MODEL USING AHP AND COPRAS-G: A TURKEY CASE

The quality of websites can directly influence bank's effectiveness. Therefore, the effective evaluation of the quality of bank websites is a point of concern for customers, owners, and researchers. The primary goal of the study is to propose a hybrid model of AHP and COPRAS-G methods for evaluating the website quality of banks. Furthermore, this study sheds light on understanding weights of evaluation criteria related to quality of bank websites. In this study, the weights of the evaluation criteria are computed by AHP method. Next, COPRAS-G is used to assess the quality levels of the websites and to rank them. A case study of evaluating the quality of bank websites of seventeen banks in Turkey is used to demonstrate the applicability and the effectiveness of this model. Empirical findings show that banks in Turkey utilize the Internet to its full potential to improve their websites. Furthermore, Garanti Bankasi has the best overall performance, followed by TEB, and Ziraat Bankasi. Additionally, the top-five evaluation criteria in order of importance are relevance, richness, understandability, navigability, and response time. Overall, the results show that this model provides a comprehensive and systematic approach that quantitatively measures a website's quality.

The Role of the World Bank in Poverty Alleviation and Human Development in the Twenty-First Century: An Introduction

This month, October 2007, more than 140 journals worldwide are participating in an effort to raise awareness and stimulate research on a global theme of poverty and human development. In this spirit, Global Governance presents this special issue on the World Bank, the preeminent international aid agency whose core mission is the alleviation of poverty and the promotion of human and economic growth. Established on 1 July 1944, in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, by the victors of World War II, the World Bank (hereafter the Bank) was designed to provide needed capital and technical assistance to rebuild postwar Europe. Since then, the Bank has transformed into a much larger and more broadly defined institution, self-characterized by the banner hanging in its Washington, DC, lobby: Our Dream Is a World Free of Poverty. The World Bank Group's (1) mandates and activities reflect an understanding of development that has dramatically expanded over the past sixty years. Today the Bank provides loans, grants, technical assistance, and highly influential research and data on issues as varied as infrastructure, gender, sustainable development, AIDS prevention and treatment, anticorruption, and postconflict reconstruction. Yet the years have taken a toll on the Bank. There is little, if any, consensus on whether the Bank has been successful in its endeavors. On the one hand, Bank proponents laud statistics demonstrating the dramatic reduction in absolute poverty and other indicators of economic growth and human development. On the other hand, Bank critics--an ever growing group--dispute these claims, providing their own interpretation of the evidence to argue that the Bank has not been effective in fostering equitable, sustained growth or human development, and in some instances has contributed to the perpetuation of poverty in many areas of the developing world. Whether you agree with the former or the latter statement, it is difficult to dispute that the tremendous growth of antiglobalization protest movements in the 1990s has made the World Bank a very popular target for metaphorical--and sometimes quite literal--tomato throwing. It is widely perceived by those inside and outside the institution that the Bank is in crisis. The first aspect of this crisis concerns the Bank's legitimacy. Critics lambaste the Bank for its ideological rigidity, pervasive corruption within aid programs, and weaknesses in bureaucratic transparency and accountability mechanisms. The Bank's legitimacy is further damaged by the perceived lack of democracy in its organizational governance, epitomized by the weighted voting rules of the executive board and the gentlemen's agreement underlying the selection process of the Bank presidency. This has led many critics to see the Bank as the handmaiden of its most powerful member state, the United States. At the same time, unchecked mission creep, persistent gaps between policy mandates and performance, and a checkered history of loan results have given rise to criticism of the Bank's effectiveness. And the abundance of private capital and the observable decline in demand for Bank lending from major middle-income countries give critics from both extremes of the political spectrum cause to question the very raison d'etre of the Bank. Since the Bank's fiftieth anniversary, in 1994, the debate on whether to demolish, reinvent, or rescue the Bank has been a favorite topic of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), academics, and DC Beltway think tanks. (2) All of these criticisms have been compounded by the recent controversial departure of the Bank's president, Paul Wolfowitz, as a result of his involvement in the promotion and pay raise of his former girlfriend, Bank staffer Shaha Ali Riza. European executive directors opposed Wolfowitz's intention to remain in the top job amid an unprecedented staff revolt and media circus over the hypocrisy of the self-depicted anticorruption champion. …

Banking across state lines: public and private consequences

Preface The Old and The New: American Banking in Consolidation Background to Interstate Banking: Early Federal and State Interstate Banking Laws The 1994 Interstate Banking Law and Its Implications for the Structure of U.S. Banking The Potential Benefits and Costs of Interstate Banking The Research Evidence: What Do We Know About Interstate Banking's Effects? How Bankers Evaluate Target Interstate Markets and Institutions Across State Lines The Consequences of Interstate Banking for the Public, the Regulatory Community, and for Banks Themselves Bibliography Index

REGULATION AND INSOLVENT BANKS

Bank regulation tends to develop as a reaction to bank insolvencies. Much of the detail of regulatory measures, comprising EU Directives, statute and guidance from the Bank of England is intended to enable banks to avoid collapse. The Bank of England's role and duties as prudential supervisor of banks is much more ambiguous than would be expected from this pattern, however. The Bank's effectiveness as supervisor has been subject to criticism since the Barings debacle, calling into question the purpose of bank regulation. After explaining the existing legislative and practical background to supervision of troubled banks, this paper considers the importance of protecting depositors as a guiding principle of regulation and explores possible developments.

Organizational Impediments to Development Assistance: The World Bank's Population Program

The World Bank has encountered serious difficulties as it has moved from an almost exclusive concern with capital infrastructure into social sectors of development, such as rural development and population planning. The present study, based on an intensive examination of the Bank's experience in the population sector, concludes that the Bank's effectiveness has been constrained by its institutionalized commitments to (i) its clients, the finance and planning ministries of developing countries; (2) its technology for rendering assistance as embodied in its project lending procedures; and (3) its independence from other organizations that provide development assistance. Instead of modifying these commitments in order to improve the Bank's performance in the population field, its officials have recently reorganized the population program in a way that preserves the Bank's basic priorities and procedures without necessarily advancing its population objectives.