Banana Pseudostem Research Articles

Innovative Whey-Based Pineapple Beverage Enriched with Banana Pseudostem and Ginger Extract

Aims: This study aimed to develop a pineapple-based whey beverage enriched with banana pseudostem extract and ginger, leveraging their nutritional and functional properties. By optimizing the formulation using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the research sought to create a nutritious and sustainable product that minimizes food waste while enhancing the beverage’s sensory appeal. Study Design: This research was experimental and performed in a laboratory. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at College of Dairy Science and Technology, KVASU, Pookode, Kerala, India, between the period of March 2022 and September 2022. Methodolgy: The whey drink was formulated by incorporating pineapple juice, ginger extract, and banana pseudostem extract, followed by optimization of ingredient levels based on sensory and RSM. Results: The optimum formulation of whey drink given by RSM to achieve the predicted maximum response values were 32.5% pineapple juice, 0.875% ginger extract and 8% sugar. The whey drink was found to have 92.3% moisture, 0.6% ash, 1.77% protein, 0.32% acidity, 4.5% pH, 10% total solids, 12% total soluble solids, 8.5% radical scavenging activity,0.12% fiber and 6.3% ascorbic acid.

Studi Prototipe Alat Pemintal Pelepah Pisang Bagi Kelompok Pengrajin Gedebog Pisang di Desa Kedungkeris

Banana trees are commonly found in the village of Kedungkeris, Nglipar District,Gunung Kidul Regency. The abundance of banana trees has not yet been utilized to itsfullest potential. After being cut down, the banana tree trunks are simply left to rot, eventhough they have economic value. The objectives of this activity are: 1) To transferknowledge and technology (IPTEKS) as a tangible manifestation of the Tri Dharma ofHigher Education carried out by lecturers from Universitas Widya Mataram, and 2) Tocreate a banana pseudostem spinner and test the tool. The methods used are: 1)Preparation and planning, 2) Designing, 3) Fabricating the tool, 4) Testing the tool, and5) Evaluating the results of the tool testing. The results of this activity indicate thatimprovements are needed in the braking system, the technique for connecting bananapseudostems, and the dryness level of the banana pseudostems.

Feed intake, weight gain and nutrient digestibility of large white Yorkshire pigs fed banana pseudo-stem silage and mixed silage of banana pseudo-stem and taro (Colocasia esculenta)

Feed intake, weight gain and nutrient digestibility of large white Yorkshire pigs fed banana pseudo-stem silage and mixed silage of banana pseudo-stem and taro (Colocasia esculenta)

Produção de biogás com resíduos sólidos gerados na produção de bioetanol utilizando biomassa da bananicultura

ABSTRACT Santa Catarina is a significant banana producer, responsible for 722 tons annually. For every 1,000 kg of bananas harvested, approximately 3,000 kg of pseudostem, 650 kg of peels, and 350 kg of rejected fruit are generated. Studies have evaluated the use of banana residues for bioethanol production. Solid residues like banana pseudostem bagasse, banana peels, and vinasse (fermented broth residue) are produced during this process. This study aimed to quantify and characterize these residues for biogas and methane production. Banana peels and vinasse were more suitable for containing lower total solids content and favorable C:N (carbon:nitrogen) ratios (10-30:1), yielding higher biochemical potential of methane (260 mLCH4 gvs -1) compared to banana pseudostem bagasse (201 mLCH4 gvs -1). However, vinasse had a high hydrogen sulfide content (0.0783%), necessitating desulphurization for safe biogas use. The results indicate that banana pseudostem bagasse, banana peels, and vinasse have substantial potential for biogas and methane production due to their high degradation rates. The biogas composition meets the criteria for use, with adequate methane and carbon dioxide concentrations, highlighting the viability of these residues for energy generation and contributing to sustainability in banana cultivation.

Sustainable valorization of agricultural waste into bioplastic and its end-of-life recyclability for biochar production: Economic profitability and life cycle assessment

While the industrial sectors have recently focused on producing bioplastic materials, the utilization of edible feedstocks and the generation of wastes and byproducts during the bioplastic synthesis process might delay achieving the environmental sustainability strategy. To overcome these limitations related to bioplastic industrialization, this study focuses on synthesizing bioplastics from waste sources, followed by recycling its end-of-life (e.g., spent and exhausted) material into biochar. Sweet potato peel waste, banana pseudo-stems, and cooking oil waste were used to extract starch, cellulose, and glycerol (a plasticizer) involved in bioplastic manufacturing, respectively. It was found that the cellulose content of 30% w w–1 in bioplastic maintained the best physicochemical, mechanical, and biodegradability properties, recommending a high applicability for food packaging. The exhausted bioplastic was then pyrolyzed to maintain a biochar yield of 32.60±0.89%, avoiding the risk of secondary pollution from waste material disposal. This biochar was utilized to treat wastewater generated from the bioplastic synthesis process, showing the optimum adsorption factors of biochar dosage= 3.81 g L–1, time= 102 min, and solution pH= 7.81. The combined bioplastic production, waste pyrolysis, and wastewater treatment scheme could earn profits from biomaterial sales, carbon credit, and pollution reduction shadow price, maintaining a 6.78-year payback period and a 12.09% internal rate of return. This integrated framework depicted better contributions to the mid-point/end-point life cycle assessment impact categories than the only bioplastic production scenario. This study contributed towards achieving several sustainable development goals (SDGs), including SDG#3: human health protection, SDG#6: wastewater treatment, and SDG#12: waste recycling.

MUSA PARADISIACA (KADALI) PSEUDOSTEM AS A POTENT NUTRACEUTICAL IN KIDNEY DISORDERS- A REVIEW

Musa paradisiaca, is a tropical plant widely recognized for its nutritional and medicinal properties. While the fruit is celebrated for its carbohydrate-rich composition and essential vitamins, the pseudostem-often treated as agricultural waste-has garnered attention for its remarkable therapeutic potential. This review compiles and critically analyzes current evidence on the pharmacological effects of the banana pseudostem, emphasizing its role as a nutraceutical in managing diseases such as urolithiasis, diabetes, and nephropathy. The pseudostem exhibits anti-inflammatory, diuretic, anti-urolithiatic, and nephroprotective properties, with studies demonstrating its ability to reduce stone-forming markers, such as glycollic acid oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase, while preventing kidney stone deposition. In diabetes management, the pseudostem shows anti-hyperglycemic effects by modulating advanced glycation end-products and improving kidney function, positioning it as a potential plant-based alternative for diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore, its nutraceutical applications extend to the development of functional foods and supplements, leveraging its rich nutritional profile of carbohydrates, fiber, protein, and essential minerals. By transforming the pseudostem from an underutilized byproduct into a valuable resource, Musa paradisiaca offers sustainable solutions for healthcare and agriculture. This review underscores the pseudostems potential in Ayurveda medicine, advocating its inclusion in dietary regimens and therapeutic formulations to address chronic conditions effectively.

Effects of Manganese Carbonate Addition on the Carbocatalytic Properties of Lignocellulosic Waste for Use in the Degradation of Acetaminophen.

A carbon-based material was synthesized using potato peels (BPP) and banana pseudo-stems (BPS), both of which were modified with manganese to produce BPP-Mn and BPS-Mn, respectively. These materials were assessed for their ability to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) in the presence of MnCO3 to degrade acetaminophen (ACE), an emerging water contaminant. The materials underwent characterization using spectroscopic, textural, and electrochemical techniques. Manganese served a dual function: enhancing adsorption properties and facilitating the breaking of peroxide bonds. Additionally, carbonate ions played a structural role in the materials, transforming into CO2 at high temperatures and thereby increasing material porosity, which improved adsorption capabilities. This presents a notable advantage for materials that have not undergone de-lignification. Among the materials tested, BPS exhibited the highest efficiency in the carbocatalytic degradation of ACE, achieving a synergy index of 1.31 within just 5 min, with 42% ACE degradation in BPS compared to BPS-Mn, which achieved 100% ACE removal through adsorption. Reactive oxygen species such as sulfate, hydroxyl, and superoxide anion radicals were identified as the primary contributors to pollutant degradation. In contrast, no degradation was observed for BPP and BPP-Mn, which is likely linked to the lower lignin content in their precursor material. This work addressed the challenge of revalorizing lignocellulosic waste by highlighting its potential as an oxidant for emerging pollutants. Furthermore, the study demonstrated the coexistence of various reactive oxygen species, confirming the capacity of carbon-based matrices to activate PMS.

Biogas yield from co-digesting banana pseudostems with cow dung: Transitioning from mesophilic to thermophilic regimes

Biogas yield from co-digesting banana pseudostems with cow dung: Transitioning from mesophilic to thermophilic regimes

Incidence of Banana Pseudostem Weevil, Odoiporous longicollis Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Major Banana Growing Districts of Northern Karnataka, India

A roving survey during 2020-21 was undertaken in different banana growing districts of Northern Karnataka to study the prevalence and the magnitude of the infestation of the banana pseudostem weevil, O.longicollis and to know the varietal reaction and preference to the banana pseudostem weevil. Observations of the survey revealed that the districts - wise mean percent infestation varied from 3.73 in Belagavi to 15.35 in Vijayanagar district. The maximum mean percent infestation was recorded in Vijayanagar (15.35) and Kalaburgi (14.67) districts. This was followed by the lowest infestation in Belagavi (3.73) district. The mean per cent infestation varied from 2.50 in the Rajapuri variety to 22.53 in the Sugandhi cultivar across the varieties in different districts. In respect to varieties, Sugandhi banana recorded the maximum level of infestation (22.53) followed by Red banana (22.00), whereas, Elakki recorded 12.53 and 11.33 mean percent infestation in Vijayanagar and Uttara Kannada districts. Grand-Naine was cultivated in all the districts, while redbanana, Sugandhi and Sakkare bale were cultivated only in Kalaburgi and Vijayanagar districts. The mean damage grade index of banana pseudostem weevil across seven varieties in seven districts of North Karnataka revealed highest damage grade index in redbanana (0.98) at Kalaburgi followed by Sugandhi (0.75) in Vijayanagar district. There were statistically significant differences in percent infestation among seven varieties and also among seven districts. Hence, the study highlighted the infestation of banana pseudostem weevil varied in North Karnataka based on the variety, cultivation practices and geographical location.

Survey on Influence of Cultural Practices on Banana Pseudostem Weevil, Odoiporus longicollis Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Infestation in Major Banana Growing Districts of Northern Karnataka, India

The production and productivity of banana is governed by many biotic and abiotic factors. Among biotic factors, incidence of insect-pests is considered as one of the major impedimentin successful cultivation of banana. With respect to the Indian condition around eight pests commonly infest the banana crop. However, the banana pseudostem weevil Odoiporus longicollis is cosmopolite insect pest that threatens the banana cultivation. The most common management practices followed for managing this pest includes cultural practices. Diverse cultural practices have been communicated to and/or applied by resource-poor households over the past two decades to improve the overall farm health and crop tolerance to biotic/abiotic factors. Therefore, cultural practices are the only measures available to small-scale farmers for the control of banana pseudostem weevil. Hence the survey was conducted during 2020-21 to study the influence of cultural practices on O. longicollis infestation in major banana growing districts of north Karnataka. From the survey results on the cultural practices reveals that the pest severity was more severe on ratoon crop fields and the frequency recorded was 37.82%. However, the frequency recorded was 1.68% in first crop, wherein no pest infestation was recorded in main crop. Whereas, good number of farmers could not make a difference in infestation of pest between main and ratoon crop (60.50%) and in such fields infestation level was 4.11%. The banana farmers who were interacted mainly used suckers (36.13%) and tissue culture plants (36.13%) for planting followed by rhizome (24.37%), whereas few farmers used suckers and rhizomes (3.36%) for planting in a single piece of land. Accordingly, the per cent infestation of BPW was less when both tissue cultured plants (4.84%) and suckers (5.53%) used for planting. Whereas, infestation was more severe when both suckers and rhizomes were used (27.50%) on same piece of land and which was followed by rhizomes alone (16.00%).

Silicified microcrystalline cellulose from renewable banana pseudostem: Physicochemical and functional analysis

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) has been isolated from numerous sources through acid hydrolysis of mercerized cellulose. Due to the fibrous shape, its poor flow ability and lower compactibility, MCC is often co-processed with other excipients to improve its functional properties. Musa MCC was isolated from the pseudostem of Musa balbisiana and silicified with 2 % silicon dioxide (SMCC) through homogenization followed by filtration and oven drying. Both Musa MCC and SMCC were thoroughly characterized through FTIR, SEM- EDS, XRD, and TGA-DTG analysis. Detailed pharmaceutical functional properties including packing and rearrangement, consolidation, compressibility, compactibility and tabletability were also investigated and compared against the standard commercial grade MCC. While the percent crystallinity was reduced by silicification, there was enhanced resistance to thermal degradation. By reducing the internal friction, silicification was able to decrease the cohesiveness and improve the flow property of MCC. From Heckel plot and the yield pressure obtained, silicification reduces the extent of plastic deformation of MCC. However, silicification successfully improved the compactibity, tabletability and manufacturability of the Musa MCC. Results from these analyses show that the pseudostem of M balbisiana is a potential sustainable source of highly functional MCC and the silicification process improved the compactibility and tabletability of the MCC.

Surface Modification of Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) from Banana (<i>Musa paradisiaca</i>) Pseudo-Stem with Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB)

Modifying cellulose nanofiber (CNF) is necessary to improve its hydrophobic properties for broader applications. The surface of CNF from the banana pseudo-stem (Musa paradisiaca) was modified using a cationic surfactant, Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB). Principally, CNF surface sulfate ester group counterions are substituted for cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA+), which acts as a bulky, amphiphilic cation. Three steps produce CNF from banana pseudo-stem: delignification, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis. The acid hydrolysis process was optimized by adjusting the concentration of sulfuric acid. A 50% sulfuric acid concentration produced CNF with a size of 118 nm and the highest stability of its zeta potential value of -28.4 mV. The hydrophobicity of CNF increased after CTAB modification, as demonstrated by a change in surface charge from -28.4 mV to +3.63 mV. The modified CNF50-CTAB had a contact angle of 45.5º. In addition, CNF50-CTAB was unstable in water and formed stable colloidal suspensions in chloroform.

Evaluating the Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management Practices on Land Productivity, Crop Residue Decomposition and Abundance of Soil Organisms in a Banana Plantation in Sri Lanka

The fertilization practices heavily influence the decomposition rate of organic materials added to soil. Hence, the nutrient management strategies that aim to improve crop yields may not necessarily support organic carbon accumulation in soil and overall soil fertility. This study investigated how land productivity, crop residue decomposition and diversity of soil organisms were affected by the combined use of chemical fertilizers (CF) and poultry manure (PM) in a banana plantation in Buttala, Sri Lanka. Banana yield, soil properties and decomposition of crop residues were studied in six treatments as, CF1+PM1, CF1+PM2, CF1+PM3, CF2 +PM1, CF2+PM2, and CF2+PM3. CF1 and CF2 correspond with 75% and 100% of recommended CF application rate. PM1, PM2 and PM3 correspond with PM application rates of 0, 2.5 and 5 kg/plant. Crop residue decomposition was assessed using litter bags containing two litter materials as banana pseudo-stem pieces and banana leaves and placed at two depths (surface and at 7.5 cm depth). Litter bags were recovered at 17, 31 and 45 days after placement (DAP) and weight loss of crop residues was determined. The application of poultry manure significantly increased (P<0.01) banana yield at first harvest and decreased (P<0.1) bulk density. Type of material and time of exposure to decomposition had significant effects (P<0.05) on litter decomposition but depth of placement and nutrient management strategy had no significant effect (P>0.05) on decomposition. By 45 DAP pseudo-stems were degraded more than leaves (67.47±13.99 % and 46.90±5.76 %, respectively). The abundance of culturable bacteria and cellulose decomposers in soil and the abundance of soil fauna in decomposing litter were significantly (P<0.1) increased with the PM application to soil. In conclusion, in the studied banana plantation, incorporation of PM in nutrient management increased land productivity and had positive impact on some soil properties, which are important determinants of soil fertility but did not register any effects on crop residue decomposition during the study period.

High removal of volatile organic compounds on hierarchical carbons prepared from agro-industrial waste of banana fruit production for air decontamination.

Activated carbons were prepared from residues from agro-industrial banana production (banana pseudostem) and evaluated in the capture of five different volatile organic compounds (VOCs): dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, hexane, and cyclohexane. The biomass was first submitted to a hydrothermal treatment in the presence of KOH or ZnCl2 as activating agents, followed by a dry pyrolysis. This new advance in methodology contributes to producing activated carbons with hierarchical porosity and high surface areas (701-1312 m2g-1), promoting increased interest in managing waste from banana fruit agricultural production. VOC capture studies were performed by thermal analysis, and capture capacities were similar to or higher than those presented in the literature. Higher adsorption capacities were related to the amount of available micropores, and the capture capacity was enhanced by the contribution of small mesopores. As the highest adsorbed amounts of dichloromethane (933mgg-1 at 25°C) were obtained for the material activated with ZnCl2 (1:3), further studies were carried out for this system. The experimental data was fitted using a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. A study was carried out in different atmospheres (He, N2, air), showing that co-adsorption is occurring. Under simulated environmental conditions, the capture capacity decreased slightly at equilibrium, and the new adsorbent was used for up to ten cycles without significantly losing its efficiency, indicating good application in the field.

Influence of drying temperature on the properties of Colombian banana fibers for its potential use as reinforcement in composite materials

This study investigated the impact of drying temperature on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of banana pseudostem fibers sourced from the Cordoba region in Colombia. Banana fibers (BFs) were extracted through mechanical decortication from the banana pseudostem (BP) of the plant and subsequently oven-dried at temperatures of 40 °C and 90 °C. Six mathematical models were employed to analyze the drying behavior of the fibers. The density of the BFs was determined using the apparent density method, and their chemical composition was evaluated via bromatological analysis. Fiber diameter was measured using optical microscopy (OM). The BF samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), contact angle measurements, and tensile testing. The results indicated that noncellulosic materials were removed from the fibers when dried at 90 °C, as evidenced by alterations in thermal degradation and fiber surface morphology observed through TG and SEM, suggesting a reduction in lignin content. While drying temperature did not affect fiber stiffness or ductility, a correlation with fiber diameter was noted. Thinner fibers, ranging from 148 to 250 μm, exhibited increased tensile strength and Young’s modulus, attributed to a more compact microfibril arrangement.

Production and Characterization of Mineral-Enriched Nadep Composts for Enhanced Soil Fertility

Aim: Production and characterization of NADEP composts using aquatic weeds as substrates and enriched with different minerals, were conducted to evaluate its feasibility for agricultural purpose. Study Design: The experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design comprising 12 treatments and three replications. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the model organic Farm of the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala Agricultural University, between December 2023 and January 2024. Methods: Aquatic weeds, Limnocharis flava and Eichhornia crassipes, were collected from Vellayani lake and mixed with banana pseudostem in different proportions for compost preparation. Once the compost reached maturity, it was enriched with minerals such as calcium apatite and epsom salt. The resultant compost was then analyzed for its physical, chemical, and biological properties. Results: The NADEP compost, made from a 1:1 mixture of L. flava and E. crassipes and enriched with calcium apatite and epsom salt, was found to be the most effective treatment. It showed higher levels of macro and micronutrients, an ideal C: N ratio, improved enzyme activity, and a significant microbial load. Conclusion: NADEP composting has emerged as a highly effective and environmentally sustainable approach to producing high-quality compost in a prompt and efficient way. This method transforms aquatic weeds, such as Limnocharis and Eichhornia crassipes, which pose a threat to aquatic ecosystems, into valuable compost, thereby promoting effective waste management and advancing sustainable agricultural practices.

Comparative assessment of autoclave- and microwave-facilitated seawater pretreatments for the enhancement of sugar recovery from banana pseudostem

Comparative assessment of autoclave- and microwave-facilitated seawater pretreatments for the enhancement of sugar recovery from banana pseudostem

A preliminary investigation of banana pseudo-stem (Musa cavendish) for pulp and paper production: morphology, chemical composition, FTIR, XRD and thermogravimetric analysis

Abstract In today’s world, the use of paper and cardboard increasing but the availability of raw materials and the environmental impact on the paper industry is a big concern. To address these concerns, researchers are exploring the potential of agricultural waste products as raw materials for pulp production. This study uses morphological, chemical composition, FTIR, XRD, and thermogravimetric analysis to examine the potential of banana pseudo-stem as a raw material for paper pulp to address environmental concerns and raw material shortages in the paper industry. The study reveals favorable characteristics for papermaking, including long fiber length (1750 μm), thin cell wall thickness (9.7 μm), and large lumen diameter (22.15 μm). The chemical composition of banana pseudo-stem contains cellulose (44.93 %), hemicellulose (23.7 %), and Klason lignin (11.1) showing its suitability for pulp production. FTIR analysis highlights the functional groups present on the banana pseudo-stem. The XRD analysis shows that it has a similar cellulosic peak and crystallinity index with common raw materials used in pulp production. The thermogravimetric analysis shows that the banana pseudo-stem has high thermal stability. The findings demonstrate that banana pseudo-stem, both by itself and in combination with other raw materials, might be a potential raw material for the pulp production.

Mechanical and Physical Properties of Binderless Particleboard from Rice Straw and Banana Pseudostem

Mechanical and Physical Properties of Binderless Particleboard from Rice Straw and Banana Pseudostem

Development of Ready to Drink Banana Pseudostem Beverage Incorporated with Pineapple and Grape Extract

Background: Banana pseudostem (Musa acuminata) comprises nearly 30% of plant biomass and carries a substantial quantity of fiber and moisture. Banana pseudostem beverage was developed from banana tender core, natural extracts (Pine apple and Grape) and 2% citric acid used as an antibrowning agent. The present study aimed to develop ready-to-drink banana pseudostem juice incorporated with pineapple and grape extract. The banana pseudostem juice (80%) was incorporated with pineapple (20%) and grape (20%) extracts. Methods: The proximate composition of the ready-to-drink banana pseudostem beverage and the physicochemical properties of banana pseudostem extract were analyzed using standard procedures. Sensory evaluation and microbial quality were analyzed for ready-to-drink banana pseudostem beverages stored at 25°C and 4°C. The beverages were evaluated at 6 days interval period. Result: The ready-to-drink beverages were evaluated at a 6-day interval period. The result of the physicochemical properties of the ready-to-drink banana pseudostem beverage incorporated with pineapple and grape extract during storage at ambient and refrigerated temperature. The banana pseudostem beverage pH value gradually increased and its acidity value decreased. The total soluble solids remained constant, viscosity at 25°C was decreased, at 4°C viscosity was increased during the storage period up to 12 days. During storage conditions, the total soluble solids remain constant, while the viscosity increased at 4! and reduced at 25°C. Minimal substantial changes were observed in the quality of ready-to-drink banana pseudostem beverages during storage conditions. The pineapple extract-flavored pseudostem beverages during storage conditions. The pineapple extract-flavored pseudostem beverage was very well-liked by consumers, according to the organoleptic evaluation. The quality of ready-to-drink banana pseudostem beverages was minimal significant changes were observed. Based on the organoleptic evaluation, the pineapple extract flavored pseudostem beverage was highly accepted by consumer preference. The banana pseudostem beverage incorporated with pineapple extracts was microbiologically safe for 12 days at 25°C and 4°C for human consumption. After 12 days at (25°C) and (4°C), the banana pseudostem beverage incorporated with pineapple extracts proved microbiologically safe.