Bank Account Research Articles

Хищение цифрового рубля: особенности квалификации

The paper performs a system analysis of algorithms of qualification of embezzlements, the subject of which is the digital ruble. The author uses methods of generalization, modeling and analogy to review the legal status of the digital ruble, special aspects of its circulation and develop a set of criteria to demarcate this concept from the ones that are similar in terms of constituent elements: theft from a bank account (Clause d of Part 3 of Art 158 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) and fraud with the use of electronic payment means (Art 159.3 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).

Women-owned businesses and access to finance in Pakistan: a study of perceptions, experiences and behaviors

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the perceptions, experiences and behaviors of women entrepreneurs and industry professionals in raising finance for women-led businesses and associated problems faced by the women entrepreneurs. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative research adopts a narrative inquiry strategy. In-depth interviews are used to collect data from women entrepreneurs and women industry professionals in Pakistan. NVivo qualitative data analysis software is used to organize, analyze and find insights in the qualitative data. Findings This research finds that women entrepreneurs struggle to secure financing for their businesses, and most of them have not been successful in obtaining loans from banks. Women entrepreneurs have relied on various sources of funding, including microfinance banks, grants, personal finance and family members. Some of the barriers to finance attainment for women entrepreneurs include sociocultural inhibitions, lack of awareness and limited information dissemination by financial institutions. Women professionals suggest that entrepreneurs should maintain a bank account, have proper documentation and show dedication to their business to improve their chances of obtaining financing. Research limitations/implications This research provides theoretical contributions and methodological advancements in the study of financial inclusion for women-owned businesses in Pakistan. This research raises awareness about the difficulties women entrepreneurs face when trying to obtain credit from banks and other financial institutions and provides policy recommendations to inform the government about financial inclusion policies and financing policies for women entrepreneurs. Overall, this research contributes to the literature on financial access and access to finance for women-owned businesses in developing countries. Originality/value Based on the vulnerable group theory and theory of discouraged borrower, this paper has two important theoretical and practical implications. First, the findings of this study reveal that the financial services are indifferent to women, and there is a denial of women being vulnerable in the financial system, hence requiring a major policy shift to not portray women as vulnerable, as they will rationally feel risky and prefer to opt out of the financial system. Second, the findings suggest that the issue of access to finance for women is not in the financial services but in the women's capabilities and awareness. Therefore, a policy shift is suggested from “financial services for women” to “capability and awareness of women” to avail and access the current services.

Dynamic Asset Pricing in a Unified Bachelier–Black–Scholes–Merton Model

We present a unified, market-complete model that integrates both Bachelier and Black–Scholes–Merton frameworks for asset pricing. The model allows for the study, within a unified framework, of asset pricing in a natural world that experiences the possibility of negative security prices or riskless rates. Unlike the classical Black–Scholes–Merton, we show that option pricing in the unified model differs depending on whether the replicating, self-financing portfolio uses riskless bonds or a single riskless bank account. We derive option price formulas and extend our analysis to the term structure of interest rates by deriving the pricing of zero-coupon bonds, forward contracts, and futures contracts. We identify a necessary condition for the unified model to support a perpetual derivative. Discrete binomial pricing under the unified model is also developed. In every scenario analyzed, we show that the unified model simplifies to the standard Black–Scholes–Merton pricing under specific limits and provides pricing in the Bachelier model limit. We note that the Bachelier limit within the unified model allows for positive riskless rates. The unified model prompts us to speculate on the possibility of a mixed multiplicative and additive deflator model for risk-neutral option pricing.

Robust optimal reinsurance and investment strategy for an insurer and a reinsurer with default risks and jumps

In this article, we analyze a robust optimal reinsurance and investment problem in a model with default risks and jumps for a general company which holds shares of an insurer and a reinsurer. The insurer’s surplus is characterized by a diffusion model and the insurer has the opportunity to buy proportional reinsurance from the reinsurer. Moreover, the insurer can invest in a risk-free asset (bank account), a risky asset (stock), and a defaultable bond. Meanwhile, the reinsurer can also invest in a risk-free asset and another risky asset. The price dynamics of the risky asset is assumed to follow a jump-diffusion model. What is more, the general company is concerned about the ambiguity and aims to find a robust optimal reinsurance and investment strategy. The objective of the general company is to maximize the minimal expected exponential utility of the weighted sums of the insurer’s and the reinsurer’s terminal wealth. Applying stochastic dynamic programming approach, we first establish the robust HJB (Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman) equations for the post-default case and the pre-default case, respectively. Furthermore, we obtain the robust optimal strategy explicitly and present the corresponding verification theorem. Finally, we give some numerical examples to demonstrate the influences of model parameters on the robust optimal strategy.

Violence against women, innate preferences and financial inclusion

We examine the impact of intimate partner violence (IPV) on the decision of low-income women to enter formal financial markets by opening a bank account. Additionally, we investigate potential behavioral explanations for the connection between IPV and account-opening decisions. In laboratory experiments conducted in rural Bangladesh, we find that victims of IPV tend to be more risk tolerant and impatient compared to others. When given the option to open a bank account without fees, women who experienced IPV in the past 12 months are less likely to do so than those who did not experience such violence. A path analysis reveals that differences in risk tolerance and impatience mediate the relationship between IPV exposure and financial exclusion. Essentially, our findings indicate that exposure to IPV increases risk tolerance and impatience in women, which in turn discourages them from opening a savings account.

Bank Accounts for Minors: A Pathway to Financial Inclusion or a Dead-End?

Bank Accounts for Minors: A Pathway to Financial Inclusion or a Dead-End?

Removing barriers to registration for early childhood development centres

Background: Early childhood development (ECD) centres play a crucial role in children’s well-being. Multifaceted obstacles hinder ECD centres registration. Overcoming these challenges demands a multisectoral approach to ensure quality education for all children.Aim: This study provides an overview of the quality of ECD centres in South Africa, and then focusses on the specific obstacles ECD centres face in registering their centres with the Department of Social Development (DSD).Setting: An ECD census was conducted in nine South African provinces.Methods: This study analysed data from the South Africa ECD Census (2021). The sample size was 42 420; however, this study analysed data for 39 375 for centres who responded to whether they were registered with the DSD across all South Africa’s nine provinces. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: Only 16% of ECD centres were in the formal registration process, while 43% were not registered. Barriers included no bank account, a lack of separate classes, and insufficient staff. In multivariate analysis, the absence of a bank account strongly predicted registration barriers (RRR 4.21; CI 6.37–7.62, p 0.05).Conclusion: This study underscores the critical role of ECD centres in shaping the foundational aspects of children’s lives. There is an urgent need to streamline the ECD registration process.Contribution: The study finds 43% of childcare centres were unregistered, supporting the call for simplified registration to improve access to quality education and reduce educational disparities in South Africa.

Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana: receipt and utilization among persons with TB notified under the National TB Elimination Program in India, 2022

ABSTRACT Background Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana (NPY), a direct benefit transfer scheme under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP) in India, provides a monthly benefit of INR500 for nutritional support of persons with TB (PwTB). Objectives To determine the proportion of PwTB receiving at least one NPY instalment and pattern of utilisation; to ascertain factors associated with NPY non-receipt and association of NPY receipt with TB treatment outcome. Methods In our cross-sectional study, we used multi-stage sampling to select PwTB whose treatment outcome was declared between May 2022 and February 2023. A cluster-adjusted, generalized linear model was used to identify factors associated with the non-receipt of NPY and determine association between NPY receipt and TB treatment outcome. Results Among 3201 PwTB, 2888 (92.7%; 95% CI 89.8%, 94.8%) had received at least one NPY instalment, and 1903 (64.2%; 95% CI 58.9%, 69.2%) self-reported receipt of benefit. The median (IQR) time to receipt of first instalment was 105 (60,174) days. Non-receipt was significantly higher among PwTB from states with low TB score (aPR = 2.34; 95%CI 1.51, 3.62), who do not have bank account (aPR = 2.48; 95%CI 1.93, 3.19) and with unknown/missing diabetic status (aPR = 1.69; 95%CI 1.11, 2.55). Unfavorable treatment outcomes were associated with non-receipt of NPY (aPR 4.93; 95%CI 3.61,6.75) after adjusting for potential confounders. Conclusion Majority of the PwTB received at least one NPY instalment, but they experience significant delays. Most of the recipients utilised NPY for nutrition. Longitudinal follow-up studies are required to study the impact of NPY on treatment outcomes.

THE PSYCHOLINGUISTIC APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF FRAUDULENT DISCOURSE TEXTS

The article pays attention to modern Russian psycholinguistic analysis in the study of fraudulent dis-course. It is shown that currently in the country, as a result of the increase in the number of crimes committed using mobile phones, scientifi c interest in the speech of a fraudster, methods of infl uencing the victim is increasing, and the question of the need for eff ective protection against unwanted communication arises. The description of the live speech of a fraudster in a real communication situation is relevant; the subject of scientifi c research attracts resear-chers with the opportunity to understand the mechanisms and methods of infl uencing the consciousness of a real or potential victim. The material consisted of recordings of the verbatim content of phonograms in criminal cases. The authors attempt to consider the text of the fraudster’s speech from the point of view of a psycholinguistic approach. A review is made of the scientifi c views of Russian scientists on the manipulation of opinions and actions, and the basic concepts are qualifi ed. The concepts of “linguistic picture of the world” and “linguistic consciousness” are revealed. The authors of the scientifi c article convincingly demonstrated how the slightest change in the communi-cation situation instantly aff ects the structure of the dialogue. We study how the process of substitution of linguistic consciousness occurs in a situation of communication between a fraudster and a victim. The focus is on the seman-tic, pragmatic, syntactic aspects of speech manipulation. Attempts have been made to identify the reasons for the victim’s unquestioning adherence to the criminal’s instructions. In conclusion, the authors proved that in order to prevent this type of crime, it is most important to convey to the potential victim that it is necessary to break off the communicative act (hang up), not to give the criminal the slightest chance to replace the linguistic picture of the world, to immerse the victim in an illusion, which, when disappearing, will cause damage not only to the victim’s bank account, but also to mental health. The theoretical signifi cance of the scientifi c article is seen in the fact that the real recorded speech of the fraudster was studied and the suggestive potential of the remarks was investigated. The results of the study will be useful to anyone who fi nds themselves a victim within the fraudulent discourse.

О некоторых вопросах квалификации и доказывания кражи с банковского счета, совершенной несовершеннолетним путем оплаты покупки чужой банковской картой

In practice, law enforcement agencies often find it difficult to resolve some of the issues covered in this work. Of particular difficulty are certain aspects of the qualification and proof of theft from a bank account committed by minors. The relevance of the article is due to the current lack of comprehensive practice-oriented scientific research of an interdisciplinary nature on the issues under consideration. In order to eliminate the existing gaps, the authors have highlighted some aspects of the qualification of theft of the type in question. Using a specific example, one of the most common currently methods of countering the bodies of preliminary investigation is illustrated and ways and means of overcoming it are proposed, in particular, when proving the intent of a minor subject of a crime.

Understanding banking experiences of autistic adults: an inquiry into inclusive banking

Purpose Navigating the banking world may be overwhelming and intimidating for autistic people due to the generally poor accessibility of banks. Banks around the world are starting to improve the accessibility of their services and products to meet the needs of autistic customers better. However, no empirical research has explored autistic adults’ banking experiences and needs. This study aims to determine what banks can do to make banking more inclusive and accessible for autistic people through understanding the banking experiences of autistic adults living in Australia and identifying the factors that shape these experiences. Design/methodology/approach In total, 57 autistic adults aged 18–67 years (Mage = 33.00, SDage = 11.03) and 29 caregivers of autistic adults aged 32–70 years (Mage = 52.24, SDage = 7.88) completed an online survey about the banking experiences of the autistic adults. In addition, 14 of the 57 autistic adults were interviewed. Findings Almost all autistic participants had a bank account, and online banking was the preferred way of banking for most autistic adults. The factor most often raised by participants that influenced the banking experiences of autistic adults was supportive and helpful bank staff. Other identified factors included autistic adults’ lack of financial and banking knowledge and banks’ poor understanding of autism. The majority of autistic adults felt that banks could become more autism-friendly and provided suggestions. Practical implications Given that most autistic adults are likely to access financial products and services, banks must become more autism-friendly to cater to the diverse needs of autistic customers. Recommendations for how financial institutions can become more inclusive were provided. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first detailed examination of the banking experiences of autistic adults. Practical implications of the research were also provided.

Role of Business Correspondents (BCs) in Financial Services – Reaching in Unreached Rural Areas – A Case Study in Tamil Nadu

BCs are honest workers working in rural India, elevating the country from the viewpoint of financial services to world-level recognition in terms of financial inclusion by opening bank accounts and collecting deposits, as well as other financial services having networks with commercial banks. As per the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) FY22 annual report, the total number of business correspondents in villages has increased from more than 11.9 lakh in 2020 to 18.44 lakh in 2021, reflecting the penetration and scale that banks generate partnering with BCs. Ultimately, the rural people who opened a bank account under PMJDY got the benefit. With this background, the study has attempted to study the role played by the BCs in rural areas and to find the problems faced by the BCs, especially women, while rendering services. This present research is carried out based on a case study method and is descriptive in nature. The study was undertaken purposefully in two districts of Tamil Nadu, Dharmapuri and Dindigul. In Dharmapuri, the Indian Bank Morappur Branch and in Dindigul District, the Canara Bank Gandhigram Branch have been selected for the study. It was concluded that the average salary for the BCs here ranges between Rs. 3000 and Rs. 6000. It should be increased considerably; otherwise, the BCs will try to charge additional money from the account holder for their doorstep services. Adopting the BC model in the cooperative sector leads to faster financial inclusion.

Emotional Bank Account of Postgraduate Students – A Case Study

Building relationships is referred to as increasing one's emotional bank account. The emotional bank account ultimately serves as a sign of a strong relationship. The level of trust developed in a relationship is best described by Stephen Covey using the metaphor of an "Emotional Bank Account." One of the most effective and enduring ideas about developing relationships based on trust is this one. Students must have strong relationships with many different people because this reduces the possibility of loneliness and despair. The overall aim of the study is to evaluate postgraduate students' emotional bank account balances and to investigate the emotional bank account nature through postgraduate students of the education department. This research is descriptive in nature. A sample of 34 postgraduate students was chosen. The technique of purposive sampling is used to choose them. In this study, a self-made questionnaire was used. The validity of the questionnaire is evaluated using an expert's judgment. This test consists of 31 items in total, 15 of which are positive and 16 of which are negative. Every item has three choices, including, Always, Sometimes, and Never. According to the study's findings, 41.17% of postgraduate students have high emotional bank accounts, while 58.83% have medium ones. In this study found that postgraduate students have an average Emotional Bank Account.

THE ROLE OF BOARD STRUCTURES IN INCREASING BANK ACCOUNTABILITY: GLOBAL EXPERIENCE

The governance of banking institutions plays a critical role in the stability and integrity of financial systems globally. The structure of the board of directors significantly influences how banks manage risks, comply with regulations, and align operations with the interests of shareholders and other stakeholders. Understanding how board structures differ across regulatory and cultural landscapes is crucial for enhancing bank accountability and performance. This article aims to critically evaluate how various board structures impact the accountability of banking institutions across different global contexts. The goal is to identify effective governance practices that can be adapted to improve bank accountability worldwide. Employing a comparative case study methodology, this research analyzes board structures in banking institutions across continents including North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America. Data from primary sources like interviews and secondary sources such as regulatory documents and academic articles are synthesized to assess the impact of board configurations on governance and accountability. The analysis reveals that effective board structures often include a high proportion of independent directors, robust audit and risk committees, and a commitment to diversity, which correlate with enhanced accountability and financial performance. However, variations exist due to cultural, economic, and regulatory differences that influence board effectiveness across regions. The findings suggest that while there is a global trend towards standardizing governance practices, local adaptations remain essential. The study recommends that banks and regulators focus on enhancing board independence, diversifying board composition, and strengthening risk oversight to improve governance frameworks. Future governance models should incorporate a dynamic approach to adapt to technological advancements, economic shifts, and societal expectations, ensuring that banking institutions can effectively meet emerging challenges and opportunities.

Impact of Consumer and FinTech Characteristics on FinTech Resistance: A Study from User Perspective

The study's objectives are to identify the characteristics of customers and FinTech apps that resist using FinTech services in the era of technology. Consumer characteristics studied in this study were consumer-perceived digital self-efficacy and consumer-perceived digital knowledge. FinTech characteristics were perceived digital security concerns and perceived digital complexity. Moreover, the research aimed to determine if consumers' techno-stress moderates the relationship between consumer characteristics and their resistance to FinTech. The model was supported by innovation resistance theory. Convenience sampling was used to gather data from 384 bank account holders from Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Adapted questionnaires with five-point Likert scales for each variable were used. Results indicated that all consumer characteristics have a negative and significant relationship with FinTech resistance. However, among FinTech characteristics, only perceived digital complexity positively influenced FinTech resistance, and the impact of perceived digital complexity was not found on FinTech resistance. The moderating role of techno-stress among all consumer characteristics and FinTech resistance was supported. The Moderating role of techno-stress was supported between FinTech characteristics i.e. perceived digital security and FinTech resistance but not supported between perceived digital concern and FinTech resistance. The findings suggest that educational initiatives, such as workshops, seminars, and online resources, can empower users with knowledge about FinTech solutions, thereby reducing perceived risk and resistance. Regular app reviews will help the organization adapt to evolving challenges and best practices in FinTech adoption.

AN ANALYSIS OF OVERALL TECHNICAL, PURE AND SCALE EFFICIENCIES OF RICE FARMS IN SATKHIRA DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH: A DATA ENVELOPMENT APPROACH

This study measures efficiency of Aman rice farms and assesses the effect of farm-specific variables on the efficiencies using cross-section data in Bangladesh. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) method is used to measure the efficiency levels of Aman rice farms in Bangladesh. We used multi-stage sampling technique to collect the data of 455 rice farms using face to face interview method. The results show that the mean overall technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency are 0.75, 0.91, and 0.83, respectively. The beauty of this article is the use of scale efficiency which identifies the three different stages of production. The finding of the scale efficiency shows that about 0.89 percent of the Aman rice farm is operating at economies of scale that is really higher than optimal level. The Tobit regression model is employed in order to assess the cause of inefficiencies of rice farms. The results of Tobit regression implies that agriculture policy variable, farmers having bank account for receiving government agricultural assistance, positively relates to the technical efficiency of Aman rice farms. The policy implication of these findings implies government assistance such as cash incentive, and extension service need to be extended and implemented with proper targeting.

Migration of House Banks in S/4HANA

SAP S/4HANA Cash Management’s one of the core functionalities is “Bank Relationship Management”. Finance Managers can centralize bank accounts using bank account master data. SAP S/4HANA Customers can also use workflow processes for opening, changing, closing bank account Master data. This provides companies relief from seeking approval thru emails and can get rid of the tedious manual approval processes when creating, changing, closing a bank account Master data. So, we don’t lose any information and achieve harmonization.

Impact of Institutions on Financial Inclusion in Africa

Abstract Financial inclusion, for which the keystone is access to a bank account, is crucial to overcome the socioeconomic backwardness of African countries and to improve the African societies’ well-being. The study concentrates on this continent to better understand the nature of its development in terms of financial inclusion. The research aims to identify the institutions’ impact on financial inclusion in 35 African countries in the years 2010-2019. The analysis is based on a panel model with fixed individual effects. Novelty of the study rests in incorporation of four institutional variables: constraints on the executive, resolving insolvency, property rights, and WGI. The results showed a positive and statistically significant impact of resolving insolvency on financial inclusion (a measure covering people with financial institution accounts) across the entire sample. However, this relationship is especially visible in more developed countries, while constraints on the executive turned out to be crucial for low-income countries. Another novelty of the study is creation of an index of financial inclusion covering Mobile Money which was used to verify the obtained results. In this case, no positive impact of any institutional variable was identified which may mean that a favourable institutional environment is not required for the development of Mobile Money.

Detection of Phishing Websites by Using URL Analysis

Abstract: In recent years, with the increasing use of mobile devices, there is a growing trend to move almost all real-world operations to the cyberworld. Although this makes easy our daily lives, it also brings many security breaches due to the anonymous structure of the Internet. Used antivirus programs and firewall systems can prevent most of the attacks. However, experienced attackers target on the weakness of the computer users by trying to phish them with bogus webpages. These pages imitate some popular banking, social media, e-commerce, etc. sites to steal some sensitive information such as, user-ids, passwords, bank account, credit card numbers, etc. Phishing detection is a challenging problem, and many different solutions are proposed in the market as a blacklist, rule-based detection, anomaly-based detection, etc. In the literature, it is seen that current works tend on the use of machine learning-based anomaly detection due to its dynamic structure, especially for catching the “zero-day” attacks. In this paper, we proposed a machine learning-based phishing detection system by using eight different algorithms to analyse the URLs, and three different datasets to compare the results with other works. The experimental results depict that the proposed models have an outstanding performance with a success rate.

What Factors Do Customers Consider Before Deciding To Open A Bank Account?

The purpose of this study is to determine how bank personnel' communication and understanding, as well as the telemarketing strategies used by banks, can affect consumers' decisions to open accounts. The study's participants were patrons of both commercial and state-owned banks (X and Y). 205 participants made up the sample that was gathered through incidental sampling. Questionnaires were distributed between November and December of 2023. The SmartPLS data analysis approach was applied. The findings demonstrate that the three independent research variables—communication, knowledge, and telemarketing—have an impact on consumers' decisions to open bank accounts. By concentrating on this, the company will be able to increase sales and long-term business growth, especially in the area of acquiring new customers.