Design Of Banks Research Articles

Digital technology adoption, workforce agility and digital technology outcomes in the context of the banking industry of India

Purpose The rapid adoption of digital technology forced the leaders to explore and examine the drivers and facilitators capable of enhancing the bank's performance. This paper empirically aims to examine the role of technology acceptance and workforce agility in digital technology adoption in the banking industry. Furthermore, this research examines the mediating role of workforce agility between digital technology acceptance and digital technology outcome. Design/methodology/approach Influenced by the Attitude–Behavior–Outcome framework, this survey research has been designed to collect data from both high-level executives and low-level executives working in the banking sector undertakings of India. The research adopted a two-step procedure for testing theoretical models using SPSS-AMOS, Version 27. Hayes PROCESS macro (Version 4.3.1; 2023) technique was executed to test the mediation. Findings The result proved that the banker's acceptance of digital technology positively impacted banks' performance. Furthermore, this study proved that workforce agility has a favorable, significant mediating influence between digital technology acceptance and digital technology outcome suggesting banks design and implement suitable management policies and practices to enhance the technology acceptance mindset of the bankers and promote workforce agility for higher customer relationships and performance. Originality/value Being the first-ever research to examine the role of workforce agility, this study proved its mediating effect on effective digital transformation.

Empowering quadrature mirror filter bank architectures: dynamic-grey wolf optimization approach for elevated filter orders

The present study introduces a revised version of the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm called Dynamic-GWO, which integrates a dynamic parameter adaptation mechanism for population diversity enhancement. This mechanism implements the real-time adjustment of control parameters throughout the optimization procedure. The algorithm's effectiveness is demonstrated by its consistent performance across a variety of intricate benchmark functions. Further, the suggested approach is employed to determine the eminent filter tap coefficients of the Quadrature-Mirror-Filter (QMF) bank that enables the configuration with filter orders of 120 and 150, which have yet to be achieved using existing methods. The uniqueness of the proposed approach lies in its capability to overcome the inherent difficulties associated with higher-order filter design, including increased filter length and computational complexity. The primary objective function is to minimize the algebraic sum of three types of distortion: pass-band error, excess power of stop-band, and squared error of the overall transfer function at the quadrature frequency ω q = π / 2 , which generally occur in the procedure of Near-Perfect-Reconstruction (NPR) QMF bank design. In addition, the measured maximum reconstruction errors are 1.303 × 10 − 15 , 2.93 × 10 − 16 and 2.18 × 10 − 06 dB, and aliasing distortions are A L = 85.80 , 128.49 and 153.52 dB for filter orders N = 100, 120 and 150, correspondingly. The proposed algorithm yields significant improvements with an 86.68% reduction in the ripple factor and a 10.45% increase in attenuation compared to the baseline GWO for filter order 120, underscoring its effectiveness in enhancing filter performance. The observed outcomes indicate that the Dynamic-GWO algorithm consistently surpasses the baseline GWO and other Nature-Inspired Algorithms (NIAs) regarding computational ease and convergence speed.

The impact of consanguinity on the design of iPSC banks

The effect of consanguinity on identifying universal induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) donors, i.e., homozygous for the major human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci, is unknown. The discovery sample size was calculated in a consanguineous population using a method (1qF) based on the inbreeding coefficient. The result was orders of magnitude smaller compared to the standard method.

9‐3: The Latest Technology Breakthroughs for 31” 4K Flexible Printed OLED TV Display Technology

The flexible printed OLED TV display technology will be able to create new application market, such as rollable/foldable TV, in the future. It's TV Mobiles. Since the TCL (TCL CSOT, Guangdong Juhua Printed Display Technology Co. Ltd. & TCL Corporate Research) has successfully demonstrated the 31” FHD flexible printed OLED TV, there are a lot of technology breakthroughs for improving the panel performance and cost reduction. The co‐planar top gate Oxide TFT device architecture, printing OLED top emission device architecture with new OLED materials, MURA free ink jet printing technology with unique bank design, advanced encapsulation technology with new inorganic material for panel performance improvement are developed. Especially innovative mechanical release technology without using laser lift off technology is developed for cost reduction and production yield up in flexible printed OLED TV MP line. Based on these technology breakthroughs, 31” 4K flexible printed OLED TV with high resolution(142ppi) are fabricated.The performance of 31” flexible printed OLED TV is, 4K high resolution (3840x2160, 142ppi), luminance: FW 150nits, excellent C/R; > 1M:1, color gamut: DCI‐P3: >99%, wide viewing angle (Δu'v' < 0.02): ≥ +/‐ 45°, A/R: 47.75%, and curvature radius: 20mmIn this paper, the panel performance of 31” 4K high resolution flexible printed OLED TV and the latest technology breakthroughs are discussed in details.

Design and Application of a Credit Bank Based on Blockchain Technology

Credit banks are an important way to build a lifelong learning system and a learning society. At present, various types of credit banks in China generally have limitations such as low efficiency in learning achievement certification and conversion, difficulty in ensuring the quality of learning achievement certification, and vague identification of credit banks. Blockchain technology has the characteristics of openness, consensus, transparent transactions, anonymity, tamper resistance, and traceability, which can effectively solve the centralized governance problems faced by the current construction of credit banks. This article elaborates on the current development status and characteristics of credit banks at home and abroad, analyzes the feasibility of combining credit banks with blockchain, and designs a blockchain based credit bank system architecture and processing flow to address the challenges of inconsistent credit conversion standards, low conversion efficiency, and data security risks in traditional credit banks. It proposes using block structure design to achieve secure and tamper proof credit data, proposes a smart contract based credit recognition and conversion method to achieve decentralized governance of credit banks, and establishes a blockchain based credit bank certification, conversion, and other application design models, which can provide technical support for the large-scale application of credit banks in the future.

Novel item selection strategies for cognitive diagnostic computerized adaptive testing: A heuristic search framework.

The computerized adaptive form of cognitive diagnostic testing, CD-CAT, has gained increasing attention in the domain of personalized measurements for its ability to categorize individual mastery status of fine-grained attributes more accurately and efficiently through administering items tailored to one's ability progressively. How to select the next item based on previous response(s) is crucial for the success of CD-CAT. Previous item selection strategies for CD-CAT have often followed a greedy or semi-greedy approach, which makes it difficult to strike a balance between diagnostic performance and item bank utilization. To address this issue, this study takes a graph perspective and transforms the item selection problem in CD-CAT into a path-searching problem, in which paths refer to possible test construction and nodes refer to individual items. A heuristic function is defined to predict the prospect of a path, indicating how well the corresponding test can diagnose the current examinee. Two search mechanisms with different biases towards item exposure control are proposed to approximate the optimal path with the best prospect. The first unused item on the resulting path is selected as the next item. The above components compose a novel CD-CAT item selection framework based on heuristic search. Simulation studies are conducted under a variety of conditions regarding bank designs, bank-quality conditions, and testing scenarios. The results are compared with different types of classic item selection strategies in CD-CAT, showing that the proposed framework can enhance bank utilization at a smaller cost of diagnostic performance.

Integrating sustainability in management control systems: an exploratory study on Italian banks

PurposeDrawing insights from institutional theory, this paper aims to examine whether and to what extent banks have reconfigured their management control systems (MCSs) in response to growing institutional pressures towards sustainability, understood as environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted an exploratory study at the three largest Italian banking groups to shed light on changes made in MCSs to account for ESG issues. The analysis is based on 12 semi-structured interviews with managers from the sustainability and controls areas, as well as from other relevant operational areas particularly concerned with the integration process of ESG issues. Additionally, secondary data sources were used. The Malmi and Brown (2008) MCS framework, consisting of a package of five types of formal and informal control mechanisms, was used to structure and analyse the empirical data.FindingsThe examined banks widely implemented numerous changes to their MCSs as a response to the heightened sustainability pressures from regulatory bodies and stakeholders. In particular, with the exception of action planning, the results show an extensive integration of ESG issues into the five control mechanisms of Malmi and Brown’s framework, namely, long-term planning, cybernetic, reward/compensation, administrative and cultural controls.Practical implicationsBy identifying the approaches banks followed in reconfiguring traditional MCSs, this research sheds light on how adequate MCSs can promote banks’ “sustainable behaviours”. The results can, thus, contribute to defining best practices on how MCSs can be redesigned to support the integration of ESG issues into the banks’ way of doing business.Originality/valueOverall, the findings support the theoretical assertion that institutional pressures influence the design of banks’ MCSs, and that both formal and informal controls are necessary to ensure a real engagement towards sustainability. More specifically, this study reveals that MCSs, by encompassing both formal and informal controls, are central to enabling banks to appropriately understand, plan and control the transition towards business models fully oriented to the integration of ESG issues. Thereby, this allows banks to effectively respond to the increased stakeholder demands around ESG concerns.

Joint Design of Intra–Inter Agile Pulses and Doppler Filter Banks for Doppler Ambiguous Target

Joint Design of Intra–Inter Agile Pulses and Doppler Filter Banks for Doppler Ambiguous Target

Pulse Diversity Phase Coded Waveform and Mismatched Filter Bank Design via Periodic Ambiguity Function Shaping

Pulse Diversity Phase Coded Waveform and Mismatched Filter Bank Design via Periodic Ambiguity Function Shaping

Design and Implementation of FRM-Based Filter Bank With Low Complexity for RJIA

Design and Implementation of FRM-Based Filter Bank With Low Complexity for RJIA

Using interpretive structural modelling and quality cost model to solve project completion delay in shipyard case study in PT X

Purpose – This research proposes an alternative method to solve completion delay issue and optimized the strategy using ISM technical method and Quality Cost Model application. Design/methodology/approach – Data was acquired from 120 questions from company key persons that involved in project for last 5 years. The instruments processed using ISM analysis to measure the relationship among causes, then using Quality Cost Model to solve. Findings – This research shows that factors of late payment from client, delays in bank credit processing, bad weather, and design changes by owners are the root causes of delays. Further analysis using the Theory of Constraint (TOC) shows that financial constraint issues influence the decreased throughput and increase operating cost. Further management use five sequential steps to improve the management and P-A-F models as one of strategic cost management tools applied to the root causes to determine the optimum cost strategy to solve the problem. Research limitations/implications – This research was conducted using a case study method, and the conclusion related to problem and root cause may not be applied totally to other companies, but the framework may be applicable. Future research can investigate other issue using TOC framework, combine TOC with other models to conduct root cause analysis, and the COQ model implementation in shipyard management. Practical implications – This research demonstrates that management can use Interpretative Structural Modelling (ISM) analysis to determine the root cause, then analyse and overcome the issues using TOC framework. COQ model approach to sharpening the decision, and prioritize the resources allocation. Originality/value – This research combine ISM, TOC, and PAF Quality Cost Model approach for decision making which can be a management tool in strategic cost management.

Independence, discretion and accountability in the evolving monetary policy framework of the European Central Bank

The role of the European Central Bank (ECB) has expanded substantially in recent years due to subsequent crises. As a result, its accountability has been a matter of growing concern. This paper focuses on recent monetary policy decisions (specifically, the 2020–21 monetary policy strategy review and the Transmission Protection Instrument) and the evolving accountability practices of the ECB. After discussing three relevant key dimensions of central bank design (independence, discretion and accountability) and their relationship over time, the article shows that the highlighted recent developments will lead to a much greater degree of discretion on the part of the ECB, and that accountability practices have not evolved in a commensurate manner. The article concludes by making specific proposals to improve, to some degree, the accountability of the ECB to the European Parliament, and address the current imbalance between independence, discretion and accountability.

ALUSGDI: Low power arithmetic logic unit based sliced processor using GDI and MGDI

In recent years, many digital logic circuits in terms of transistors such as Pass Transistor Logic (PTL), Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) logic and etc. have been used for implementing DSP algorithms. Gated Diffusion Input (GDI) logic is also another method for implementing digital circuits. In this work, GDI logic style is used in the proposed ALU based Filter Bank. The ALU unit of the proposed filter bank is designed by modified GDI logic. Power consumption of the entire design is also reasonably reduced using recursive parallel self-timed adder. GDI logic has three terminals which are Common Gate (G), PMOS (P)/NMOS (N) and output terminal. The number of transistors is reduced when compared to Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) logic. Hence, the reduced number of transistors eliminates the switching activity and power dissipation. The GDI logic consumes 65% less area and 91.4% less power when compared to CMOS logic. The modified GDI logic provides 77.5% area reduction when compared to CMOS logic. The experimental results obtained using the proposed ALU based Sliced Processor by employing GDI logic compared with the traditional filter bank techniques. ALU based filter bank design speeds up significantly through GDI concepts when compared to the interpolated filter bank and the design is implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology.

(Why) Do Central Banks Care about Their Profits?

ABSTRACTWe document that central banks are discontinuously more likely to report slightly positive profits than slightly negative profits, especially when political pressure is greater, the public is more receptive to extreme political views, and central bank governors are eligible for reappointment. The propensity to report small profits over small losses is correlated with higher inflation and lower interest rates. We conclude that there are agency problems at central banks, which give rise to discontinuous profit incentives that correlate with central banks’ policy choices and outcomes. These findings inform the debate about the political economy of central banking and central bank design.

Generalized matrix spectral factorization with symmetry and applications to symmetric quasi-tight framelets

Factorization of matrices of Laurent polynomials plays an important role in mathematics and engineering such as wavelet frame construction and filter bank design. Wavelet frames (a.k.a. framelets) are useful in applications such as signal and image processing. Motivated by the recent development of quasi-tight framelets, we study and characterize generalized spectral factorizations with symmetry for 2×2 matrices of Laurent polynomials. Applying our result on generalized matrix spectral factorization, we establish a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of symmetric quasi-tight framelets with two generators. The proofs of all our main results are constructive and therefore, one can use them as construction algorithms. We provide several examples to illustrate our theoretical results on generalized matrix spectral factorization and quasi-tight framelets with symmetry.

A Parallel Solution of Timing Synchronization in High-Speed Remote Sensing Data Transmission

Considering the problem that the timing synchronization calculation in high-speed remote sensing signal reception is complex and it is difficult for it to be parallel, this paper deduces and designs a parallel timing error estimation and correction scheme. This paper presents the design of polyphase DFT filter banks with non-maximum decimation. The feedforward timing error estimation and correction method is then improved to enhance synchronization performance. Finally, an implementation scheme for parallel timing error estimation and correction is proposed using the polyphase filter bank time domain decomposition method and the filter polyphase model. In the estimation module, the parallel implementation structure of the joint second-order and fourth-order cyclic statistics methods is designed, which improves the estimation accuracy. In the correction module, a fractional delay filtering method with higher accuracy is adopted in order to improve the calibration accuracy and reduce the computational complexity. The timing synchronization of a high-speed remote sensing signal with timing error is simulated and verified. The experimental results show that the parallel method proposed in this paper greatly reduces the processing speed of subband data, and has a good synchronization performance, which is close to the theoretical limit in the demodulation error rate. This paper utilizes a multi-phase DFT filter bank architecture to achieve parallel timing synchronization, which presents a novel approach for the future parallel reception of high-speed remote sensing signals.

Bank ownership structures and sustainable banking initiatives: The moderating effect of governance mechanism

Bank regulators in the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region are increasingly focusing on effective bank ownership structures (BOS) as a key corporate governance (CG) mechanism to drive sustainable banking disclosures (SBD). However, it is unclear whether BOS can lead to an enhancement in SBD. Understanding these key associations can help policymakers and banks design sustainable strategies to promote SBD. In this study, we fill this gap by investigating the impact of BOS on SBD and determining the extent to which broad CG disclosure moderates this relationship. We conduct a dynamic two-step system generalized method of moments model over an extensive dataset. We demonstrate that the relationship between BOS and SBD is contingent on the quality of the CG mechanisms. Bank ownership by institutions and foreign investors (government) positively (negatively) impacts SBD. Also, there is a negative but insignificant relationship between director ownership and SBD. Finally, the relationship between BOS and SBD is positively moderated by the extent of CG disclosure. This moderating effect improves for banks with quality CG mechanisms. We identify CG disclosure as the possible channel through which BOS and SBD are interlinked. Our findings call for banks to adopt and implement good governance disclosures to improve SBD.

Environmental Policy Affecting the Development of Green Banking and Green Economy: A Case Study in Vietnam

Purpose: Research on factors affecting the development of green banking and green economy in Vietnam. The authors proposed policy implications that contribute to developing green banking and green economy in Vietnam based on the research results. Theoretical framework: Applied theoretical foundations and research model. In this part, the authors present the theoretical basis of green banking and green economy; as domestic and foreign studies related to green banking development, thereby building research models and developing research hypotheses. Method/design/approach: In research methods, the authors presented research methods such as qualitative research, preliminary quantitative research, and formal quantitative research. These methods are expressed through the research process and scale adjustment to test the research hypotheses. Besides, the authors continue to collect data for the official quantitative research method. This data is collected through a questionnaire survey of about 900 officers and employees of 15 commercial banks in five provinces and the city of Vietnam. Results and conclusion: The research results suggest some policy implications and recommendations to promote green banking development toward sustainable economic development in the long term. Many countries worldwide, including Vietnam, have chosen to develop green banking development and green economy. Research implications: Helping bank leaders assess the awareness and concern of bank staff about green banking and customers' understanding, needs, and desires for green services. Finally, banks design green banking products and services in line with the requirements of customers and the green economy.

Bank Runs and Design Flaws of Deposit Insurance

Deposit insurance systems are designed to balance the benefits of preventing bank runs and protecting ordinary savers against the costs of reduced market discipline and potential burdens on taxpayers. Design flaws of deposit insurance make the benefits too low and the costs too high. This paper presents an example in which solvent banks can effectively manage runs, depositors discipline banks to a reasonable extent, and taxpayers have a fair deal. It has three key features: the bank’s authority to activate deposit insurance early, a coinsurance scheme that transfer money from those who run on solvent banks to those who stay put, and a shareholder position for taxpayers. Early activation of deposit insurance prevents fire sales of assets and provides opportunities to verify the bank’s solvency. The coinsurance scheme weakens the incentive to run and strengthens the incentive to hold on to their accounts. As shareholders, taxpayers receive dividends in normal times in exchange for large payouts in catastrophic events.

Exion Math: An Interactive Digital Question Bank Design for Middle School Mathematics

Exion Math: An Interactive Digital Question Bank Design for Middle School Mathematics