Tissue Culture Banana Research Articles

The gendered value chain of matooke banana and its implications for tissue culture adoption in Uganda

ABSTRACT Tissue culture banana is promoted as a form of micro-propagation that can aid farmers in managing pests and disease in Uganda, the country with the largest per capita consumption of banana in the world. But uptake amongst smallholder farmers remains low. This study recruited 71 farmers from five banana-growing districts in Uganda to assess how gender dynamics of matooke production impact the adoption and sustained use of tissue culture. We collaborated with farmers and co-produced a three-stage, participatory methodological protocol for mapping value chains. Our analysis reveals a gendered division of labour and limited access to resources that shape farmers’ ability to benefit from this technology. Women farmers are interested in tissue culture banana but face challenges related to demands for land preparation, accessing plantlets, and relevant knowledge, while men are more reluctant due to their fragility, high cost, and the additional labour demands needed to ensure the crop's survival. This study highlights the necessity of understanding the gendered division along a crop’s value chain to ensure the success of new breeding technologies.

The Effects of Bioinoculants on Enhancement Growth in Nanjanagud Rasabale Tissue Culture Banana

Bio-hardening is a process where micro propagated plantlets are inoculated with suitable strains of microorganisms in order to enhance their acclimatization. Trials were taken to expose banana plantlets to useful microbes that encourage growth and mutual association during 2022 at UHS, Bagalkot. It promotes host plant growth, plant nutrient uptake, inhibits pathogen growth, reduces disease severity, enhances tolerance to environmental stress etc. In the present study, twenty treatments were imposed with different bioinoculants by two methods of application (1) powder formulation and (2) liquid formulation. Among these treatments, M1T13- VAM and fusicont significantly increased the survivability per cent (58.80%), plant height (6.46 cm), pseudo stem girth (5.42 cm), number of leaves (4.07) and leaf area (33.15 cm2). Thus, the artificial inoculation of bioinoculants through the powder formulation enhances the growth during primary hardening.

Factors Influencing Adoption of Tissue Culture Banana (TCB) Technology Among Banana Farmers in Chitwan District, Nepal

The adoption of tissue culture banana (TCB) technology promotes resistance to diseases, increased competitiveness, and a commitment to sustainability in the banana subsector. An investigation was carried out during 2021 to identify the factors influencing the adoption of TCB technology among banana farmers in Chitwan district, Nepal. Randomly 65 farm household were selected to gather primary data using semi structured questionnaire, further Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Key Informant Interview (KII) was carried with selected individuals. Descriptive statistics and probit model was used to present the findings. Result revealed that adoption of TCB technology is significantly affected by annual farm household income, access to subsidy and access to credit. Hence, extension agencies of government and non-governmental institutions should primarily focus on farm household having higher income and access to credit for better adoption. A comprehensive policy approach considering market dynamics and infrastructure development is essential while delivering subsidy.

The Role of Mycorrhizae on the Growth of Banana Planlets of Cultivar Raja (Musa Paradisiaca C.V. Raja) from Bali at Post Acclimatization

The effect of inoculation of a combination of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus of Glomus and Acaulospora on micropropagated banana plantlets cultivar Raja from Bali during the acclimatization phase was investigated. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, over the period of March to June 2022. The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of various doses of mycorrhizae on the growth of tissue culture banana plantlets that had undergone acclimatization for a period of six weeks. A total of five different doses of mycorrhiza were applied to the acclimatized plantlets, namely M0=without mycorrhiza and M5=5g mycorrhizal. kg1, M10=10 g mycorrhiza.kg-1, M15=15 g mycorrhiza.kg-1, M20=20 g mycorrhizal. kg 1. A significant effect was discovered at M15; however, compared to M20, M20 gave better results for root length and fresh weight of the above-ground part, indicating the best dose was 20 g mycorrhiza kg-1. This study concluded that mycorrhiza has a very significant role in supporting the growth of micro-propagated banana plantlets at post-acclimatization. Variables observed, such as the average number of leaves, stem diameter, above-ground plant fresh and dry weight, and root fresh and dry weight, increased with the application of AMF (Glomus and Acaulospora).

Prevalence of banana diseases and post-harvest losses in Kenya, and biocontrol potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi against Fusarium wiltngi Against Fusarium wilt

The demand for bananas (Musa spp.), which is ranked as the most important fruit crop in Kenya has been on the rise owing to both their dietary contribution and income generation. Meeting this demand has however been hampered by losses during production or post-harvest. This study assessed banana disease and post-harvest losses in leading producing counties in Kenya namely; Kisii, Nyamira and Embu. The study also assessed the efficacy of Rhizophagus irregularis in controlling Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on post-harvest losses. Disease scoring tables, charts and photos were used to confirm observed symptoms and hence, disease occurrence and severity. AMF biocontrol efficacy experiment was conducted using tissue culture bananas grown in the greenhouse. The study revealed that most smallholder farmers were unaware of the causes or the prevalence of post-harvest losses. The findings also revealed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the severity of banana diseases across various cultivars from the three counties. The AMF treated bananas showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in plant height, total leaf area and chlorosis in comparison to other treatments. The study also revealed a reduction of Fusarium’s pathogenic effects including chlorosis, reduced leaf surface area and eventual necrosis.

Influence of Entrepreneurial Activities on Adoption of Tissue Culture Banana Seedlings in Tanzania.

Banana is the world’s most popular fruit, with an estimated global export value of 7 billion dollars per year; they are also one of the most domestic foods and are traded by Tanzania farmers. However, approximately 15% of the global banana production is involved in trade. The inadequate adoption of Tissue Banana Seedlings has led to the assessment of the Influence of Entrepreneurial Activities on the Adoption of Tissue Culture Banana Seedlings in Tanzania-Kilimanjaro particularly. The study adopted a positivism philosophy, a cross-sectional survey design, and purposive sampling techniques targeting 350 farmers. Questionnaires were used for data collection, Binary Logistic Regression was applied for data analysis, the results show Entrepreneurial significantly influenced the adoption of Tissue culture seedlings, and Tissue culture seedlings offer more business opportunities than local suckers. Therefore, the study recommends promoting Entrepreneurial activities toward the adoption of tissue culture banana seedlings in Tanzania and developing countries

The Influence of Observability on The Adoption of Tissue Culture Banana Seedlings in Tanzania

In seedling technology, Banana seedlings are undergoing a profound transformation with the integration of advanced innovation, referred to as tissue culture banana seedling. The study delves into the science of seedling technology and innovation adoption within the banana farming sector. We explore the dynamic interactions between tissue culture innovation and farmer adoption. The study adopted a positivism philosophy, cross-sectional survey design, and purposive sampling techniques. A sample size of 350 banana farmers in Kilimanjaro was drawn from the population of the study using the Yamen formula for sample size determination. Since the outcome variable was dichotomous the binary logistic regression model was employed. The result indicates that the highest mean was for the statement banana tissue culture seedling grow faster compared to local sucker (M=3.75), indicating the speed of growth is seen as a clear observable benefit. Standard deviations were relatively low, ranging from 0.826 to 0.872, indicating less variation in responses. These results suggest smallholder farmers perceive tissue culture banana seedlings as having moderately high observability, especially related to the visible benefits of faster planting growth and income generation compared to using local banana seedlings. We shed light on the adoption of tissue culture banana seedlings. Adoption is reshaping traditional seedling suckers practices, enhancing productivity and business opportunity. Farmers' adoption will lead to economic development and job creation. Farmers markets provide opportunities for small farmers and businesses to sell their products, and support to meet the growing demand for locally produced food.

The Influence of Observability on The Adoption of Tissue Culture Banana Seedlings in Tanzania

In the seedling’s technology, Banana farming is undergoing a profound transformation with the integration of advanced technologies, referred to as tissue culture banana seedlings. The study delves into the empires of seedling technology and innovations adoption within the banana farming sector. We explore the dynamic interactions between Tissue culture innovation, and the farmer's adoption. The study adopted positivism philosophy, a cross-sectional survey design, and purposive sampling techniques. A sample size of 350 banana farmers in Kilimanjaro was drawn from the population of the study using Yamen formula for sample size determination. Since the outcome variable was dichotomous the binary logistic regression model was employed. The results indicate that, the highest mean was for the statement “Banana tissue culture seedlings grow faster compared to local suckers” (M=3.75), indicating the speed of growth is seen as a clear observable benefit. Standard deviations were relatively low, ranging from 0.826 to 0.872, indicating less variation in responses. These results suggest smallholder farmers perceive tissue culture banana seedlings as having moderately high observability, especially related to the visible benefits of faster planting growth and income generation compared to using local banana seedlings. We shed light on the adoption of tissue culture seedlings. Adoption is reshaping traditional suckers’ practices, enhancing productivity and business opportunity. Farmers adoption will leads to the economic development and job creation. Farmers markets provide opportunities for small farmers and businesses to sell their products, and support to meet the growing demand for locally produced food.

Assessing the Advantages of Tissue Culture Bananas Technology Production of Banana Farmers in Kisii County, Kenya

Over the years, governments from all over the world have attempted to attain food security, albeit with varying degrees of success. To feed the expanding population, agriculture has significantly increased in intensity. One of the technologies employed is banana tissue culture. Most research studies indicate that small-scale farmers in Kisii County have not adopted this technology at high rates, despite efforts to spread its use among them. The objective of the study was to examine the how advantages of tissue culture banana adoption influence the use of tissue culture banana technology in Kisii County. The study adopted a descriptive study approach. A simple random sampling procedure was used to choose the respondents. Survey forms, interview schedules, and observation checklists were used in the data collection process. A five-Likert scale study was employed to gather farmers' advantages of Tissue Culture bananas. The associations between tissue culture banana adoption and advantages were displayed using mean comparison procedures. Non-adopters’ inadequacy of awareness of advantages about adopting bananas from tissue culture was proven to have a major impact on the practice. Compared to adopters, whose average mean was determined to be 1.28, non-adopters' average mean was 2.494. Comparing adopters of tissue culture banana technology to non-adopters in Kisii County, this suggests that the former had a better grasp of the advantages in tissue culture banana production. Consequently, there is a need to raise farmers' understanding of the general challenges surrounding technology in the area in order to improve on the technology adoption.

Towards consensus on the transfer of Fusarium oxysporum V5w2-enhanced tissue culture banana technology to farmers through public-private partnerships in East Africa

Towards consensus on the transfer of Fusarium oxysporum V5w2-enhanced tissue culture banana technology to farmers through public-private partnerships in East Africa

Effect of different media on primary hardening of banana tissue culture plants in greenhouse conditions

Effect of different media on primary hardening of banana tissue culture plants in greenhouse conditions

The Influence of Complexity on the Adoption of Tissue Culture Banana Seedlings in Tanzania

Tissue culture seedlings have been used to improve production in agriculture. However, tissue culture suffers from low adoption. In this context, adoption studies in Tanzania of these types of seedlings are scarce and in general, do not jointly account for the judgment factors affecting the adoption decision among banana farmers. This study investigates the Influence of Complexity on Adoption. Farm-level data were collected through a questionnaire administered to 350 banana farmers in Kilimanjaro. Binary logistic was used to analyse the data and the results show the easier-to-grow significantly increased adoption. The findings of this study propose that; future information on seedlings technology must demonstrate an advantage over traditional seedlings and the investigation evidence supporting seedlings innovation must be clearly visible. We, therefore, concluded that the innovation adoption process has a social and complex element; it requires adequate extension of Information systems and negotiations with key stakeholders in the whole value chain.

Effect of Plant Nutrients on Fruit Yield and Quality of Cavendish Banana (Musa sp.) cv. ‘Grand Naine’

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of plant nutrients on yield and fruit quality of ‘Grand Naine’ banana under alkaline soil conditions for the two cropping seasons 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 at Directorate of Agricultural Research (DoAR), Khajura. The trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design consisting of seven treatments replicated three times having four plants in an experimental plot. Planting of tissue culture banana was done at 2×2 m spacing on 4th July 2020 and suckers selected from the same plant on the same date were taken as the first ratoon crop. Farmyard manure was applied at four, chemical fertilizers at six, and micronutrients at three installments. The pooled results revealed that the longest bunch (114.30 cm), the highest number of hands (10.08) and finger number per bunch (185.80) and second hand (21.50), the heaviest bunch (25.74 kg) and second-hand weight (3.28 kg), the highest finger length (21.08 cm), diameter (3.85 cm) and weight (156.20 g) and bunch yield (64.35 mt/ha), the highest TSS (20.20%), TSS: TA ratio (47.10) and total sugar (12.55%) and the lowest TA (0.43%) were registered in T3 (20 kg FYM, 250:250:350 g NPK along with foliar spray of four types of micronutrients viz. Zn, Fe, Cu and B at 3rd 5th and 7th months of planting. Hence, from the study banana growers are recommended to use FYM, chemical fertilizers along with a foliar spray of micronutrients, at least three times in the vegetative growth stage of bananas for higher yield and improved quality of fruits.

Socioeconomic factors influencing the uptake of tissue culture banana technology in Kisii County, Kenya

Many nations have worked hard over the years to provide food security for there entire country, albeit with various degrees of success. The intensification of agriculture has been significant in order to feed the growing population. The banana tissue culture technology is one of the technologies used to aid the process of agricultural intensification. Due to its long history of food production, including the cultivation of bananas, the Kisii region is a significant contributor to Kenya's food security. However, because of issues brought on by social and economic considerations, the region's food output has been declining. Despite efforts to distribute this technology to small-scale farmers, majority of research studies in Kisii County show poor rates of technology adoption. The objective of this study was to examine the socioeconomic factors affecting implementing tissue culture bananas in Kisii County. The research used a descriptive study design. Two hundred respondents were chosen at random from the sample to participate in the study. Survey forms, interview schedules, and observation checklists were used for data collection. The means between adoption categories were declared at p < 0.05 in t-tests between tissue culture banana adoption and numerical factors. Chi-square tests were performed between adoption and categorical factors, and p < 0.05 was used to determine whether there were significant connections between the variables. The study adopted a logistic regression model with maximum likelihood estimation to calculate the likelihood that farmers will adopt tissue culture bananas as impacted by various socioeconomic factors. Results showed that the availability of extension services (p = 0.000), cost of seedlings (p = 0.000, x2=79.1), ability to purchase land (p = 0.006, x2=16.3), access to financing (p = 0.007, x2=7.468), education level (p = 0.015), ability to afford seedlings (p = 0.000, x2=17.6), labour availability (p = 0.005, x2=10.735), availability of farm inputs (p = 0.000, x2=35.9) and the size of household (p = 0.05, Std=1.8) were significant to tissue culture banana adoption. Socio-economic factors ought to be taken into account in order to assist a number of stakeholders in boosting banana output and enhancing food security.

Response of micropropagated tissue culture banana (Musa spp.) to acclimatization using arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi

The production of banana seedlings through tissue culture provides a reliable source of numerous, disease free, quality plantlets. However, the micropropagation process is faced with a number of challenges. In this study we are focusing on the improvement of survival and growth of the resultant plantlets during the acclimatization process. The viability of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) symbiont in the acclimatization process was assessed. Tissue culture bananas (Kienyeji, Kiganda and Ng’ombe local cultivars) were inoculated with single species AMF Rhizophagus irregularis and Funneliformis mosseae as well as commercial AMF Rhizatech. The survival rate was assessed and plant growth evaluated at a two week interval. Destructive harvesting was conducted followed by assessment of root, shoot and total biomass. The results demonstrated that Kiganda treated with Rhisophagus irregularis and Funneliformis mossae recorded better survival rates compared to treatments with NPK fertilizer and commercial AMF (Rhizatech). Kienyeji cultivar however had a better survival rate when treated with commercial AMF (Rhizatech). Ng’ombe cultivar was very resilient having 100 % survival rate when treated with indigenous AMF, commercial AMF (Rhizatech) and NPK. There were significant differences in the shoot dry weight, root dry weight and biomass in the three banana cultivars. Kiganda and Kienyeji cultivars had the highest biomass when treated with Funneliformis mossae of 0.52 g and 0.83 g respectively. The results in this study confirm that the use of AMF in the acclimatization process improves the overall seedling output of the micropropagation process during the nursery stage of production.

Variations in soil chemical properties and growth traits of tissue culture banana under bio-slurry soil amendments in Uganda

Variations in soil chemical properties and growth traits of tissue culture banana under bio-slurry soil amendments in Uganda

The use of ZnO NPs and Ag NPs along with sterilizing agents for managing contamination in banana tissue culture

The use of ZnO NPs and Ag NPs along with sterilizing agents for managing contamination in banana tissue culture

Effect of Different Levels of Calcium &amp; Magnesium on Production and Quality of Banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) cv. Grand Naine

The present experiment was conducted out during the 2022-2023 at the Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Science Prayagraj. The banana tissue culture cv. Grand Naine G-9 (Cavendish Subgroup, AAA) was brought from government tissues culture, unit Lucknow. Tissue culture plants were left in shade nets condition for 2 weeks due to transportation and environmental stress. Light and frequent irrigation with watering can was done accordingly with respect to moisture levels in the soil. The field experiment was set up in RBD with 9 treatments and three replications. The different levels of Magnesium viz., (75g and 150g /plant) and Calcium viz., (150g and 300 g/plant).Based on the findings of the experiment, it is concluded that RDN + Calcium (150g /plant) showed the highest plant height (3.29 m), plant girth (72.14 cm), number of leaves/plant (27.11), number of sucker at harvest (9.13), leaf area (10.19 m2), length of inflorescence (122.62 cm), days taken to flowering (281.77), days to taken fruit harvest (83.12), bunch weight (27.28 kg), no. of hands/bunch (10.80), No. of finger per hand (17.33),total number finger of bunch (187.31), finger weight (136.33 g), finger length (22.87 cm), finger girth (15.20 cm), fruit yield per plant (25.52 kg), TSS (23.48 °Brix), Vitamin C (13.48 mg/100g), carbohydrates (25.44 g/100g), calcium (10.38 mg/100g) and magnesium (40.38 mg/100g).

Bio-priming of banana tissue culture plantlets with endophytic Bacillus velezensis EB1 to improve Fusarium wilt resistance.

Tissue culture techniques have been routinely used for banana propagation and offered rapid production of planting materials with favorable genotypes and free of pathogenic microorganisms in the banana industry. Meanwhile, extensive scientific work suggests that micropropagated plantlets are more susceptible to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), the deadly strain that causes Fusarium wilt of bananas than conventional planting material due to the loss of indigenous endophytes. In this study, an endophytic bacterium Bacillus velezensis EB1 was isolated and characterized. EB1 shows remarkable in vitro antagonistic activity against Foc with an inhibition rate of 75.43% and induces significant morphological and ultrastructural changes and alterations in the hyphae of Foc. Colony-forming unit (c.f.u.) counting and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that EB1 could colonize both the surface and inner tissues of banana tissue culture plantlets. Banana tissue culture plantlets of late rooting stage bioprimed with EB1 could efficiently ward off the invasive of Foc. The bio-priming effect could maintain in the acclimatized banana plants and significantly decrease the disease severity of Fusarium wilt and induce strong disease resistance by manipulating plant defense signaling pathways in a pot experiment. Our results provide the adaptability and potential of native endophyte EB1 in protecting plants from pathogens and infer that banana tissue culture plantlets bio-priming with endophytic microbiota could be a promising biological solution in the fight against the Fusarium wilt of banana.

Endophytic fungi improve management of the burrowing nematode in banana (Musa spp.) through enhanced expression of defence-related genes

Summary The root-burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis, is reputedly the most damaging nematode pest of banana and responsible for major production losses. In this study, the endophytic potential of 13 fungal isolates was assessed for the management of R. similis in East African Highland bananas (‘Ng’ombe’). All isolates successfully colonised tissue-cultured banana roots, with isolates from Trichoderma, Fusarium and Hypocrea producing the highest (⩾49.1%) and Beauveria isolates the lowest (⩽14.4%) colonisation. The fungal endophytes T. asperellum (ICIPE 700) and H. lixii (ICIPE 697) were the most effective in reducing R. similis densities (&gt;81%) relative to the non-inoculated control. However, the combined inoculation of ICIPE 700 and ICIPE 697 led to greater suppression of R. similis (&gt;21%) relative to individual inoculation. Suppression of R. similis following inoculation of banana roots with ICIPE 700 and/or ICIPE 697 was associated with the significant upregulation of the defence-related gene PR-1, the cell signalling gene calmodulin Ca2+ and the cell-wall-strengthening gene β-1,3-glucan synthase. This study demonstrates the potential for nematode management in bananas with fungal endophytes, especially using the isolates ICIPE 700 and ICIPE 697 when combined.