Bangor University Research Articles

Briefing: Young Coastal Scientists and Engineers Conference 2012

The 24 papers and posters presented at the eighth Young Coastal Scientists and Engineers Conference held at Bangor University in April 2012 were of a high standard, typical of that expected at a leading international conference. They gave a good indication of the breadth of basic and applied research currently being pursued in UK universities and consultancies. Papers covered a wide range of topics, including coastal management, shelf sea turbulence, renewable energy, cliff erosion, sediment transport, morphological modelling, nutrient and pollution transport, and scour protection, to mention but a few. This briefing reproduces the abstracts of the two Keynote lectures and of three presentations judged by the organising committee to be of particular merit. The next UK Young Coastal Scientists and Engineers Conference will be organised by Marine Scotland in Aberdeen in spring 2013.

DAVID H. PRICE, Johannes Reuchlin and the Campaign to Destroy Jewish Books.

Journal Article David H. Price, Johannes Reuchlin and the Campaign to Destroy Jewish Books. Get access David H. Price, Johannes Reuchlin and the Campaign to Destroy Jewish Books. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2011. Pp. ix+355. Price: £40.00 hardback. ISBN: 978-0-19-539421-4. Gareth Lloyd Jones Gareth Lloyd Jones Bangor University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Semitic Studies, Volume 58, Issue 2, Autumn 2013, Pages 421–423, https://doi.org/10.1093/jss/fgt018 Published: 08 July 2013

Should we be gritting pavements to prevent pedestrian injuries?

Unintentional injuries are an important public health issue, and are a significant burden on health and social services, especially during the winter months. Dr Rob Atenstaedt, Consultant in Public Health Medicine, Public Health Wales & Honorary Senior Lecturer, Bangor University and Professor Michael Rees, University Director of Medical Development & Professor of Cardiovascular Studies, Bangor University look at the importance of pavement gritting in preventing injuries and falls in pedestrians.

Marine fungi may benefit from ocean acidification

AME Aquatic Microbial Ecology Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsSpecials AME 69:59-67 (2013) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01622 Marine fungi may benefit from ocean acidification Evamaria Krause1,*, Antje Wichels1, Luis Giménez2, Gunnar Gerdts1 1Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Kurpromenade 201, 27498 Helgoland, Germany 2School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University UK, Askew Street, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK *Email: evamaria.krause@awi.de ABSTRACT: Recent studies have discussed the consequences of ocean acidification for bacterial processes and diversity. However, the decomposition of complex substrates in marine environments, a key part of the flow of energy in ecosystems, is largely mediated by marine fungi. Although marine fungi have frequently been reported to prefer low pH levels, this group has been neglected in ocean acidification research. We present the first investigation of direct pH effects on marine fungal abundance and community structure. In microcosm experiments repeated in 2 consecutive years, we incubated natural North Sea water for 4 wk at in situ seawater pH (8.10 and 8.26), pH 7.82 and pH 7.67. Fungal abundance was determined by colony forming unit (cfu) counts, and fungal community structure was investigated by the culture-independent fingerprint method Fungal Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (F-ARISA). Furthermore, pH at the study site was determined over a yearly cycle. Fungal cfu were on average 9 times higher at pH 7.82 and 34 times higher at pH 7.67 compared to in situ seawater pH, and we observed fungal community shifts predominantly at pH 7.67. Currently, surface seawater pH at Helgoland Roads remains >8.0 throughout the year; thus we cannot exclude that fungal responses may differ in regions regularly experiencing lower pH values. However, our results suggest that under realistic levels of ocean acidification, marine fungi will reach greater importance in marine biogeochemical cycles. The rise of this group of organisms will affect a variety of biotic interactions in the sea. KEY WORDS: pH reduction · F-ARISA · Helgoland Roads · Microcosms Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Krause E, Wichels A, Giménez L, Gerdts G (2013) Marine fungi may benefit from ocean acidification. Aquat Microb Ecol 69:59-67. https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01622 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in AME Vol. 69, No. 1. Online publication date: April 17, 2013 Print ISSN: 0948-3055; Online ISSN: 1616-1564 Copyright © 2013 Inter-Research.

TRANSFOR-M: A unique transatlantic forestry Master program leading to a dual European and Canadian degree

To educate their students in modern sustainable forest and environmental management approaches sensitive to cultural and situational differences, three Canadian (Alberta, British Columbia, New Brunswick) and four European (Albert-Ludwigs- Universität, Freiburg, Germany; University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden; and Bangor University, Wales) universities have developed a new transatlantic forestry Master program leading to a dual European and Canadian post-graduate degree (TRANSFOR-M). The two-year English language program has the following key characteristics: 1) the optimal use of expertise at partner institutions to deliver effective, globally oriented programs in forestry and environmental management; 2) one intensive language course in the language of the host country for the Canadian students; 3) e-learning courses accessible among all partner institutions (and once tested through TRANSFOR-M, to a broader audience); 4) a “thesis” or research project report that is co-supervised by both a Canadian and a European professor; 5) access to work internships to provide practical experience in an international context and increase the employability of the graduate students and 6) two mandatory three-week field courses (one across the four European countries and one across the three Canadian provinces), where all program participants meet.

Evidence of trawl disturbance on mega-epibenthic communities in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 475:101-117 (2013) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10115 Evidence of trawl disturbance on mega-epibenthic communities in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea M. Cristina Mangano1,2,*, Michel J. Kaiser2, Erika M. D. Porporato1, Nunziacarla Spanò1 1Dipartimento di Biologia Animale ed Ecologia Marina, Università degli Studi di Messina 98166, Messina, Italy 2School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, LL59 5AB Menai Bridge, Anglesey, UK *Email: mmangano@unime.it ABSTRACT: Bottom trawling has direct impacts on benthic communities. These impacts are modified by the environmental context in which they occur. Communities that occur in habitats subjected to low levels of natural disturbance are considered to be the most vulnerable to bottom trawling. The present study examined the impact of otter trawl fisheries on epifaunal assemblages of the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea (Central Mediterranean Sea), across the continental shelf and down to the meso-bathyal plain. Using a long time-series of non-target epifaunal species collected by experimental otter trawl surveys, differences in assemblage structure and composition were detected among areas that experienced different levels of fishing intensity relative to Fishery Exclusion Zones. Areas that experienced the highest levels of trawling had a significantly lower abundance of crinoids and ophiuroids; the former are important structuring fauna. The epifaunal assemblage composition in the areas that had been subjected to the heaviest levels of fishing activity were characterised by a greater number of scavenging species that are resilient to the effects of fishing. Although the heavily trawled areas had higher diversity than the less heavily fished areas, this was associated with the absence of K-selected species such as crinoids and dominance by r‑selected scavenging biota. KEY WORDS: Trawling · Impact · Disturbance · Crinoids · Continental shelf · Continental slope Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Mangano MC, Kaiser MJ, Porporato EMD, Spanò N (2013) Evidence of trawl disturbance on mega-epibenthic communities in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 475:101-117. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10115 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 475. Online publication date: February 14, 2013 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2013 Inter-Research.

Editorial Issue 24.1

This issue contains five regular papers. Ahmad Abdul Karim, Thibaut Gaudin, Alexandre Meyer, Axel Buendia and Saïda Bouakaz, from Université Lyon 1 and Spir.Ops in France, present a fully procedural method capable of generating in real time a wide range of locomotion for multi-legged characters in a dynamic environment, without using any motion data. Their system consists of several independent blocks: a character controller, a gait/tempo manager, a 3D path constructor and a footprints planner. The four modules work cooperatively to calculate in real time the footprints and the 3D trajectories of the feet and the pelvis. The system can animate dozens of creatures using dedicated level of detail techniques and is totally controllable allowing the user to design a multitude of locomotion styles through a user-friendly interface. In the second paper, Amit Kumar and Aparajita Ojha, from PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology in Jabalpur, in India, propose a new approach to natural path planning by adding wavelet noise to a path generated using subdivision-based corridor map method. Because wavelet noise is almost perfectly band-limited and provides good details with minimal aliasing effects, the resulting path becomes smoother and more natural. Moreover, by appropriately choosing the levels of down/up sampling in the wavelet noise generation algorithm, frequency of wavelet noise can be adjusted. This serves as an effective tool in bringing variations in path as per the requirement. The third paper by Yanzhen Wang, Yueshan Xiong, Kai Xu and Dong Liu, from National University of Defense Technology in Changsha, Hunan, in China, describes a surgical procedure simulation system for the training of arthroscopic ACL reconstruction involving operations such as puncturing, probing, incision and drilling. In this system, the authors employ a linear elastic finite element method and position-based dynamics for deformable modelling. Simplified vertex duplicating method and an implementation of real-time Boolean operations are proposed for the topological change of tissue models involved in the incision simulation and tunnel construction. Two specially designed force-feedback models are introduced for the haptic rendering of probing and drilling operations. In the fourth paper by Siddharth Hegde, Christos Gatzidis and Feng Tian, from Bournemouth University, in UK, look at the different methods presented over the past few decades that attempted to recreate digital paintings. Whereas previous surveys concentrate on the broader subject of non-photorealistic rendering, the focus of this paper is firmly placed on painterly rendering techniques. The authors compare different methods used to produce different output painting styles such as abstract, colour pencil, watercolour, oriental, oil and pastel. Although some methods demand a high level of interaction using a skilled artist, others require simple parameters provided by a user with little or no artistic experience. The last paper by Llyr ap Cenydd and Bill Teahan, from Bangor University, in UK, describes a system for dynamically animating the locomotive behaviour of arthropods in real time, facilitating realistic and autonomous traversal across an arbitrary environment. By combining a de-centralized reactive behavioural model with a hybrid approach to motion that utilizes the comparative advantages of physical simulation and kinematic control, the system is capable of automatically generating complex organic motion over a wide range of surface features, independent of structural complexity. The reactive embodiment of the creature, combined with the physical simulation of the virtual world enables emergent behaviours to form that are entirely based on circumstance, including rigid-body interaction, grip recovery and adaptive wall climbing.

Do medial temporal lobe regions play a domain-specific or domain-independent role in perceptual learning performance?

Event Abstract Back to Event Do medial temporal lobe regions play a domain-specific or domain-independent role in perceptual learning performance? Matthew E. Mundy1*, Paul Downing2, Rob Honey3, Dominic Dwyer3 and Kim Graham3 1 Monash University, Australia 2 Bangor University, United Kingdom 3 Cardiff University, United Kingdom Background It is contentious whether structures in the human medial temporal lobe (MTL) play a domain-specific or domain-independent role in learning and memory. Perceptual learning has been used as a tool to investigate this critical cognitive junction. Methods In a series of event related fMRI experiments, participants made repeated same/different judgements to previously seen and initially novel confusable pairs of dot patterns, faces and complex scenes. Using a series of orthogonal, and independent, functional localisers, clusters of stimulus-selective, novelty-sensitive voxels were identified in two medial temporal regions (perirhinal cortex and posterior hippocampus), and two extrastriate regions (fusiform face area, FFA, and parahippocampal place area, PPA). We asked how activity in these regions was influenced by discrimination accuracy and by trial repetition (e.g., adaptation). Results In contrast to FFA and PPA, which only cared about preferred category, activity in perirhinal cortex and posterior hippocampus predicted discrimination accuracy for faces and scenes, respectively. MTL regions also adapted less rapidly than extrastriate areas over trial repetition, with difference emerging between extrastriate and MTL regions after 8 repetitions. Structural differences were also recorded in these regions, along with caudate and thalamic areas; the size of these differences correlated with performance. Discussion These findings, supported by our recent work with MTL lesioned patients and a second fMRI investigation directly modulating stimulus ambiguity, show that domain-specific patterns of responding in the human brain are not just restricted to extrastriate cortex, and highlight a key role for perirhinal cortex and posterior hippocampus, but not FFA and PPA, in storing feature ambiguous representations of faces and scenes, respectively. Keywords: faces, scenes, Perceptual Learning, Memory, Amnesia, Medial Temporal Lobes, fMRI Conference: ACNS-2013 Australasian Cognitive Neuroscience Society Conference, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia, 28 Nov - 1 Dec, 2013. Presentation Type: Oral Topic: Memory Citation: Mundy ME, Downing P, Honey R, Dwyer D and Graham K (2013). Do medial temporal lobe regions play a domain-specific or domain-independent role in perceptual learning performance?. Conference Abstract: ACNS-2013 Australasian Cognitive Neuroscience Society Conference. doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2013.212.00192 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 15 Oct 2013; Published Online: 25 Nov 2013. * Correspondence: Dr. Matthew E Mundy, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, matthew.mundy@monash.edu Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Matthew E Mundy Paul Downing Rob Honey Dominic Dwyer Kim Graham Google Matthew E Mundy Paul Downing Rob Honey Dominic Dwyer Kim Graham Google Scholar Matthew E Mundy Paul Downing Rob Honey Dominic Dwyer Kim Graham PubMed Matthew E Mundy Paul Downing Rob Honey Dominic Dwyer Kim Graham Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Introduction to Volume 4, Issue 4 of topiCS

In this issue, we introduce two new topics for topiCS and revisit, very briefly, a third. “Music Cognition and the Cognitive Sciences” is our first new topic. Topic Editors Martin Rohrmeier (Freie Universität Berlin) and Patrick Rebuschat (Bangor University, UK) pose the question “Why should music be of interest to cognitive scientists?” and have assembled an exciting collection of researchers who address different parts of this question. We are sure that many of our colleagues, especially those who see language as the queen of all cognitive skills, will find much to be gained from the papers of this topic. Although aspects of the topic addressed by Joshua Ian Davis (Barnard College of Columbia University) and Arthur B. Markman (University of Texas at Austin) have been addressed in other topics (see, most notably, volume 1, issue 2 for the Galantucci and Sebanz topic on Joint Action), this is the first topic in this journal to directly address “Embodied Cognition as a Practical Paradigm,” and they have assembled an all-star cast of researchers to help them do so. The breadth of expertise is extraordinary and will help move forward the debate on the contribution of theories of embodiment to cognitive science. Our third topic is a brief revisit to the topic published in our last issue (volume 4, issue 3), “Should Anthropology Be Part of Cognitive Science?” (edited by Sieghard Beller, Andrea Bender, and Douglas L. Medin). In this issue, topiCS publishes its first letter, from Professor David B. Kronenfeld (University of California, Riverside), on the subject of “Anthropology and Cognitive Science.”topiCS exists to encourage dialog among the diverse communities of Cognitive Science, and we encourage more of our community to comment on this and other topics, in this and other issues. As always, topiCS encourages commentaries and new topics. Send your commentaries directly to me at grayw@rpi.edu along with a short note. If you are proposing a topic, please open communications with a short first note (about 300–650 words or fewer) and be sure to consult the topiCS FAQ page, http://csjarchive.cogsci.rpi.edu/topiCS/FAQs.html, for Preparing a Proposal for topiCS.

The contribution of resilience to healthy ageing

Gill Windle from the Dementia Services Development Centre at Bangor University looks at the role of resilience in healthy ageing Global demographic changes in the ageing population have made healthy ageing policy an international priority.i Policymakers recognise that healthy, independent, and active ageing can enhance individual lives, negate the social and economic implications of an ageing population, and potentially reduce public spending on services. More recently, interest has been placed on the importance of good mental health, wellbeing and the role of resilience.2,3,4 Resilience certainly seems to be a 'buzz' word at the moment. Although resilience research can be traced back at least five decades (see Luthar5 for review), a large proportion of this work is derived from the discipline of developmental psychology, and has mainly been undertaken with children and adolescents. Far less is known about the determinants of resilience in adulthood and later life, especially when faced with a prolonged and significant exposure to an adversity, such as chronic illness. What is resilience? Resilience is the process of negotiating, managing and adapting to significant sources of stress or trauma. Figure 1 gives an example of a resilience framework, and demonstrates how assets and resources within the individual, their life and environment facilitate this capacity for adaptation and 'bouncing back' in the face of adversity.6 This definition acknowledges key features of resilience; the encounter with adversity (e.g. ill-health); the ability to resist and adapt to the adversity (drawing on resources); and the avoidance of a negative outcome, or the maintenance of mental health. An important thing to grasp is that resilience is not necessarily about superior functioning or flourishing, it is about doing okay, or better than could be expected, given the individual circumstances. In many instances the risk or adversity is not an isolated event that the person is able to actively change. For example, a common adversity in studies of resilient children and adolescents is poverty and deprivation. From a life course perspective poverty and deprivation can persist. However, as adults develop there are a number of other adverse occurrences that create irreversible losses, such as bereavement of friends and relatives, unemployment, and the onset of physical ill-health or the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. How can resilience be promoted? In general, human beings (along with families and communities) have the capacity to respond well to adversity, but not everyone develops the abilities to do so.7 Resilience is not necessarily a rare occurrence, at least not in children, and has been described as 'ordinary magic'.8 So how can resilience be promoted? As part of the work programme of the Resilience and Healthy Ageing Network1 a scoping review of resilience interventions found very few peer reviewed publications of interventions that promote resilience in relation to health outcomes (mental and physical), especially in relation to older people. The lack of identified peer-reviewed papers reflects the results of an earlier review of children and adolescent resilience.9 They note: 'the literature on resilience promotion, while empirically based, includes relatively few accounts of conscious and specific strategies used to promote resilience, and fewer still that have been subject to a robust evaluation using controlled trials'. It would appear there is a need for further development and refinement of interventions to promote resilience, especially within later life, and within the UK the Medical Research Council's Lifelong Health and Well-Being Programme recently funded research with resilience as a key area. However given the current lack of evidence for the direct promotion of resilience, what can interested practitioners do? Qualitative research from Canada suggests people/organizations may be already engaged in delivering services that promote resilience, but not necessarily aware that they are doing so. …

Briefing: Young Coastal Scientists and Engineers Conference 2011

The 7th UK Young Coastal Scientists and Engineers Conference welcomed 60 scientists and engineers to come together and discuss coastal research. The conference was hosted by the National Oceanography Centre in Liverpool, 30–31 March 2011. Early career practitioners and researchers presented 42 short papers on a range of topics driven by current issues addressed by UK universities, government agencies and consultancies. Although all presentations had a coastal theme, content varied from small-scale processes to regional-scale monitoring and management, covering topics such as structure impact, sediment transport, morphology, waves, currents, ecology, oxygen, estuarine systems, stratification, modelling, observation, ice, renewables and extreme events. This paper presents the keynote lecture and six abstracts considered to be of particular merit by the panel of judges. The conference continues to travel the UK and will be held at Bangor University in 2012.

Edwards, Noreen

Noreen Edwards (née Thomas), who has died aged 85, was active in the RCN for many years, chairing the college's council and Welsh board. Her name will live on through the Noreen Edwards chair at Bangor University in north Wales.

Object information in the brain

Event Abstract Back to Event Object information in the brain Chris Davis1*, Tim Paris1, Bronson Harry2 and Jeesun Kim1 1 University of Western Sydney, MARCS Institute, Australia 2 Bangor University, School of Psychology, United Kingdom We used a gradual ‘unmasking’ procedure and functional magnetic resonance imaging of twelve participants to study the processing of gradually revealed primed and non-primed objects. Objects belonged to several board categories (e.g., buildings, faces, shoes) and the participant’s task was to correctly classify the object as it was slowly unmasked (accuracy was emphasized). Priming was induced by pre-exposing participants to non-degraded images. To determine at what stage and which brain regions process information about stimuli we used machine learning algorithms to classify the ensemble voxel activation patterns with respect to the labelled object categories. We found a priming effect on the object classification latencies that was partially mirrored in voxel activation patterns. Further, the machine classification results suggest that information about an object’s category is available before overt recognition. Keywords: fMRI, object recognition, priming, neural decoding, Vision Conference: ACNS-2012 Australasian Cognitive Neuroscience Conference, Brisbane, Australia, 29 Nov - 2 Dec, 2012. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Sensation and Perception Citation: Davis C, Paris T, Harry B and Kim J (2012). Object information in the brain. Conference Abstract: ACNS-2012 Australasian Cognitive Neuroscience Conference. doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2012.208.00195 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 25 Oct 2012; Published Online: 23 Nov 2012. * Correspondence: Prof. Chris Davis, University of Western Sydney, MARCS Institute, Sydney, Australia, chris.davis@westernsydney.edu.au Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Chris Davis Tim Paris Bronson Harry Jeesun Kim Google Chris Davis Tim Paris Bronson Harry Jeesun Kim Google Scholar Chris Davis Tim Paris Bronson Harry Jeesun Kim PubMed Chris Davis Tim Paris Bronson Harry Jeesun Kim Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Influence of Modest Changes in Whole-Body Hydration on Tear Fluid Osmolarity: Important Considerations for Dry Eye Disease Detection

*College of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor United Kingdom †Department of Ophthalmology Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Retinology and Biomicroscopic Lasersurgery Rudolf Foundation Clinic Vienna, Austria; Center of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Medical University of Vienna Vienna, Austria

Mapping stakeholder values for coastal zone management

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 434:239-249 (2011) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09136 Mapping stakeholder values for coastal zone management A. Ruiz-Frau1,*, G. Edwards-Jones2, M. J. Kaiser1 1School of Ocean Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, LL59 5AB, UK 2School of the Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, College of Natural Science, Bangor University, LL57 2UW, UK *Email: aina.ruiz@gmail.com ABSTRACT: There is a growing recognition of the need to incorporate multiple values in environmental management plans. While biological and, increasingly, economic values are considered in the design of management strategies, community or stakeholder values are not often taken into account. We mapped stakeholders’ values for marine ecosystems and assessed their preferences for the location and type of marine protected areas (MPAs) around the coast of Wales (UK). Stakeholders were chosen to represent a comprehensive range of interests in the marine environment. Fourteen different types of value were identified by stakeholders. The spatial distribution of the different values attached to the marine environment was ascertained; this revealed the existence of areas where multiple values overlapped. Results indicated that areas perceived as ecologically important also possessed high heritage and leisure values. When locating MPAs, stakeholders balanced conservation needs with societal demands by protecting areas identified as ecologically important while avoiding those areas where restrictions could have a considerable impact on society. Data suggested a preference for MPAs that permitted a range of adequately regulated anthropogenic activities. The distribution of stakeholders’ values and the identification of areas of multiple value help managers to understand the potential consequences of particular management strategies, and allow them to be aware of the location of areas where greater consideration is required when designing management plans, as multiple interests may overlap. Thus, mapping stakeholders’ values in the marine environment provides a useful tool for identifying areas better suited for specific management regulations and for the development of comprehensive marine spatial plans, as these require the understanding of the spatial heterogeneity of the different ecosystem components including both ecological and human elements. KEY WORDS: Ecosystem service · Marine spatial planning · Marine protected area · Community values Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Ruiz-Frau A, Edwards-Jones G, Kaiser MJ (2011) Mapping stakeholder values for coastal zone management. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 434:239-249. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09136 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 434. Online publication date: July 28, 2011 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2011 Inter-Research.

Early electro-cortical correlates of inspection time task performance

The concept of general intelligence ( g) summarizes the well established finding that scores on separate cognitive tasks are positively correlated, indicating a trait common to many aspects of information processing. Inspection time is a well-established correlate of IQ, where those of a higher IQ can correctly identify a briefly presented stimulus with a greater level of accuracy than those of a lower IQ. This study used two age-matched samples, selected on the basis of their scores on Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices from the undergraduate population of Bangor University. In order to address the confound of inspection time and IQ of previous ITT-ERP research, each participant of the presented study performed an IT task with the same five levels of stimulus duration while undergoing 64-channel EEG recording. The high IQ group made significantly fewer errors at each level of stimulus duration and exhibited a significantly larger N1 response. N1 latency and other ERP components did not distinguish the two IQ groups. Given the specificity of ERP group differences to the N1, the results of the present study suggest that the link between IT performance and g is attributable to individual differences in directing attention to a spatial region.

Diane M. Williams and John R. Kenyon, eds., The Impact of the Edwardian Castles in Wales. The proceedings of a conference held at Bangor University, 7–9 September 2007. Oxford and Oakville, Conn.: Oxbow Books, 2010. Pp. xi, 211 plus 16 color plates; frontispiece map and many black-and-white figures. $70. Distributed in the U.S. by the David Brown Book Co., 28

Diane M. Williams and John R. Kenyon, eds., <i>The Impact of the Edwardian Castles in Wales</i>. The proceedings of a conference held at Bangor University, 7–9 September 2007. Oxford and Oakville, Conn.: Oxbow Books, 2010. Pp. xi, 211 plus 16 color plates; frontispiece map and many black-and-white figures. $70. Distributed in the U.S. by the David Brown Book Co., 28

Drag reduction by air release promotes fast ascent in jumping emperor penguins—a novel hypothesis

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 430:171-182 (2011) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08868 Drag reduction by air release promotes fast ascent in jumping emperor penguins—a novel hypothesis John Davenport1,*, Roger N. Hughes2, Marc Shorten1, Poul S. Larsen3 1Department of Zoology, Ecology and Plant Science, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland 2School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Fluid Mechanics Section, Technical University of Denmark, Building 403, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark *Email: j.davenport@ucc.ie ABSTRACT: To jump out of water onto sea ice, emperor penguins must achieve sufficient underwater speed to overcome the influence of gravity when they leave the water. The relevant combination of density and kinematic viscosity of air is much lower than for water. Injection of air into boundary layers (‘air lubrication’) has been used by engineers to speed movement of vehicles (ships, torpedoes) through sea water. Analysis of published and unpublished underwater film leads us to present a hypothesis that free-ranging emperor penguins employ air lubrication in achieving high, probably maximal, underwater speeds (mean ± SD: 5.3 ± 1.01 m s–1), prior to jumps. Here we show evidence that penguins dive to 15 to 20 m with air in their plumage and that this compressed air is released as the birds subsequently ascend whilst maintaining depressed feathers. Fine bubbles emerge continuously from the entire plumage, forming a smooth layer over the body and generating bubbly wakes behind the penguins. In several hours of film of hundreds of penguins, none were seen to swim rapidly upwards without bubbly wakes. Penguins descend and swim horizontally at about 2 m s–1; from simple physical models and calculations presented, we hypothesize that a significant proportion of the enhanced ascent speed is due to air lubrication reducing frictional and form drag, that ­buoyancy forces alone cannot explain the observed speeds, and that cavitation plays no part in ­bubble formation. KEY WORDS: Emperor penguins · Air lubrication · Bubbly wakes · Jumping Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Davenport J, Hughes RN, Shorten M, Larsen PS (2011) Drag reduction by air release promotes fast ascent in jumping emperor penguins—a novel hypothesis. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 430:171-182. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08868 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 430. Online publication date: May 26, 2011 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2011 Inter-Research.

Critical Reflection on Creative Collaborations: Imagining the Image and Wording the Work

This article is based on a presentation at Great Writing 2010, the international creative writing conference held in Bangor University entitled ‘Imagining The Image and Wording The Work: The Creative and Critical in Painting and Writing in the Twenty-First Century.’ The paper examined the creative forms of painting and jewellery making to see if these processes – understood in purely creative/product terms – could be applied to and compared to writing – traditionally understood in creative/critical terms. The creative process and the resulting application through a series of interactive exercises experimented with the notion that there is no waste in creativity and that the collaborative process is circular. The audience, like the writer and the artist, became both spectator and practitioner. The authors critically reflect on the experiences of collaborating in the research, the presentation and the collaboration with the audience members to whom the presentation was made and with whom several interactive exercises were performed. Both the images of the paintings and the jewellery as well as a selection of audience and Karen Lee Street's texts are included. It is hoped that in critically reflecting on the creative process further, inspiration and ideas for collaborative work in terms of both teaching and writing practice can be gleaned.

Surpassing the average ? an ica-based approach to the electrophysiological basis of intra-subject variability

Event Abstract Back to Event Surpassing the average – an ica-based approach to the electrophysiological basis of intra-subject variability Christoph Klein1*, Christopher Saville1 and Bernd Feige2 1 Bangor University, United Kingdom 2 University of Freiburg, Germany Recent years have witnessed the change of Intra-Subject Variability (ISV) from a badly neglected topic to an emerging research domain in the cognitive, developmental and clinical sciences. The aim of the present study is to contribute to the understanding of ISV, its development and clinical alterations with temporal-spatial analyses of EEG-RT correlations in adults, children, and patients with ADHD. Tweenty three healthy young adults, 25 healthy children and 26 patients with ADHD took four visual choice RT tasks of the 0-back and 1-back type and using jittered (2.0-3.0 sec) versus constant (2.0 sec) SOAs (2x180 trials, 25% targets each). The EEG was recorded from 64 channels using active electrodes and DC amplifiers (DC-250 Hz; Brain Products). Independent Components Analysis (ICA) was employed for artefact correction and single-trial ERP analysis. To obtain temporal-spatial courses of EEG-RT correlations, the individual ICs’ single-trial data points at each latency were correlated with the single-trial RT. EEG-RT correlations were back-projected to the common electrode space using the ICs’ spatial weights, separately for negative versus positive correlations. Results show that negative EEG-RT correlations (high IC amplitudes corresponding to fast RT) rise with changing topographies between 80 and 350 ms post stimulus onset and delayed rising of positive EEG-RT correlations that peak around mean RT in adults. By contrast, children and patients with ADHD show delayed and weakened EEG-RT coupling. The present results suggest that, intra-individually, fast responding is associated with increased electro-cortical activity between 80 and 350 ms and that this brain-behaviour coupling is subject to developmental changes and clinical alterations. Keywords: EEG, Neuropsychiatry Conference: XI International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON XI), Palma, Mallorca, Spain, 25 Sep - 29 Sep, 2011. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Poster Sessions: Quantitative Analysis of EEG, MEG & Brain Oscillations Citation: Klein C, Saville C and Feige B (2011). Surpassing the average – an ica-based approach to the electrophysiological basis of intra-subject variability. Conference Abstract: XI International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience (ICON XI). doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2011.207.00125 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 17 Nov 2011; Published Online: 28 Nov 2011. * Correspondence: Dr. Christoph Klein, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom, c.klein@bangor.ac.uk Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Christoph Klein Christopher Saville Bernd Feige Google Christoph Klein Christopher Saville Bernd Feige Google Scholar Christoph Klein Christopher Saville Bernd Feige PubMed Christoph Klein Christopher Saville Bernd Feige Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.