Band Patch Antenna Research Articles

Dual Band Patch Antenna Based on Letter Slotted DGS for 5G Sub-6GHz Application

To design a multiband microstrip patch antenna, the Defected Ground Structure (DGS) technique is applied to add a disturbance effect in the surface current distribution and create a multi-resonance frequency. Furthermore, and in the aim to achieve a high gain, a high superstrate is added above the basic antenna design. The developed antenna is dedicated to the 5G sub 6GHz band application. The proposed antenna is based on RO5880 dielectric substrate of ɛ=2.2 and has an overall dimension of 77×70.11×1.6 mm3. The antenna operates at a sub 6GHz frequency range (at 4.53 to 4.97 GHz) and fits in 5G band application standard. Using CST Studio Suite Electromagnetics (EM) Solver, antenna’s performances are investigated; an average gain of 5 dB with acceptable radiation efficiency is obtained at the operating frequencies, suitable for sub-6GHz 5G application. The proposed antenna is fabricated, and experimental analysis is conducted using ROHDE & SCHWARZ ZVB20 network analyser, which shows a good agreement with the simulation analysis.

A compact ultra-wide band patch antenna using defected ground structure

A compact ultra-wide band patch antenna using defected ground structure

A wideband and directive metasurface FPC antenna with toroidal metal structure loading

Abstract In this paper, a novel metasurface-based Fabry−Perot cavity antenna loaded with toroidal metal structures is presented. The antenna is compact, wideband, and has high directivity and a high front-to-back ratio. The idea of the antenna is based on loading a microstrip narrow band patch antenna resonating at 4.5 GHz by a single layer metasurface superstrate and with a toroidal metal structure. The metasurface superstrate comprises a periodic array of square patch cells. Compared to conventional microstrip antenna, the front to back lobe ratio is increased from 7 to 20 dB and the directivity is increased by 7 dB. Also, the antenna impedance bandwidth is 34% which is increased four times. This is the first-ever antenna with enhanced bandwidth and directivity using a single layer of metasurface and that too made up of periodic cell array and has application as an energy harvester.

S- И X-ДИАПАЗОННАЯ ПАТЧ-АНТЕННА ДЛЯ НАНОСПУТНИКОВ CUBESAT

The CubeSat concept has become very popular with both university groups and researchers, space agencies, governments and companies. CubeSat offers a fast and affordable way for a wide range of stakeholders to be active in space. Due to the high degree of modularity and widespread use of off­the­shelf commercial subsystems, CubeSat projects can be prepared for flight much faster than using traditional satellite schedules usually within one to two years. In this paper, we have considered a model of an S and X band patch antenna for CubeSat nanosatellites in the field of Earth remote sensing (ERS). The antenna dimensions were determined and designed according to the dimensions of the small spacecraft. The shape of the emitting part was formed using a geometric fractal with an anisotropic structure. Using the CST Microwave Studio software package, the electro­dynamic, frequency characteristics and directional properties of the antenna were determined. The results of computer simulations demonstrate that the developed antenna concept has a multi­band property and meets all the parameters that are necessary for receiving and transmitting data in the S and X bands. It was also found that the anisotropic fractal structure allows the antenna to have several operating frequencies.

Design and Analysis of MIMO Dual Band Patch Antenna for 5G New Radio Applications in Mobile Terminals

This paper presents a dual-band MIMO antenna design with compact size for 5G communication under 6 GHz band frequency. The metallic monopole stub structure is used to miniaturization of antenna. The L-shape monopole antenna is modified by adding semi-circular element in radiating structure of monopole to obtain dual-band resonance. The High isolation is achieved by employing T-shaped stub in ground plane.It has compact size is 45 mm × 25 mm × 1.6 mm3. The proposed Dual Band MIMO antenna has been design on FR4 material with ɛr = 4.4 with 1.6 thickness. The proposed antenna has 5G application in the bands of 2.5 GHz (2.34 GHz-2.62 GHz) and 3.5 GHz (3.20 GHz-5.20 GHz). The bandwidth of antenna getting 320MHz and 2500MHz at 2.5GHz and 3.5GHz respectively. The Isolation (S21) of proposed antenna is -31.2 dB at 2.5 GHz and -19.5 dB at 3.5 GHz. VSWR is less than 1.06 for both the bands. The designed dual band MIMO antenna covers 5G bands of 2.3-2.4GHz (n30/n40), 2.4-2.5GHz (n7/n38/n41/n90), and 3.2-5.2GHz (n77/n78/n80). The experimental and simulated results observed good matching except some slight variation. This proposed dual band MIMO antenna is suitable for 5G mobile Communications.

Near-zero-refractive-index metasurface antenna with bandwidth, directivity and front-to-back radiation ratio enhancement

In this paper, a novel metasurface-based Fabry–Perot Cavity antenna is presented. The antenna is wideband, directive and has a high front-to-back ratio. The idea of the antenna is based on loading a microstrip narrow band patch antenna resonating at 4.6 GHz by a metasurface superstrate. The metasurface superstrate consists of an aperiodic array of holes in contrast to the periodic nature of unit cell previously explored in the literature. The metasurface is designed as a near-zero-refractive-index material (NZRIM). By controlling the phase reflection properties of the structure, improved radiation pattern, improved front-to-back lobe ratio (7–25 dB), improved directivity (by 3 dB) and antenna bandwidth (five times) are obtained compared to a conventional microstrip antenna. The enhancement in bandwidth and directivity simultaneously using just a single layer of metasurface superstrate demonstrated for the first time, to best to authors’ knowledge, are obtained.

Design of wide band slotted microstrip patch antenna with defective ground structure for ku band

This paper proposes a microstrip patch antenna (MSPA) in the Ku band for satellite applications. The antenna is small in size with dimensions of about 40 mm×48 mm×1.59 mm and is fed with a coaxial cable of 50 Ω impedance. The proposed antenna has a wide bandwidth of 3.03 GHz ranging from 12.8 GHz to 15.8 GHz. To realize the characteristics of wideband the techniques of defective ground structure (DGS) and etching slots on the radiating element are adopted. The antenna is modeled on the FR4 substrate. A basic circular patch is selected for the design of a dual-frequency operation and in the next step DGS is introduced into the basic antenna and enhanced bandwidth is achieved at both the frequencies. To attain wider bandwidth two slots are etched on the radiating element of which one is a square ring slot and the second one is a circular ring slot. The novelty of the proposed antenna is a miniaturized design and unique response within the Ku band region which is applicable for wireless UWB applications with VSWR <2 and an average gain of 3.6 dB.

A Metasurface Based Gain Enhanced Dual Band Patch Antenna Using SRRs With Defected Ground Structure

AbstractThis study proposes a metasurface (MS) based high performance antenna in which the radiating patch is embedded with split ring resonators in its square slots. The slotted corner cut rectangular patch antenna with defected ground plane and the MS are placed together in the same plane. The designed prototype operates over dual frequencies with impedance bandwidths (S11 < −10 dB) of 4.02% and 28.24% at 9.20 and 11.65 GHz respectively. The antenna possesses a maximum return loss of 42 dB at 11.65 GHz over 11.23–14.5 GHz band while the measured realized gain of 10.66 dBi has been obtained at 14.44 GHz. The antenna exhibits unidirectional far‐field radiation characteristics and the radiation efficiency of 67% has been achieved at 14.44 GHz. The antenna prototype has been fabricated on FR4 dielectric substrate, having an electrical size of 1.16λ0 × 1.82λ0 × 0.06λ0, where λ0 is the free‐space wavelength at 11.65 GHz. This makes the proposed antenna single‐layer, broad impedance bandwidth, high gain and ease of fabrication in nature. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones. The designed antenna can be applicable in defense and military, satellite communication, medical analysis for determination of radio waves and numerous communication fields.

EVALUATION OF (GPS/GLONASS) PATCH VERSUS RF GPS (L1) PATCHANTENNA PERFORMANCE PARAMETER

In any wireless communication network and system an antenna is an important element along the propagation path of an electrical signals. Antenna module is a vital component of automated driving systems, it should function as needed in dGPS, HD map correction services, and radio and navigation systems. The main scope of this engineering research work involves the evaluation and determining the performance parameter and characteristic of the GPS/GLONASS patch vs RF GPS L1(1.57542 GHz) patch antenna characteristic. FEKO simulation studies are carried out to extensively compare, make an assessment and evaluate the characteristic and performance parameter, such as the average/passive gain of the proposed antenna in the presence of background noise. Prior to the start of the FEKO simulation studies, a physical mechanical dimension measurements via a Digital instrumentation were conducted for the following: Radiating Element Size: The actual length (L), and width (W), Substrate Material Size: The substrate length (Lsub), width (Wsub), and height (h). The proposed antenna model for GPS only patch antenna operating at 1.57542 GHz and the dual band patch antenna resonating at 1.5925 GHz are developed. To be specific, this work presents the design, modeling, determining passive gain of the RF GPS L1 patch vs. dual band patch antenna with intended targeted applications within the automotive system and space. Simulation are undertaken to generate the RF GPS L1 patch and dual band patch antenna structure respectively for the sole purpose of evaluating the performance of the proposed dual band antenna. Simulation are performed rather than mathematical modelling. The emphasis of this paper is how to obtain the equivalent amount of total passive gain in a GPS vs. that of dual band antenna.

A Metamaterial-Based $S/X$ -Band Shared-Aperture Phased-Array Antenna With Wide Beam Scanning Coverage

This article proposes an ultralow profile $S/X$ -band shared-aperture phased-array antenna (SAPAA), which can achieve wide beam scanning coverage in both the $S$ - and $X$ -bands. The SAPAA consists of an $S$ -band array with a triangular placement that has 11 elements and a grid array with $8\times 16\,\,X$ -band elements. To avoid grating lobes in wide beam scanning coverage, a metamaterial-based stacked mushroom structure is proposed to reduce the array spacing of the two bands, where an $X$ -band patch antenna is stacked on a traditional mushroom structure. A $4\times4$ subarray of the stacked mushroom structure operates as a single antenna element in $S$ -band. Consequently, each $S$ -band element corresponds to a $4\times4$ subarray of the $X$ -band element. Because a triangular arrangement in the $S$ -band array and a square arrangement in the $X$ -band array are employed, the array spacing of the two bands is $0.54\lambda _{\mathrm {L0}}$ and $0.51\lambda _{\mathrm {H0}}$ , respectively, which is suitable for wide beam scanning coverage. Moreover, the shorting pin of the mushroom structure is also the feeding pin of the $X$ -band patch. This structure reuse technology reduces the whole profile to less than $0.04\lambda _{0}$ . To verify this design, a prototype is fabricated through the multilayer printed circuit board process. It realizes ±50° beam coverage in both the $S$ - and $X$ -bands.

Graphene patch antenna with lateral edges defined by armchair or zigzag structures and PBG substrate

In this work, we study the radiation characteristics of a graphene patch antenna in the terahertz band. Antenna performance is maximized by varying specific sub-components. The first variation is the addition of graphene nanoribbons (armchair and zigzag) on the left and right edges of the graphene patch, in order to evaluate the influence of these structures on a patch antenna. Subsequently, air holes are inserted into the silica substrate in order to reduce surface waves effects and increase bandwidth. GNU Octave and HFSS software were used for the modeling and simulation of the antenna and its variations. The results obtained (return loss, impedance, radiation diagram, gain and current density) were good when the structure was modeled only with silica substrate and the best nanoribbon geometry that contributes to the maximization of the performance of the graphene patch antenna is the zigzag one with return loss of $$-\,17.508$$ dB and $$-\,23.490$$ dB in two resonance bands and gain of 3.7 dB. However, when the periodic substrate was added, the antenna radiation characteristics improved considerably compared to antennas with the silica substrate without air holes, where the best result was obtained with the zigzag structure with return loss of $$-\,42.047$$ dB, but the best gain was obtained by the structure without nanoribbons (8.941 dB).

A Novel Design of Compact 28 GHz Printed Wideband Antenna for 5G Applications

In this antenna study, a compact thin profile wide band patch antenna is introduced for fifth generation. The overall dimensions of this compact antenna is 5 mm x 5.26 mm only, operating in the 28 GHz frequency in Ka-band. Built on the Rogers Rt/Duroid 5880 substrate having thickness of 0.254 mm, the antenna provides 2.1 GHz (27.3-29.2 GHz) of bandwidth at below -10dB reflection coefficient. The novel proposed design is fed by the coaxial feed having inner radii of 0.254 mm. The motive of this study is to improve the bandwidth by utilizing the DGS (Defective Ground Structure) technique and further to procure the high impedance matching, slotting technique is applied on the partial ground plane in which an X shaped slot is engraved resulting a reflection coefficient of -20.03 dB. The proposed antenna provides desirable values of Gain and Directivity of about 5.2 dB and 6.16 dBi respectively. Discrete parameters of designed antenna such as voltage standing wave ratio, radiation patterns, surface current distribution are also evaluated to study antenna characteristics which implies for 5G applications.

Frequency reconfigurable quad band patch antenna for radar and satellite applications using FR-4 material

In this article a novel design of compact lowcost quad band reconfigurable antenna resulting in frequency switching capabilities, is presented. For designing of antenna FR-4 material is used as a substrate and a thin copper sheet is used for patch and ground plane of antenna. The operating frequency of the antenna is 9.92–21.20 GHz. The four resonant frequencies of the antenna lies in standard IEEE microwave bands of X (8–12 GHz), Ku (12–18 GHz) and K band (18–27 GHz).This antenna is a modified version of its wideband counterpart which provided the wide bandwidth. The multiband property is obtained by the inclusion of the cross slot in the patch. The antenna is made reconfigurable by parasitic elements with shorted pins. This antenna is switched between the resonant frequencies by the different combinations of PIN diodes. The input impedance of the antenna is matched perfectly to that of the transmission line of 50 Ω for each band. This matching property is achieved by the introduction of three corner cuts in the patch. This type of switchable antenna can be used in different types of RADAR and Satellite applications.

Split-ground Compact Ultra-wide Band Patch Antenna for Wireless LTE/UMTS Operations

The lower band and mid band ‘5G’ are known to use the frequencies in the range of 600 MHz – 6 GHz worldwide, especially 3.5GHz to 4.2GHz. A new modified multi slot compact planar ultra-wideband Microstrip patch antenna with a split ground plane has been proposed in this paper. The size of the antenna occupies volume of 34x30x1.7 (1734 mm^3) which has been designed on a FR4 epoxy substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4. In order to provide dual wideband characteristics, a ‘T and G ’shaped slots with split ground plane using line feeding structure has been used. The effects on the return losses v/s frequency for the antenna using different substrates with varying dielectric constants for the same dimensions has been studied in this paper. The proposed antenna operates in dual band with first band being a narrow band ranging from 1.92GHz to 2.06GHz and the second band is an ultra-wide band which ranges from 3.40 GHz to 9.6 GHz. The split ground plane and slot size variations in the T and G slot geometry helps in retrieving the dual bands. The proposed antenna is covering applications from LTE band No 40, UMTS IMT-2000, Wimax (3.5/5.55GHz), ISM WLAN 5.2/5.8GHz and RFID etc. The direct line feeding method which uses a 50Ω line with width of W=3mm has been used for the micro-strip line. With split ground plane, coupling between the slots plays role for achieving the good bandwidth. The analysis of return loss (dB), bandwidth, VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) of patch antenna with different substrates and variation of the sizes of slots in shapes has been performed using HFSS tool [12] and results has been studied in this paper.

Reducing RCS of Patch Antennas via Dispersion Engineering of Metamaterial Absorbers

In this paper, a low radar cross section (RCS) patch antenna is proposed, which is realized by engineering dispersion property of metamaterial absorbers (MAs). The dispersion curve of the MA consists of a weak linear regime with low insertion loss and an asymptotic nonlinear regime with strong absorption. By changing geometric parameters, the dispersion property of the MA can be engineered, so that the cutoff frequency is shifted freely, as well as the strong absorption band being changed. Thus, if the cutoff frequency of the MA is very close to the upper bound frequency of a patch antenna, the patch antenna will obtain polarization-independent low-RCS property out-of-band or in-band cross-polarized and out-of-band copolarized low-RCS properties by replacing the radiation patch with the modulated MA. For verification, a ${C}$ -band patch antenna with RCS reduction performance in ${X}$ -band is designed, fabricated, and measured. Both the simulated and measured results agree well and verify that the antenna achieves average gain about 5 dB in 7.2–7.7 GHz. To assess the RCS reduction performance of the proposed patch antenna, we fabricated a $5 \times 5$ antenna array. The measured results indicate that monostatic RCS of the array is decreased by more than 10 dB in the entire ${X}$ -band for copolarized and cross-polarized wave normal incidence than the metallic plate with the same area.

A Small Ultra-Wideband Half-E Folded Patch Antenna with a Shorting Pin

A small fourth wavelength Ultra-Wideband half-E antenna with a shorting pin and folded patch feed is presented in this paper. This patch antenna has half structure, folded patch and a shorting pin to create a Ultra-wide impedance band patch antenna with small geometric size. The antenna sizes are 7.5mm15mm7mm (0.188λ00.376λ00.175λ0, where λ0 is the free space wavelength corresponding to the center frequency at 7.52GHz) and about 70.21% is obtained. The impedance bandwidths, radiation patterns, radiation efficiencies and gains of the antenna are discussed.

Novel dual band patch antenna With Gap coupled composite right/left-handed transmission line

AbstractA novel low profile dual band patch antenna is presented. It consists of a composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH TL) unit cell gap coupled with the radiating edge of a rectangular patch antenna. The dual band behavior is achieved by coupling the zeroth order resonance mode of CRLH TL and TM10 mode of the patch antenna. It is shown that frequency ratio can be changed by varying the gap between the patch and CRLH TL unit cell. The proposed configuration enables frequency reconfigurability by changing the CRLH TL unit cell using a switch. A prototype of the antenna having frequency ratio f2/f1 = 1.08 is designed and fabricated. The proposed antenna shows measured S11 ≤ −10 dB bandwidth of 100 and 50 MHz at resonance frequencies of f1 = 4.84 and f2 = 5.22 GHz, respectively. A 2 × 2 dual band CRLH TL coupled patch array is also presented, showing more than 12.7 dBi gain at both resonance frequencies.

A compact double‐psi‐shaped dual band patch antenna for WLAN/LTE applications

AbstractThis article presents the design of a double‐psi‐shaped dual band antenna, modified from the conventional microstrip patch. The proposed antenna is printed on an FR4 epoxy substrate and it occupies a compact size of 17 mm × 18 mm × 1.6 mm. We have designed our antenna to operate at 2.4/5.15 GHz. The measurement results show that the proposed antenna has 10 dB impedance bandwidths of 1650 MHz (1.982–3.632 GHz) and 812 MHz (4.444–5.256 GHz) to cover the LTE and 5 GHz IEEE 802.11 WLAN bands, respectively. The geometry of the design is relatively simple—it constitutes only 2 U‐shaped strips appended to a conventional microstrip patch, producing a structure which resembles 2 psi (Ψ) letters placed on top of one another. Due to its simple configuration and good radiation characteristics, the antenna is an appropriate candidate for applications which require both wireless communication and internet services.

A Canadian Leaf Shaped Triple Band Patch Antenna with DGS for X and C-Band Applications

A Canadian Leaf Shaped Triple Band Patch Antenna with DGS for X and C-Band Applications

Dual‐band re‐configurable graphene‐based patch antenna in terahertz band for wireless network‐on‐chip applications

Wireless network-on-chip (WNoC), with associated on-chip antennas, has been recognised as an alternative solution to overcome the performance limitations of wired networks on chip (NoC). Recently, graphene-based WNoC (GWNoC) architecture with graphene patch antennas in terahertz band was proposed as a viable alternative which can outperform traditional WNoC in terms of bandwidth, energy consumption and a number of cores per system. In this study, a novel design of dual-band re-configurable graphene-based square patch antenna is proposed with orthogonal microstrip line structure for WNoC applications. The proposed antenna can act as wireless transceiver at dual bands of 2.15–2.2 and 2.56–2.6 THz. Its performance in terms of directivity, return loss, fractional bandwidth and beam reconfiguration at different chemical potentials has been analysed.