Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory Research Articles

The application of Albert Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory: A Process in Learning Speaking Skill

Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory is a theory that connects behaviorist and cognitive learning theory. This theory assumes that people can pay attention to others through observation, reinforcement, and modeling to learn new information and behavior. Based on this principle, the Arabic Language Education study program lecturer at IAIN Palangka Raya started learning maharah kalam by inviting students to review videos as a pilot, to be imitated and practiced. The purpose of this study is to describe the learning process of Mahārah Kalam using social cognitive theory. Using descriptive qualitative methods, research data is generated through the process of observation, interviews and documentation. The results showed that there were four basic activities of learning maharah kalam using social cognitive theory. First, observing the pronunciation of a conversational sentence from a learning video. Second, remembering the pronunciation of the sentence either in the form of vocabulary or the question word used. Third, replicating pronunciation by imitating conversational sentences according to the learning video. Fourth, showing abilities by exploring conversations, as well as the pronunciation learned

Feasibility of a multiple health behavior change program for premenstrual symptoms in university students: A study protocol

IntroductionPremenstrual symptoms affect a significant number of women throughout their reproductive years. There is evidence that adapting and maintaining healthy lifestyle behaviors can improve these symptoms; however, the effectiveness of multiple behavior change interventions remain largely untested. This study aims to test feasibility of a 12-week multiple health behavior change (MHBC) intervention for university students suffering from premenstrual symptoms. MethodA sequential mixed-methods approach will explore the feasibility of a MHBC intervention to reduce premenstrual symptoms in female university students aged 18–35 years. In phase 1, a parallel three-group randomized pilot trial will be conducted among Australian students. Group 1 will receive the full intervention, while Groups 2 and 3 will receive either the period tracking application, or health behavior change intervention, respectively. The second phase of the study will include semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis to gain an in-depth understanding of participants’ perceptions of the acceptability, appropriateness, usefulness, and sustainability of the intervention and its components (Group 1 participants only). DiscussionThe results will inform whether a subsequent fully powered trial is feasible and provide a deeper understanding of the impact of premenstrual symptoms on university student's health and wellbeing. Moreover, the semi-structured interviews will provide insight into the acceptability, appropriateness, usefulness, and sustainability of the intervention in this population group. ConclusionsThis study based on Bandura's social cognitive theory will examine the feasibility of a 12-week MHBC intervention for young women suffering from premenstrual symptoms.

Developing a Framework for Interactive Information Retrieval of Digital Libraries Based on Bandura's Social-Cognitive Theory

Developing a Framework for Interactive Information Retrieval of Digital Libraries Based on Bandura's Social-Cognitive Theory

P18 A Test of Social Cognitive Theory on Fruit and Vegetable Intake in Indiana High School Students

<h3>Background</h3> Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) is commonly used to inform nutrition interventions in adolescents, yet relatively few studies have tested the structural paths of the constructs that guide behavior. It is important to test theoretical models, so theory can better inform the design of useful interventions. <h3>Objective</h3> To test the structural paths of SCT on self-reported consumption of fruits and vegetables in adolescents. <h3>Study Design, Setting, Participants</h3> Cross-sectional survey data was collected from 1,104 high school Family and Consumer Sciences students in Indiana. <h3>Measurable Outcome/Analysis</h3> Participants completed a 40-item questionnaire with 3 items about intake of fruits and vegetables and 37 items from validated SCT scales that assessed nutrition-related self-efficacy, intentions, behavioral strategies, outcome expectations, outcome expectancies, situation, and social support. Structural equation modeling was used to test relationships between constructs in SCT and eating fruits and vegetables. <h3>Results</h3> There were 707 (64.1%) girls and 397 (35.9%) boys that completed the survey. There were 896 students who self-identified as White (81.2%), 66 as Black (6%), 45 as Asian (4.1%), and 98 as other (8.9%). Fit was good for the model (Comparative Fit Index=0.90; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation=0.06). Intentions (β = 0.32; <i>P</i> < 0.001) and behavioral strategies (β = 0.18; <i>P</i> = 0.003) directly affected intake of fruits and vegetables. Self-efficacy (β = 0.37; <i>P</i> < 0.001), social support (β = 0.17; <i>P</i> = 0.001), and outcome expectancies (β = 0.34; <i>P</i> < 0.001) positively influenced intentions, indirectly affecting behavior. Situation did not have a significant effect on intentions (β = 0.04; <i>P</i> = 0.44) or self-efficacy (β = 3.96; <i>P</i> = 0.26). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Behavioral strategies and intentions directly influenced consumption of fruits and vegetables. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at high school students will be more successful if they focus on directly targeting behavioral strategies and focus indirectly on improving intentions by increasing self-efficacy.

The impact of various video modeling techniques on undergraduate students' learning and motivation during an academic writing course

This study builds on and extends earlier studies on observational learning in writing. Our objective in a research synthesis writing course on academic writing was to increase students' interest in and to learn from the course. To participate in the study, 162 first-year college students who had never before completed a writing task were chosen. Our group created two movies based on Bandura's social cognitive theory. The importance of information synthesis in one's professional life was further discussed in the first video by a manager who acted as a role model. The second film demonstrated a five-step writing procedure for producing a research synthesis using a fellow student as a model. We compared and contrasted the two versions of these films. We used visual cues in the explicit-strategy training video to draw learners' attention to crucial facets of the task that was being presented. These visual clues were presented as an acronym, where each letter denoted a different step in the model's methodology. The implicit technique instruction video I saw did not provide these cues. A two-by-two factorial between-subjects design with the variables prestige model video (yes/no) and instructional video type (implicit versus explicit strategy training) was used to assess the effects of the films. Writing performances, self-efficacy beliefs, task knowledge, and task value were the four categories into which the post-test data were divided. According to several studies, the prestige model had no effect on how valuable the students thought the activities were. Explicit technique training mediated by peers had little effect on self-efficacy, but it greatly influenced task comprehension. On the other hand, task knowledge was a predictor of writing performance.

Negotiating the Societal and Cultural Impact on a Perpetrator’s Psyche in Elif Shafak’s Honour

The present study focuses on investigating the behavioral psychology of the protagonist, Iskender as a killer from the text Honour by Elif Shafak, a renowned Turkish novelist. Albert Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory (1977) presents the importance of Observational Learning, Imitation, and Modeling in an individual's social learning and personality development. He propounds that behavior, cognition, and other environmental influences: all operate as interacting determinants to influence the development of an individual. Hence, by taking the cognitive framework of Bandura, and by tracking the factors behind the felony committed by Iskender in the name of honor, the researchers have analyzed Iskender’s behavioral psychology and guilt-oriented self. The study showed that Iskender was not criminal by nature but had been forced to act on honor ideology. Honor serves as a social code in Turkish Islamic culture and the analysis shed light on the moral principles or ethos in Turkish society implying that moral degradation and honor-killing practices are an everyday phenomenon in Turkish Islamic culture. The arguments in the study provided a lens to the readers to understand the psyche of the accused; Iskender was a victim of culturally transmitted ideology. Society, culture, and immediate relations served as the powerful influences on him in instigating him to commit this felony. Besides, the analysis exposed the subaltern position of women in Turkish culture. The study is a positive addition to Turkish literature and literature on honor killing.

"The lesser of two evils": a framework analysis of consumers' perspectives on opioid deprescribing and the development of opioid deprescribing guidelines.

Deprescribing opioids has been identified as an intervention to mitigate opioid harm; however, it is often challenging to implement interventions and communicate deprescribing decisions to consumers. The development of opioid deprescribing guidelines may provide guidance and support on when and how to reduce or cease opioids in routine care. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of opioid consumers on opioid deprescribing and determine factors to be considered in the development of opioid deprescribing guidelines. A purposive sample of 20 consumers using opioids for pain was recruited. Semistructured interviews were conducted, audio recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Inductive thematic analysis was undertaken, followed by a framework analysis informed by Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory. Behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors influence consumers' attitudes and actions regarding opioid deprescribing. Significant barriers to opioid deprescribing were identified, including fears of pain and withdrawal effects, opioid-related stigma, and perceived inadequacies of the healthcare system. Improved communication between healthcare professionals and consumers regarding expectations of deprescribing and goals of care, as well as the provision of greater opportunities for consumer engagement in decision making were identified as avenues to improve the success of opioid deprescribing. For opioid deprescribing guidelines to be effective and achieve the intended goal of optimizing opioid use, consumers need to feel empowered to engage in opioid reduction or cessation. The findings of this study may facilitate a patient-centred approach for practitioners and guideline developers in creating recommendations and interventions to enable opioid deprescribing through targeting behavioral change.

Inclusion in Physical Education in Primary Schools

The purpose of this study was to determine inclusive education in general physical education from the perspective and experience of physical education teachers in primary schools. The method used in this research is qualitative phenomenology. Four Physical Education teachers were the sample (2 men, 2 women) aged between 30 and 55 years and were collected by means of: photos, school documents, field notes, and semi-structured interviews. Bandura's social cognitive theory is used as the basis of the research. Outcome of thematic analysis: engaging in learning, adapting strategies to meet student needs, and moving beyond educational goals. In conclusion, inclusive education in physical education in primary schools is built by dynamic interactions between teachers' knowledge of disabilities, motivation to learn about students, children's needs, and learning objectives.

Use of interprofessional simulation-based learning to develop perioperative nursing students’ self-efficacy in responding to acute situations

Self-efficacy is an essential concept regarding academic performance and persistence in higher education. Research indicates that interprofessional simulation-based learning influences participants’ self-efficacy and points to a need for more research on self-efficacy and its development. This study describes perioperative nursing students’ experiences with how interprofessional simulation-based learning contributes to self-efficacy in communication, interdisciplinary collaboration, and prioritising tasks in acute situations. Six qualitative focus group interviews were conducted with thirty-four perioperative nursing students from four universities and university colleges in Norway. Qualitative directed content analysis was applied in accordance with Bandura's social cognitive theory which specifies four sources influencing self-efficacy. Results showed that well-designed/prepared interprofessional simulation-based learning can develop self-efficacy concerning communication, interdisciplinary collaboration, and prioritising tasks in acute situations.

Development of the Sleep Health in Preschoolers (SHIP) intervention: Integrating a theoretical framework for a family-centered intervention to promote healthy sleep.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and design of a theoretically derived, family centered, and home-delivered health behavior change intervention to address behavioral sleep problems in young children, including modifications responsive to pilot study experiences. Sleep Health in Preschoolers (SHIP) is an intervention grounded in Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory and Bronfenbrenner's Socioecological framework that integrates an individualized, stepwise approach to include self-management skills and the inherent and dynamic interactions between individual child, parent, and family level factors and diverse socioecologic factors. SHIP is a personalized, tailored intervention that partners with parents to provide knowledge, motivation, and skills for setting and achieving goals, adapting to setbacks, and problem-solving in an iterative fashion to improve their child's sleep. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Analisis Psikologi terhadap Adab-adab Guru dalam Kitab Adab al-Alim wa al-Muta’allim

This study aims to analyze the teachers' manners contained in the book of Adab al-Alim wa al-Muta’allim by K.H.M. Hasyim Asya'ari from a psychological perspective. This study was a qualitative study with a literature review approach. These manners had been classified into several categories and then were analyzed with a psychological perspective. The results showed that, first, the teachers' manners could be classified into 6 categories. They are manners related to inner behavior, prayer and practical deed, exemplary, scientific competence, good relationship, and teaching techniques. Second, After had been analyzed from a psychological perspective, the results showed that manners being related to inner behavior, prayer, and practical deed were relevant with al-Quran dan al-Hadits; manners being related to exemplary and scientific competence were associated with Bandura's social cognitive theory; manners being related to a good relationship and teaching techniques were linked with the theory of cognitivism and humanism.

Integration of Catholic Values and Professional Obligations in the Provision of Family Planning Services

Religious leaders of the Catholic church created guidelines for practicing medicine, that involve reproductive care restrictions that may conflict with professional obligations. To explore how Catholic obstetrician-gynecologists integrate their religious values and professional obligations related to family planning services. In this qualitative investigation, in 2018, US-based obstetrician-gynecologists were recruited through an online survey and were invited to participate in audio-recorded telephone interviews using a semistructured interview guide. Participants were obstetrician-gynecologists who self-identified as Catholic and reported providing reproductive health care as follows: (1) provide natural family planning only (low practitioners), (2) provide additional contraceptive methods (moderate practitioners), and (3) provide family planning services including abortion (high practitioners). The study purposively sampled those with higher self-reported religiosity. Data were analyzed from November 2018 to February 2019. The primary outcome was understanding how participants describe integration of Catholic values with family planning service provision. The telephone interviews explored their integration of Catholic values and professional obligations, and 3 coders analyzed the responses using grounded theory. Among the 34 Catholic obstetrician-gynecologists interviewed (27 women [79.4%]), there were 10 low, 15 moderate, and 9 high practitioners from 19 states. Participants' description of morality was consistent with Albert Bandura's Social-Cognitive Theory of Moral Thought and Action. The findings were used to create a modified framework. Within each group of physicians, 3 themes demonstrating their reconciliations between Catholic values and professional obligations emerged; each of these themes reflected one of the medical ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, or justice. All 10 low practitioners primarily promoted natural family planning approaches to avoid iatrogenic risks and none provided abortion, reflecting nonmaleficence. Alternatively, moderate practitioners focused on nonmaleficence by offering contraception to prevent abortions. High practitioners primarily promoted patient autonomy by separating religious doctrine from medical practice. All had concerns for beneficence. In each group, 1 of the 4 medical ethical principles was underrepresented. In this qualitative analysis, Catholic obstetrician-gynecologists establish their family planning care provision practices by emphasizing certain moral and/or ethical principles over others. These findings highlight how physician morality in the realm of family planning service provision often involves certain religious and/or professional reconciliations. Understanding the dilemmas Catholic obstetrician-gynecologists face can guide professional development efforts and inform ongoing discussions about conscientious objection and provision.

Social cognitive theory and women\u2019s career choices: an agent\u2014based model simulation

An agent-based model is proposed and tested. This model aims to simulate agency as conceptualized in Bandura's (Am Psychol 37:122–147, 1982; Organ Behav Hum Decis Process 50:248–287; Annu Rev Psychol 52: 1–26) Social cognitive theory. Social cognitive theory has been used to explain the continued underrepresentation of females in certain fields, most notably fields that are associated with engineering and technology. The theory proposes that agents acquire information from four different sources, and then, through a process of reciprocal interaction, these agents develop their perception of self-efficacy. In this study, an agent-based model is used to model this interaction. The output from the simulation supports the validity of the model used and illustrates how agency "emerges" from the triadic interaction. The model successfully simulates several of the theorized aspects of social cognitive theory. The simulation results reveal that even small gendered differences can lead to female misrepresentation in certain fields. The model also shows that female discouragement plays a larger role than male encouragement in female underrepresentation. The implications of these results are discussed. Finally, the limitations of the model are discussed, along with directions for future research.

Moderators and mediators of cross-cultural training effectiveness: literature review and development of a conceptual model

The aim of the study is to develop an encompassing conceptual model of cross-cultural training (CCT) effectiveness which illustrates the relationship between CCT and intercultural competence. A literature review was conducted in order to identify relevant contextual moderators and mediators of CCT effectiveness. The literature review focuses on 20 journal articles and three doctoral dissertations published between 1966 and 2015, and reveals that CCT effectiveness is particularly moderated by the international experience of the trainee, the cultural distance between the home and the host country, personality factors and the trainee's learning style. Important mediators are, among others, cultural intelligence and cultural adjustment. The identified moderators and mediators were categorised to increase the general validity of the conceptual model. The model is in line with Bandura's social cognitive theory and allows conclusions to be drawn for the selection of training candidates as well as the design and evaluation of CCT.

65. ARE PEDIATRIC FELLOWS FINANCIALLY LITERATE?

Background Pediatric subspecialty fellows face unique financial challenges, including significant educational debt, delayed retirement savings, and in many subspecialties, relatively lower future incomes. There are no data regarding the financial knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of pediatric fellows. Using Bandura's social cognitive theory as a conceptual framework, we hypothesized that pediatric fellows would have low financial literacy and lack physician role models and self-efficacy in terms of managing finances. Objective To measure the financial attitudes, knowledge, and self-reported behaviors of pediatric fellows. Design/Methods In August 2018, an IRB-approved survey was administered to pediatric fellows at Stanford and University of California, San Francisco. This 52-item survey included a 20 question test of financial literacy (adapted from the Vanguard Financial Literacy Test) as well questions regarding respondent demographics, financial attitudes, and self-reported financial behaviors. Results 101 of 176 (57%) eligible pediatric fellows responded. 56% of respondents had student loans with 61% of those carrying debt burdens of more than $100,000. The median score on the financial literacy test was 35% (IQR 25-45%, range 0-75%), below the 40% average score for the general population. 14% of respondents were satisfied with their financial knowledge, with 77% dissatisfied or extremely dissatisfied. 79% had begun saving for retirement but only 28% had a savings target. Only 50% felt capable of managing their own finances and 88% reported insufficient physician role models for personal finances. 26% of respondents reported receiving financial education during medical training while 90% agreed that such education should be part of the core curriculum during medical training. Conclusion Pediatric fellows have low financial literacy and many do not feel capable of managing their own finances. Few have received any formal financial education although the vast majority feel that such education should be included during medical training. A curriculum on personal finances should be developed and its efficacy assessed.

Development and Implementation of Instrument on Science Teachers’ Self-Efficacy towards Student Engagement

Researchers found that the teachers’ self-efficacy can help to promote the constructivist approaches of engaged teaching learning activities such as group works and better classroom management. However, few studies have focused particularly on examining science teachers’ self-efficacy on student engagement but not toward three dimensions of behavioral, cognitive and emotional engagement of learning. In this sense the major goal of this study was to develop a reliable, valid, and efficient questionnaire to assess science teacher’s self-efficacy towards three dimensions of student engagement. An instrument for measuring secondary school science teachers self –efficacy belief was developed and standardized. With this instrument a survey study on the level of self-efficacy of science teachers was performed with representative sample of 150 secondary school science teachers from community schools of Kathmandu and Lalitpur districts of Nepal . The level of efficacy on each constructs across all demographic variables except ethnicity was found to be moderately high. Dalit teachers’ efficacy level on behavioral engagement of student was found to be moderate. Significant relationships were not established between self-efficacy and any demographic variables, such as gender, age, experience, qualification, and ethnicity. The discussions of the findings were based on Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory.

An exploration of the perceptions of non-medical prescribers, regarding their self-efficacy when prescribing, and their willingness to take responsibility for prescribing decisions.

In the UK, non-medical prescribers (NMPs) are a significant part of the healthcare workforce. Little is known about their self-efficacy when prescribing, and their willingness to take responsibility for prescribing decisions. To explore the perceptions of NMPs regarding their self-efficacy in prescribing and responsibility for prescribing decisions. Cross-sectional survey of a purposive sample of NMPs on acute medical units (AMUs) across the UK. Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory informed the self-efficacy aspect of the questionnaire. Participants' views were also sought on responsibility for prescribing decisions. For quantitative data descriptive statistics were calculated. Hierarchical multiple linear regressions determined whether five independent variables improved the prediction of self-efficacy in aspects of prescribing: NMP's profession; length of time qualified as a healthcare professional and as an NMP; the number of items prescribed and hours worked per week on an AMU. Framework analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. Ninety-nine valid responses were obtained. Self-efficacy overall was high. The longer the participant had been qualified as an NMP was associated with increased self-efficacy in certain aspects of prescribing. All physiotherapists, and more nurses than pharmacists were responsible for prescribing decisions. Where participants were not fully responsible, the responsibility was partial or shared. Self-efficacy of NMPs when prescribing is influenced by several factors. The variables within this study appear to account for only a small part of this self-efficacy. Self-efficacy in prescribing appears to contribute to NMPs' willingness to take responsibility for prescribing decisions; further influenced by their job role and the prescribing this entails. Stakeholders need to appreciate the full range of factors that influence the self-efficacy of NMPs when prescribing, and the association of this to take responsibility for prescribing decisions. This knowledge will assist in maximising the benefits of non-medical prescribing within the healthcare system.

Psychological capital, task autonomy and innovative work behaviour among public organisation employees

A fierce competitive workplace climate compels employees to work under pressure, hence, to perform requires individual's innovate positive psychological resources. This paper sets out to examine the predictive relationship between psychological capital (PsyCap) and innovative work behaviour (IWB) among public employees, and the role of task autonomy in the relationship. A cross-sectional survey design was conducted, and 125 employees from public hospitals participated in the study. The study used a questionnaire focussing on measures of PsyCap, IWB, task autonomy as well as questions on demographic characteristics. The research hypothesis was tested using regression analysis. Multiple regression analysis showed self-efficacy (β = 0.25, p 0.05) positively and significantly predict IWB. The investigation implicitly tested and confirmed the applicability of certain elements in Bandura's social cognitive theory and Vroom's expectancy theory from the examination of PsyCap - IWB link.

Does Collaboration in Teaching Situations Help in Enhancing Teacher's Job Satisfaction?

Collaboration dismantles the compartmentalized structure of educational organizations and creates a safe and supportive environment for its teachers. This helps them to share valuable knowledge related to content or pedagogy, with the common interest of creating a better learning environment for the students. Collaboration supports teachers in instructional practices as well as contributes to their job satisfaction. The structure of this paper is guided by theoretical frameworks by DuFour, Eaker, and DuFour's (2005) on collaboration, Bandura's (1977, 1982) social cognitive theory, and Herzberg's (1987) theory of motivation and hygiene. The data from United States teachers' from The Teaching and Learning International Survey (2013) was used to explore the relationship between collaboration, instructional practices, and job satisfaction using structural equation modeling. The results showed that collaboration among teachers cannot directly predict the level of job satisfaction, but significantly predicts job satisfaction when mediated through the use of instructional practices.

Using intervention mapping to design a self-management programme for older people with chronic conditions.

Self-management programmes provide strategies to optimise health while educating and providing resources for living with enduring illnesses. The current paper describes the development of a community-based programme that combines a transdiagnostic approach to self-management with mindfulness to enhance psychological coping for older people with long-term multimorbidity. The six steps of intervention mapping (IM) were used to develop the programme. From a needs assessment, the objectives of the programme were formulated; the theoretical underpinnings then aligned to the objectives, which informed programme design, decisions on implementation, programme adoption and evaluation steps. Bandura's social cognitive theory informed the methods and practical strategies of delivery. Among the features addressed with participants are transdiagnostic dimensions such as fatigue, pain, breathlessness, sleep disturbances. The programme utilises mindfulness to aid coping and ameliorate the psychological distresses associated with chronicity. Findings from an initial feasibility study and subsequent pilot assisted in conceptualising our programme. In conclusion, applying IM gave the planners confidence the programme is robust and evidence-based with clearly articulated links between the behavioural goals and design elements to obtain the desired outcomes.