Penaeus Indicus Research Articles

Appraisal of heavy metal levels in some marine organisms gathered from the Vellar and Uppanar estuaries Southeast Coast of Indian Ocean

ABSTRACTThree marine organisms Mugil cephalus, Portunus pelagicus and Penaeus indicus were gathered from the Vellar and Uppanar estuaries, Southeast Coast of India . Their muscle tissues, gills, gonads, and skin were investigated for the presence of some trace elements, by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry. The results showed that the Aluminum concentration level was observed to be greatest in all of the examined marine organisms followed by Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd. The highest level of Aluminum observed in skin, gonad and gill of mullet fish followed by crab gonad and shrimp muscle respectively. Vellar estuarine organisms showed significantly lower concentrations of heavy metals compared to organisms obtained from the Uppanar estuary. The minimum level of Cadmium was observed in all the tissues of the studied marine organisms. None of the trace metals investigated in Vellar and Uppanar estuaries was over the extreme allowable level endorsed by CODEX.

Estimation of Growth and Mortality Parameters for Two Penaeid Species of Tanzanian Coastal Waters

Assessment of the growth and mortality parameters of Fenneropenaeus indicus and Metapenaeus monoceros was conducted. Samples for the study were collected during two ship surveys conducted in February and June 2011 and from land-based surveys on two sites at Bagamoyo and Nyamisati, which was conducted between February 2011 and December 2012. Lengthbased stock assessment FiSAT II software package was used for assessment. The growth parameters which were asymptotic size (L∞), growth coefficient (K), total (Z) and natural (M) mortality, exploitation rate (E) and recruitment pattern were estimated. The results of analysis indicate that asymptotic size (L∞) for F. indicus was 44.1 mm CL for zone 1, zone 2 and Bagamoyo while Nyamisati was 48.3 mm CL. The growth coefficient (K) was 0.42, 0.83, 0.3 and 0.65 per year for zone 1, zone 2, Bagamoyo and Nyamisati respectively. The natural mortality (M) value was low in Bagamoyo and high in zone 2 while exploitation rate (E) and was high at Nyamisati area and low at Bagamoyo site. The study observed high exploitation levels on the two land-based sites (Bagamoyo and Nyamisati) despite the existing moratorium on prawn commercial fishing activities since 2008 hence seasonal closure for artisanal fishers was recommended.

Complete Genome Sequence of White Spot Syndrome Virus Isolated from Indian White Prawn (Fenneropenaeus indicus) in Egypt.

White spot disease, caused by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), has caused major losses in shrimp farming in Egypt since 2009. The genome sequence of the WSSV-Egypt isolate will be valuable in epidemiological studies to delineate the origin and spread of WSSV in Egypt and elsewhere in the world.

Development of Water Quality Criteria for Fenneropenaeus indicus Against Arsenic by Flow-through System in the Central West Coast of India at Goa

Development of Water Quality Criteria for <i>Fenneropenaeus indicus</i> Against Arsenic by Flow-through System in the Central West Coast of India at Goa

Baseline measurements of 210Po and 210Pb in the seafood of Kasimedu fishing harbour, Chennai, South East Coast of India and related dose to population

Abstract The Bioaccumulation studies of natural radionuclides such as 210Po & 210Pb was carried out to explain the radiation levels of Kasimedu fishing harbour, Chennai, southeast coast of India. Abiotic components like water, sediment and biotic components (Fish species: Synagris japonicas, Megalapsis cordyla, Engraulis indicus and Sciaena aneus) crustaceans (Shrimp species: Fenneropenaeus indicus and Fenneropenaeus monodon; Crab species: Scylla serrata and Portunus sanguinolentus), were taken as experimental samples. The observed concentration of natural radionuclide 210Po was 3.6 mBq·L−1, and 210Pb was 1.90 m mBq·L−1 in the water samples of Kasimedu fishing harbour and the concentration of 210Po was 21.3 Bq kg−1 and 210Pb was 35.7 Bq kg−1 in sediment samples. The higher accumulation rates of 210Po & 210Pb were observed in crustacean crab species Scylla serrata than in other biotic samples shows that, it can be used as a bioindicator for radionuclides in the Kasimedu fishing harbour. The concentration factor of 210Po ranged from 6.5 × 103 to 9.3 × 105 but for 210Pb ranged from 3.8 × 103 to 4.8 × 105. The acquired effective dose for population was calculated and the results were discussed in the range from 30.1 to 630.8 μSv/year for 210Po and 22.7–287.5 μSv/year for 210Pb.

Ovarian Development of the Penaeid Shrimp Penaeus indicus (Decapoda): A Case for the Indian Ocean Coastal Waters of Kilifi Creek, Kenya

The Indian prawn Penaeus indicus, is one of the major commercial shrimp species globally. It is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific; from eastern and south-eastern Africa, through India, Malaysia and Indonesia to southern China and northern Australia. The species has been recorded to reach 22 cm, inhabiting depths of 100 m. Globally P. indicus is widely studied, although majority of the studies have focused on developmental stages between shallow waters and the deep seas. Studies indicate that development takes place in the sea before the larvae move into estuaries to grow, then return as sub-adults. However, studies on the maturity of this species in shallow waters and especially creeks and embayments are clearly lacking for the Kenyan coastline. This study was conducted in the Kilifi Creek, north coast Kenya, from the mouth at the Kilifi Bridge to past Kibokoni, some 5 km into the creek. Samples were collected from 6 landing sites. Morphometric and biological data including total length (TL, cm), carapace length (CL, cm), body weight (BW, g) and sex were recorded, and the specimens dissected to check for ovarian development and maturity. Ovarian development stages were determined from size, shape and colour of the ovaries, and through frequency analysis of the cortical granules. A total of 1,149 specimens were sampled from January to April, 2018. The catch mostly comprised of the 1.5 cm to 2.5 cm CL size class. However some individuals in the >4.0 cm CL size class were also recorded suggesting that some individuals still matured in the creeks although majority are known to migrate deep sea. Regression analysis showed a strong positive correlation between CL, and TL (r2=0.7548) and BW (r2=0.7497). The condition factor ranged from 0.19-0.94 indicating presence of both immature/spent (4.7%) and ripe individuals (95.3%) in good condition. Size frequency analysis of the ovary cortical granules displayed a poly-modal pattern with 2 peaks of immaturity and 3 peaks for developing and near-ripe respectively. The presence of spent stages as well as mature specimens in the creek waters indicated that apart from using these habitats as nursery and feeding grounds, some of the individuals might also be growing, maturing and spawning in the creek, calling for further studies into the assessment of the growth patterns and reproductive aspects of this species in the Kilifi Creek and other coastal waters.

Detection and Survival of Vibrio Species in Shrimp (Penaeus indicus) and Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) at Landing and after Processing at Seafood Markets in Suez, Egypt

Detection and Survival of Vibrio Species in Shrimp (Penaeus indicus) and Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) at Landing and after Processing at Seafood Markets in Suez, Egypt

Genetic parameters of survival in four generations of Indian white shrimp (Fenneropeneaus indicus)

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the genetic variance for survival at harvest of Indian white shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) using a pedigreed synthetic population generated upon collecting broodstock from different fishery grounds in Egypt. The estimated heritabilities (h 2 ± SE) of survival from generations G0 to G3 ranged from 0.144 ± 0.026 to 0.008 ± 0.030 using a model that included the common environmental effect (c 2). Low heritability (0.014 ± 0.015) was estimated across generations with the inclusion of common environmental effect (c 2). However, the h 2 of survival from G0 to G1 ranged from 0.569 ± 0.071 to 0.410 ± 0.011 when c 2 was not included. The genetic correlation for survival between different ponds from G0 to G3 was moderate to high (0.79 ± 0.042 to 0.83 ± 0.012) but significantly different (P < 0.05). There were low correlation coefficients (−0.237 ± 0.089 to 0.316 ± 0.073) between body weight estimated breeding value (EBV) and survival EBV of families in four generations.

Patterns in prawn production across space and time – based on the data emanated from Penaeus monodon and Fenneropenaeus indicus inhabiting the brackish water Chilika lagoon in the Bay of Bengal

ABSTRACTThe Chilika lagoon is famous for its prawn fishery that includes commercially important species, namely Penaeus monodon and Fenneropenaeus indicus. A literature search in the Scopus database revealed that a spatiotemporal variability in the production has not yet been carried out microscopically for any species of the Chilika lagoon. We, therefore, examined the pattern of landing biomass of these two species across space and time. We obtained daily production data from each landing center over a period of two years continuously. Thereafter, we computed monthly averages of production using log-transformed data and performed Cosinor rhythmometry with a fixed time window (τ = 365.25 d). We obtained the circannual rhythm parameters, such as Mesor, amplitude, and the peak. The results revealed an interesting phenomenon in the pattern of locations of the peaks of the circannual rhythm in the production of the two sympatric prawn species. A peak partitioning was evident. This implies that the abundance of each species in the identical niche is timed significantly differently leading to the optimization of coexistence. Concluding, there is a necessity to identify the stimuli that influence the observed spatial and temporal heterogeneity in monthly and annual production patterns of the two prawn species.

Genetic connectivity of Fenneropenaeus indicus (H. Milne Edwards 1837) among three prawn fishing grounds of Tanzanian coastal waters

The penaeid prawn fishery of Tanzanian coastal waters occurs within three main fishing grounds referred to as zone 1, 2 and 3. The three zones are connected to major estuaries of Ruvu, Rufiji and Matandu rivers, respectively. The genetic connectivity of Fenneropenaeus indicus population in those areas had not been previously studied. The population study was performed to test the hypothesis that only a single population exists in the area, utilizing the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data. There were 89 sequences of F. indicus used in the analysis. Results indicated that there were 36 haplotypes and the mean haplotype diversity (h) was relatively moderate when there was a low level of nucleotide diversity (π). The FST values ranged from −0.00798 to 0.00918 indicating the absence of differentiations between localities. The Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs statistic showed the presence of recent expansion of the population. An analysis of molecular variation (AMOVA) indicated a higher variation within a population than among populations. The study established that the populations existing in the three prawn fishing grounds were a panmictic population. Thus, the reconsideration of the geographical distribution of the fishing grounds (Zones 1–3) and extension of closed season management strategy to the artisanal fishers are recommended. Further study is recommended using nuclear markers to infer population structure in the coastal waters of Tanzania.

Effects of selected processing treatments on antigenicity of banana prawn (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis) tropomyosin

SummaryDifferent processing techniques were assessed to attenuate the antigenicity of banana prawn tropomyosin (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis). Frying and boiling at different temperatures, acid treatment using different acids and storage at −20 °C up to 3 months were investigated. Untreated prawn sample was used as a control. Frying significantly increased antigenicity (6–8 times) in temperature‐dependent manner, whereas the trend was fundamentally reversed with boiling. Boiling at 121 °C resulted in the lowest antigenicity (12.99 mg mL−1) among all heat‐treated samples, yet higher than the control (5.06 mg mL−1). Freezing had initially very minor impact, although prolonged storage at −20 °C increased antigenicity slightly (2.29 mg mL−1) compared with control. Antigenicity was impacted the most by a reduction in pH independent on the type of acid as both acetic and HCl acids significantly reduced antigenicity of tropomyosin by ~90% compared with control. This could be considered as a new approach to processing that may potentially reduce tropomyosin‐derived antigenicity in prawns and prawn products. This study also confirmed the actual molecular weight of banana prawn tropomyosin was 37 kDa implementing a new methodology using unstained gel.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI VOLUME EKSPOR UDANG PUTIH (PENAEUS INDICUS) INDONESIA KE HONGKONG SERTA IMPLIKASI KEBIJAKANNYA

This study aimed to analyze the factors that affect the volume of Indonesian exports of white shrimp (Penaeus indicus) to Hongkong and to formulate policies that can increase the volume of exports. Ordinary Least Square method (OLS) is used to analyze the factors that affect the volume of Indonesian white shrimp exports to Hongkong by time series data (time series) period of the last 24 years (1990 until 2013). All independent variables that have significant influence on the volume of Indonesian exports of white shrimp, which are: Hongkong population, Hongkong GDP per capita constant 2005, the nominal selling price of white shrimp Indonesia to Hongkong, the nominal selling price of white shrimp competitor to Hongkong, the nominal exchange rate of the Indonesian to Hongkong and Indonesian economic crisis in 1998 (dummy). Key words: Hongkong, Ordinary Least Square (OLS), the export volume, the white shrimp (Penaeus indicus)

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI VOLUME EKSPOR UDANG PUTIH (PENAEUS INDICUS) INDONESIA KE HONGKONG SERTA IMPLIKASI KEBIJAKANNYA

This study aimed to analyze the factors that affect the volume of Indonesian exports of white shrimp (Penaeus indicus) to Hongkong and to formulate policies that can increase the volume of exports. Ordinary Least Square method (OLS) is used to analyze the factors that affect the volume of Indonesian white shrimp exports to Hongkong by time series data (time series) period of the last 24 years (1990 until 2013). All independent variables that have significant influence on the volume of Indonesian exports of white shrimp, which are: Hongkong population, Hongkong GDP per capita constant 2005, the nominal selling price of white shrimp Indonesia to Hongkong, the nominal selling price of white shrimp competitor to Hongkong, the nominal exchange rate of the Indonesian to Hongkong and Indonesian economic crisis in 1998 (dummy). Key words: Hongkong, Ordinary Least Square (OLS), the export volume, the white shrimp (Penaeus indicus)

Genome size estimation of brackishwater fishes and penaeid shrimps by flow cytometry.

Flow cytometry was used for estimating the genome size of five brackishwater finfish and four shrimp species. The genome size for Lutjanus argentimaculatus was 0.95 ± 0.10 and 0.79 ± 0.01pg for Scatophagus argus. The genome sizes for Chanos chanos (0.72 ± 0.01pg), Etroplus suratensis (1.71 ± 0.16pg) and Liza macrolepis (0.87 ± 0.02pg) which are important aquaculture species are reported for the first time in this study. The phylogenetic tree constructed using sixty-seven sequence accessions of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene of Lates calcarifer revealed two separate clades. The Indian Lates calcarifer species with estimated genome size of 0.44 ± 0.02pg belonged to a clade different than that of South East Asia and Australia reported to have larger genome size. The genome size for the four major species of genus Penaeus (Penaeus monodon, Penaeus indicus, Penaeus vannamei and Penaeus japonicus) were found in similar range. The genome size of female shrimps ranged from 2.91 ± 0.03pg (P. monodon) to 2.14 ± 0.02pg (P. japonicus). In male shrimps, the genome size ranged from 2.86 ± 0.06pg (P. monodon) to 2.19 ± 0.02pg (P. indicus). Significant difference was observed in the genome size between male and female shrimp of all species except in P. monodon. The highest relative difference of 12.78% was observed in the genome size between the either sex in P. indicus. The interspecific relative difference of 30.59% in genome size was highest between the male shrimps of P. monodon and P. indicus and 35.98% between the female shrimps of P. monodon and P. japonicus. The stored gills and pleopod tissues could be successfully used up to 3 weeks to estimate the genome size in shrimps.

Supplementation of an Immunomodulator, Ergosan in Early Larvae Rearing of Indian White Prawn, &lt;i&gt;Fenneropenaeus indicus&lt;/i&gt;

Efficacy of an algine-based immunomodulator, Ergosan was tested on growth and survival of early larval stages (nauplii – PL3) of Indian white shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus in fibreglass tanks (10,000 l) for two larval rearing cycles. Larvae fed on a diet with Ergosan were considered as treatment and those fed on a diet without Ergosan as control. Both control and treatments were replicated in five tanks and arranged in a completely randomized design. Significant difference (P < 0.01) in survival was observed between control and treatment. However, growth of larvae was not influenced by the supplementation of Ergosan. Total colony forming units, yellow, green Vibrio and luminescent bacterial colonies were found to be significantly decreased in treatment tanks. Thus Ergosan was found to be a safe immunomodulator for improving larval survival and reducing bacterial load in rearing water.

Development of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) for tropical brackishwater species in Sindhudurg District, Maharashtra, west coast of India

Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), farming of species from different trophic levels and with complimentary ecosystem function, is regarded as a suitable approach to develop a sustainable aquaculture system. In order to establish an IMTA system, a study was carried out in Sindhudurg District, Maharashtra, India for selected tropical brackish-water species. Two equal sized pens (250 m2) were constructed for IMTA and control respectively in each land based system and open water cages were set in the estuary. Different combinations of fed species (Chanos chanos, Etroplus suratensis, Mugil cephalus, Penaeus indicus) and an extractive crop (Crassostrea madrasensis) were stocked in IMTA experimental system whereas monoculture of P. indicus served as control. Water quality characteristics were found to be within the admissible limits. Soil organic carbon was found to be lesser in the IMTA system compared to control. The productivity of IMTA system was higher than control: 3250 kg h-1 vs 2000 kg ha-1. Further, income and benefit-cost ratio was found to be higher in IMTA pens. The present study concludes that IMTA is a possible option for system diversification as well as species diversification without compromising economic profitability of culture.

Retrieval and cryopreservation of sperm in spermatophores from cadaveric Indian white shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837)

This study focused on the quality of sperm obtained from spermatophores of cadaveric shrimp after long-term storage. Spermatophores were collected using the stripping method, which has resulted in maximum sperm viability when this approach was previously used. Cryoprotectants toxicity assessment of samples was conducted using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), methanol (MeOH), ethylene glycol (EG), glycerol (Gly), dimethyl acetamide (DMA) and propylene glycol (PG) at different concentrations (5%, 10% and 30% v/v), prepared in Ca-F saline. Based on the results from the cryoprotectant toxicity assay, DMSO and MeOH were used individually as well as in combination for the subsequent study. Samples along with cryoprotectants were subjected to slow and fast freezing protocols (i.e. −0.5, and −10 °C/min to a final temperature of −80 °C) and were subsequently stored in LN2 (196 °C). Similarly, vitrification was performed by plunging the samples directly in to LN2. Samples of control and cryopreserved spermatophores that were stored for 45 days had sperm viabilities of 91.4 ± 3.6% and 53.9 ± 4.7%, respectively. Further observations with HOST and DNA integrity analyses of the cryopreserved sperm, resulted in percentages of 45.6 ± 4.2%; 58.1 ± 1.7% compared to control values of 82.3 ± 4.8%; 94.3 ± 1.9%, respectively. Use of the one-step slow freezing protocol at the rate of -0.5 °C/min between 4 °C and −80 °C in LN2 with DMSO (5%) + MeOH (5%) was a desirable preservation strategy of spermatophores, compared to other freezing protocols. Unlike sperm viability, the HOST results affirm the fertility potential of the sperm that have the capacity to participate in the fertilization process. Thus, the results of this study demonstrate that long term storage of sperm in spermatophores of Fenneropenaeus indicus collected from cadaveric specimens can result in viable sperm after cryopreservation if extender (Ca-F saline) containing DMSO and MeOH are used.

MEY for a short-lived species: A neural network approach

This paper develops a neural network approach to estimate ‘Maximum Economic Yield’ (MEY) for a short-lived species. Unlike long-lived species, short-lived species are often relatively resistant to fishing pressure, but overall stock availability and MEY can also vary considerably in these fisheries due to environmental factors, such as changes in ocean currents and the weather. We argue that the common CPUE approach results in economic overfishing (lost profitability) if the price of fish varies with catch and, if so, neural networks can provide a very useful ex-ante prediction for stock availability and estimates of MEY, depending on how environmental factors unfold. Our approach is illustrated using a case study for banana prawn catch in the Australian Northern Prawn Fishery. Results show the superiority in both data-fitness and the predictive capability of the neural network approach, helping to provide a more reliable rainfall-dependent measure of MEY, thus avoiding the risk of economic overfishing in the currently applied catch-rate or trigger strategy. The results enforce our view that the CPUE approach generally results in economic overfishing if fish price varies with the catch.

Systematic review and health risk assessment of arsenic and lead in the fished shrimps from the Persian gulf

The ingestion of heavy metals through contaminated seafood can causes significant outcomes on human health. In recent years, consume fishes and shrimps has increased in Iran, and several study about heavy metals content in fishes and shrimps from Persian Gulf were carried out to check their food safety. The aims of these systematic reviews and meta-analysis was to summarize the evidence on the relation of the intakes of Arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) levels, based on the origin and sub-groups of shrimp species consumed, Hence that we can estimate the risk of oral cancer induced by Pb in these groups of shrimp from the persian gulf.We carried out a search of all suitable studies published between 1995 and 2017 in Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed and Web of Science databases. Since the heterogeneity among studied was significant, we used the random effect model (REM) to perform meta-analysis of data.Data were obtained from 9 articles (14 studies), with 511 samples, and it was reported that pooled levels of As and Pb in the muscle shrimps were 1.37 (95% CI: 0.66–2.08 mg/kg d.w.) and 0.58 (95% CI: 0.33–0.82 mg/kg d.w.), respectively. This pooled levels in muscle shrimps were higher than safe dose reported on Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization guidelines (FAO/WHO). The rank order of shrimps species based on As was Panulirus homarus > Penaeus semisulcatus and for the Pb levels was Litopenaeus vannamei > Panulirus homarus > Fenneropenaeus indicus > Metapenaeus affinis.The lowest and highest risk levels of oral cancer, divided by consumers age groups, were respectively 45–54 (6.94E-04) and 15–24 (8.42E-04) for the Pb, Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) of Pb and As was higher than 10-4 respectively.

Genetic, nutritional and pathological investigations on the effect of feeding low protein diet and biofloc on growth performance, survival and disease prevention of Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of feeding low protein diets (~20BFd20.13; ~22BFd22.20; ~24BFd24.32, and ~26BFd26.44) in the presence of the biofloc on the growth performance and feed utilization of (Fenneropenaeus indicus) in comparison with commercial feed of 35% CP as control. The present study was based on application of genetic, nutritional and pathological tools. The biofloc was developed in the low protein diet using molasses as a carbon source. Fifty juveniles F. indicus with an average body weight of 0.52 ± 0.03 g were stocked in 50 L plastic tanks. Low protein diets and the control were tested in three replicates over a 112 days feeding trial. There were significant differences in protein, amino acids profile, lipids and fatty acids profile between the control and low diets group in the presence of the biofloc. However, less variation was noticed in the whole body composition (protein, amino acid profile, lipids and fatty acid profiles) of the shrimp between the control and low diets groups in the presence of the biofloc. There were no significant differences in final weight between control and low diets groups. Same trend was noted in the SGR, which did not vary significantly between low protein diets and control. However, the utilization of the biofloc by shrimp as a feed source was evident by the significant differences (P< 0.05) in FCR between low protein diets and control. There was a significant difference in the shrimp survival (%) (P< 0.05) between the low protein diets and the control which ranged between 86.66 % and 66.66 %, respectively. The development of biofloc significantly reduced the TAN, nitrate NO3-N and nitrite NO2-N levels in the low protein diets tanks. Diagnostic of mortality cases revealed that biofloc can serve as a biosecurity system for shrimp farmimg. RAPD-PCR were used to study the epidemiology of Vibrio parahaemolyticus responsible for early mortality syndrome (EMS) isolated from the water of culture system. The OPC5 (GATGACCGCC) primer produced bands ranged from 1 to 8 with sizes from 0.2–5.0 kb.