Bangladesh Perspective Research Articles

An Economic Analysis of Interest Rate Spread in the Commercial Bank of Bangladesh

This study aims to present the discussion on the Interest Rate Spread (IRS) of the commercial banks in Bangladesh perspective. This paper also explains the interest rate spread in the commercial banks of Bangladesh using time series data of 60 banks covering the period of 1976 to 2020. The analysis shows that the higher the non-interest income as a ratio of total assets of a bank, the lower its spread. In this study, I tried to show the relationship among the lending interest rate with broad money, inflation, quasi money, official exchange rate, and personal remittance. Variables are using time series data. Here I used some proxy data of Bangladesh Bank based on the time series data from 1976-2020 periods from world development indicator and also collected data from various publications of Bangladesh Bank and other relative sources. In this paper, I used different statistical tools such as bar graph, pie chart, line bar, column, area, etc. The analyze the money supply and its effect on the interest rate spread in Bangladesh and analyze the official exchange rate and trend on interest rate spread. Here shows the efficiency of the commercial banking sector and hence the economic growth and development of Bangladesh.

Public healthcare facilities and its utilization: Bangladesh perspective

Public healthcare facilities and its utilization: Bangladesh perspective

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Care Providers- Bangladesh Perspective

Abstract not available J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll 2020; 12(2): 61-62

Rehabilitation of COVID 19 Patients, Bangladesh Perspective

The global outbreak of COVID 19 has created an unprecedented challenge to the society. America, Europe and India were catastrophic sufferers from this virus next to China. They had highest number of daily morbidity and mortality in the global context. Bangladesh is facing terrible experiences of dealing with this pandemic and making a tremendous turmoil in health and economic sector. Our healthcare system is overburdened with critically ill patients. Disability arising out of neurological, pulmonary, neuromuscular, and cognitive complications, need to be addressed by rehabilitation professionals. Many patients presenting with COVID-19 will have no specific airway clearance needs.There have been no reports of COVID-19 positive patients having high secretion loads that would require intensive chest physiotherapy or postural drainage. In Bangladesh in ICU settings physiatrist or physiotherapists are not directly involve in respiratory care management. In mild to moderate cases advice about a post-acute care breathing exercises, other musculoskeletal exercises, bed positioning and pressure sore care are helpful. In Bangladesh medical care facilities are not adequate in corona care hospitals especially in peripheral medical college or hospital. Many patients are dying of shortage in oxygen supplies and lack of availability of ICU. Post discharged plans of comprehensive rehabilitation are grossly neglected in discharged certificate. Our national guidelines on corona management do not have any instructions on rehabilitation management at any point. The objectives of this fast review article on corona pandemic are to highlight the global scenario and our limitations in the rehabilitation management of COVID 19 patients particularly post discharged patients and patients with long COVID complications. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2022; 40: 52-56

Determinants of board roles in the banking sector - Bangladesh perspective

The study examines the determinants of board roles (BR) in the banking sector from a developing country - Bangladesh perspective. A measurement instrument is designed based on a comprehensive literature review. Board qualification (BQ), board composition (BC), board independence (BI), governance regulations (GR), and board conflict of interest (BCOI) have been used as determinants for BR. Nineteen latent variables of six constructs have been extracted using factor analysis. The study analyses 728 questionnaire survey responses by using the structural equation modelling (SEM) and finds that BQ, BC, BI, and GR are statistically significant and positively affect BR which indicates these determinants help improve the effectiveness of bank boards. Most importantly, the study finds that BCOI is negatively significant and adversely affects BR and organisational performance (OP) directly and indirectly. This study demonstrates that BCOI is a significant determinant of BR and bank performance in the banking sector of Bangladesh.

Empirical Study on the Informal Cross Border Trade Nexus between Bangladesh-India Land Borders: Bangladesh Perspective

Bangladesh and India are economically and politically significant neighbours in South Asia region. These two countries share one of the most porous borders in the world. Bangladesh inherited disputed border with India as a bequest of the partition in 1947. The problem of faulty demarcation of the border is being addressed since the independence of Bangladesh and with the elapse of time mentionable progress has been made to solve many border related issues. The Border between Bangladesh and India is widely known for its Informal Cross Border Trade activities along with its nexus. This border is a major source of irritant in their mutual ties where informal cross-border trade practices between these two countries continue to persist with serious implications on economic, political and security aspects. This Study attempts to identify and measure the effects of informal cross border trade and its nexus between Bangladesh and India from Bangladesh perspective. To accomplish this, focus group discussion, interviews and survey method have been applied for collecting data. The total sample size is 160. It was found that, informal cross border trade is putting the border management in a challenge. To address this situation, a number of measures have been already taken by both the countries unilaterally as well as unitedly, the outcome of which appears to be positive. Beside the elucidation of the concept of informal cross border trade and the issues that kindle its implementation, this study endeavors to suggest some measures for encumbering this illegal trade practice effectively. Some recommendations are also made in this paper which should be implemented to enhance performance of bona-fide cross border trade that will in turn contribute in further strengthening Border Management between Bangladesh and India.

Exploring the impact of Social Media Platforms on Instigating Tourist’s Emotions and Behavioral Intentions to Co-Create and Visit Tourist Spots- Bangladesh Perspective

Purpose: The study aims to investigate how social media platforms (SMPs) affect the tourist community to evoke emotions and behavioral intention to create tourism value and visit well-known tourist spots in Bangladesh. Methodology: Using 5 points Likert Scale, the survey data of 550 respondents have been collected and analyzed finally and 84 responses have been discarded due to being incomplete in nature. SPSS 23.0 version has been adopted to analyze the variables. Findings: The results show that SMPs significantly affect the emotions of tourists in terms of joy, love, positive surprise, and subsequently drive the behavioral intention of co-creation and visit the preferable tourist spots. In some prior studies, the effect of joy was revealed as insignificant in this regard. However, in this study, the effect of joy is a very significant one to instigate the tourist’s emotions and behavior. Practical Implications: The contribution of this study is mainly two-fold. Firstly, from the theoretical perspective, it has been found that SMPs and destination brand preferences have an insightful relationship. Secondly, the authorities in charge of the destination can concentrate on setting up efficient social media platforms to generate more insightful information about destination brands, leading to the development of feelings and intentions to co-create and visit the spots. Originality: This study has been conducted as our own and not copied from any source. This would add new knowledge to the tourism sectors of Bangladesh focusing on SMPs. Limitations: This study focuses mostly on the people using SMPs to co-create and visit the destinations. The results may not be alike for the people who don’t use SMPs for tourism purposes. The bigger sample size could generate more specific results in this regard. Future research can be conducted focusing on other emotional variables like anxiety, boredom, and well-being.

Prediction of SPAD values for paddy leaves using smartphone-based direct contact imaging method

The Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) value obtained from the SPAD meter is directly related to leaf chlorophyll content. The chlorophyll content is related to nitrogen content means the amount of fertilizer of a crop. Therefore, determining SPAD value is directly involved with crop health. Minolta SPAD meter can directly measure this value, and this is a well-established method in the research field for measuring chlorophyll content. Still, this instrument is too costly, which is beyond a farmers’ reach in the perspective of Bangladesh. The purpose of this study is to predict the SPAD value for paddy leaves using the smartphone-based direct contact imaging method to estimate the chlorophyll content of a paddy leaf. Numerous features were extracted from each image to predict the SPAD values. The features were then used as parameters in the multiple linear regression model. The models' performance was evaluated using images captured from a paddy field using a Minolta SPAD-502 Chlorophyll Meter. The multiple linear regression model's R2 and root mean square error (RMSE) values were 0.71 and 3.6512, respectively. Therefore, this result confirms that the direct digital contact imaging method has the potential to quantify the SPAD value of paddy leaves accurately. However, these results could be more accurate if the image acquisition was made from the seedling to mature stage of the paddy. In the future, an android app will be developed using this value which can directly measure the chlorophyll content of paddy leaves.

Exploring the Nexus between Money Supply and Interest Rates: A Focus on Bangladesh

Theoretically, money supply and interest rates are interrelated. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between money supply and interest rates from the perspective of Bangladesh. Using yearly time series data, this paper employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model and Bound test. The main findings of the study indicate both long-run and short-run positive correlations between these variables. So, to formulate the monetary policy for our country, policymakers should consider the empirical evidence of the positive correlation between money supply and interest rate. This study has significant policy implications for shaping the monetary policy of Bangladesh.

COVID-19 and Sustainable Development Goals: Bangladesh perspective

COVID-19 and Sustainable Development Goals: Bangladesh perspective

Facebook in Bangladesh: Security and Privacy Concerns

Facebook has become a part of most user's life. Information sharing on Facebook is enjoyable, but it comes with a price in terms of security and privacy. This popular social network has experienced a cascade of security flaws and privacy controversies that have occurred nonstop since 2018. This study aims to collect information on the general awareness of how Facebook users use the site and how they manage their privacy and security preferences to safeguard their data and to consolidate information on users' general understanding and worries about their privacy and security on Facebook in Bangladesh perspective. This paper is supported with unique primary data from a survey. There are some varying survey findings. In 68.00% of instances, users have finished customizing their Facebook profiles' pri-vacy settings, which is a significant finding. The most important result is that security and privacy are vital to users, as seen by 68.45% of users who choose not to make their posts public. Another crucial finding is that after establishing their Facebook accounts, 41.03% of users never altered their passwords, even 27% were totally unaware of the system, and 52.60% did not set up 'Get alerts about unrecognized logins'.

Contemporary Geopolitics: A Bangladesh Perspective

Bangladesh emerged as a sovereign country on December 16, 1971 after nine months long brutal war with Pakistan. The thriving South Asian state, once labeled as the ‘bottomless basket’, has transformed itself as a ‘development miracle’. Its geographical proximity and strategic location aided by remarkable economic boom has renewed its geopolitical relevance both within and outside the region. In a changing regional and global geopolitical landscape, Bangladesh faces a number of geopolitical challenges mitigation of which requires cautious endeavors. But Bangladesh as a modern geopolitical entity lacks an astute geopolitical doctrine which can guide itself to neutralize those challenges. This research paper offers the design of a cohesive and relevant geopolitical doctrine that can navigate its geopolitical graduation as a Smart Power and deal with contemporary geopolitical challenges in the coming days.

Resilient mobility and logistics systems for future: Bangladesh Perspective

Resilient mobility and logistics (RML) system is now an emerging concept in the transportation system worldwide. Developing a transportation system is now a global challenge to support the economic development of any country. RML system is now a must to satisfy the mobility needs of its people, and participate in the global economy. This paper is based on secondary data analysis. It investigates how Bangladesh can handle the challenges it is facing now in becoming a developed country by implementing a more resilient mobility and logistics system in the future. It shows the impact of the transport and storage sector on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and economic development of Bangladesh. Besides, it tries to find out the barriers and limitations of the activities implemented till now or accepted and might be implemented in the future. It presents the current scenario of the transportation system of Bangladesh and proposes ways forward to overcome some of these challenges and promote sustainable development in Bangladesh. Under this backdrop, the study also aims to provide some possible solutions which includes implementing smart mobility, zero-emission, smart transport, development of robust modelling for resilience and response to the impacts of COVID-19 on the transportation system of Bangladesh.

COVID-19 and Sustainable Development Goals: Bangladesh perspective

The objective of this study is to evaluate the state of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Bangladesh before the arrival of COVID-19 along with its apparent impact on the accomplishment of SDGs in the future. Data from several national and international sources have been utilised to serve the analytical purpose of the study. Obliteration of the commendable accomplishments regarding some of the SDGs so far and resetting of the goals in terms of precedence are going to be the main consequences of COVID-19 concerning SDGs in Bangladesh which would impede attaining SDGs. However, constrictions in the production of industries along with a massive drop in fossil fuel usage through vehicles would give some respite to nature leading to notable progress regarding SDG 13, SDG 14 and SDG 15. But it would never recompense significantly for the overall effect resulting from COVID-19.

Arbitral Decision in Saipem S.p.A. v. Bangladesh—Perspectives on Judicial Expropriation and Interface Between International Arbitration and Municipal Courts

Arbitral Decision in Saipem S.p.A. v. Bangladesh—Perspectives on Judicial Expropriation and Interface Between International Arbitration and Municipal Courts

A Comprehensive Review on Hazardous Aspects and Management Strategies of Electronic Waste: Bangladesh and Global Perspectives

A Comprehensive Review on Hazardous Aspects and Management Strategies of Electronic Waste: Bangladesh and Global Perspectives

DISSEMINATING TEXTILE SLUDGE INDUCED HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION AND ASSOCIATED HEALTH RISKS IN CONTEXT OF DHAKA, BANGLADESH

This study investigates the present scenario of heavy metal contamination in textile sludge along with their associated health problems, their removal efficiencies, alternative usage, and challenges to handling them in the perspective of Bangladesh. Textile sludge is considered to be the biggest source of hazardous elements and has the potential characteristics to create different diseases in human beings including cancer. Since the sludge is associated with a high load of heavy metals, it poses threat to both environment and human health if they remain untreated in an open environment. The methodology of this study focuses on a systematic review of data related to sludge-induced heavy metal contamination around Dhaka city. Results showed that Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Pb, and Cd were found to be dominant elements in the sludge that may pose serious threats to human health. This study also pointed out some treatment methods to remove heavy metals from textile sludge load, but however, still, there is a long way to implement them on a large scale with reduced economic, health, and environmental costs. This study concludes that further analysis is needed to remove heavy metals and encourages the emerging application of textile sludge for sustainable development in the health economic sector of the country.

Impact of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) on Organizational Performance: A Study from the Perspective of Bangladesh

Customer relationship management is recognizing, attracting, obtaining, maintaining, and keeping profitable and faithful customers as the success of a business highly depends on them. The current study’s purpose is to measure the impact of customer relationship management on organizational performance. The study used Yamane’s (1967) formula to calculate the sample, and it has got 90 sample sizes and used semi-structured questionnaires containing pre-coded and open-ended questions. Descriptive statistics like frequency, percentages, and means have been performed. Besides, inferential statistics like correlation and regression analysis have been used to determine the relationship. The result showed that customer relationship management significantly and positively impacts organizational performance. The study will help the policy maker of any organization to rethink and give much more emphasis to customer relationship management.

MICROPLASTIC POLLUTION FROM PLASTIC DRINKING BOTTLE, FOOD CONTAINER AND TAP WATER: EMERGING HEALTH CONCERN IN CONTEXT OF BANGLADESH

This Concept paper focuses on the importance of evaluating microplsatic contamination in different consumption sources in perspective of Bangladesh. Microplastic pollution is one of the emerging topic of pollution and health concern in Bangladesh alike rest of the world. Bangladesh is a densely populated country where usage of plastic materials is significantly high. Usage of single used plastic drinking bottle, plastic food box and plastic piping materials for water supply are very popular in the country and the most of the time these plastic containers are used by consumers for several months to years to years and even decades for water supply pipes. The long time repeated usage of plastic materials subsequently cause the microplsatic leaching and pose adverse health effects to the consumers. However, a very little effort has been done so far in perspective of Bangladesh to assess the microplsatic generation scenario and its negative consequences which is necessary to encounter this mounting threat effectively.

Delicar: A Smart Deep Learning Based Self Driving Product Delivery Car in Perspective of Bangladesh.

The rapid expansion of a country’s economy is highly dependent on timely product distribution, which is hampered by terrible traffic congestion. Additional staff are also required to follow the delivery vehicle while it transports documents or records to another destination. This study proposes Delicar, a self-driving product delivery vehicle that can drive the vehicle on the road and report the current geographical location to the authority in real-time through a map. The equipped camera module captures the road image and transfers it to the computer via socket server programming. The raspberry pi sends the camera image and waits for the steering angle value. The image is fed to the pre-trained deep learning model that predicts the steering angle regarding that situation. Then the steering angle value is passed to the raspberry pi that directs the L298 motor driver which direction the wheel should follow. Based upon this direction, L298 decides either forward or left or right or backwards movement. The 3-cell 12V LiPo battery handles the power supply to the raspberry pi and L298 motor driver. A buck converter regulates a 5V 3A power supply to the raspberry pi to be working. Nvidia CNN architecture has been followed, containing nine layers including five convolution layers and three dense layers to develop the steering angle predictive model. Geoip2 (a python library) retrieves the longitude and latitude from the equipped system’s IP address to report the live geographical position to the authorities. After that, Folium is used to depict the geographical location. Moreover, the system’s infrastructure is far too low-cost and easy to install.