Banana Cv Research Articles

Biostimulant in acclimatization of micropropagated banana (Musa spp.) seedlings

Microorganisms, such as growth-promoting bacteria, may favor the obtaining of better-quality banana (Musa spp.) seedlings. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of inoculation with growth-promoting bacteria Bacillus sp. on micropropagated seedlings of banana cv. ‘Prata Catarina’ in the acclimatization phase. The design was in randomized blocks, with 4 treatments (negative control: no inoculation and no fertilization; positive control: application of slow-release fertilizer; inoculation with Bacillus sp. strain 186; and inoculation with Bacillus sp. strain 109) and 4 replicates (14 experimental units), totaling 224 seedlings. The bacterial population in the rhizosphere was quantified and the growth of seedlings and contents of minerals were evaluated. Seedlings treated with slow-release fertilizer showed better performance for the number of leaves (6.14 ± 1.44), shoot (3.64 g ± 1.72) and root (4.76 g ± 3.23) fresh weight and root dry weight (0.72 g ± 0.43). Using strains alone did not promote the growth of seedlings, under the conditions of the present study. Nevertheless, the strains were efficient in increasing the nitrogen content in leaves (17.93 g kg-1 ± 0.73, strain 109) and potassium and magnesium contents in roots (6.96 g kg-1 ± 0.39 and 6.98 g kg-1 ± 0.40, strain 186).

Accelerated mono-phasic in vitro mass production of banana propagules and their morpho-cyto-genetic stability assessment

A unique one-step in vitro propagation protocol via concurrent shoot-root development was established in banana cv. Grand Nain. 6-benzyladenine, kinetin, meta-Topolin, thidiazuron (TDZ), and zeatin (0.5—1.5 mg L − 1) individually supplemented in Murashige and Skoog medium were tested for multiple shoot-root regeneration from shoot tip explants. The earliest fresh shoot (∼7 days) and root (∼5 days) initiation, highest number of shoots (∼21) and roots (∼16) with maximum root elongation (16.5 cm) were recorded in 0.5 mg L − 1 TDZ. For all intents and purposes, TDZ (0.5 mg L − 1) was recorded to be the optimum formulation in terms of the highest simultaneous shoot and root formation that was corroborated further by matrix plot analysis. On the other hand, network plot analysis and principal component analysis illustrated the association between plant growth regulators based on their effect on growth attributes under study. Histological studies on shoots, roots, and leaves revealed a consistent growth and development of plantlets under in vitro condition. Cent percent plantlets were survived during acclimatization, and performed best in cocopeat in comparison to other substrata (vermiculite, perlite, vermicompost-soil, soil-sand, and sand only). The cytology-, flow cytometry- and ISSR primer-assisted fidelity assessments of the in vitro-regenerants exhibited numerical chromosomal as well as ploidy stability and monomorphic banding patterns without any polymorphism within the in vitro-regeneranted plantlets and with their mother plant. Based on the comprehensive information developed in this study, this protocol should be of immense importance to facilitate single-step large-scale production of true-to-type planting materials and to explore the possible comparative physico-chemical roles of the plant growth regulators used in this study.

Post-Harvest Application of Tara Gum Coating Incorporated With Silver Nanoparticles for Preservation of Banana

The use of natural nanocomposite to increase shelf-life has gained space in the packaging sector. Therefore, this research produced a Tara Gum coating with Silver Nanoparticles (AgNP) for banana cv. Caturra conservation. The AgNP synthesis was optimized by an experimental design, the size as a dependent variable. The best points were: 300 rpm of stirring, the temperature of 25 ºC, and the reagent flow of 2.5 mL·min-1. The obtained size was 20.08 ± 0.17 nm, and Polydispersity Index was 0.321 ± 0.047 nm. Transmission Electron Microscopy showed smaller particles than 100 nm and dispersed. The rheological study presented the Tara Gum solution as a pseudoplastic fluid, and the addition of AgNP did not alter Tara Gum's rheological behavior. The coating could slow up the fruit skin ripening; withholding in 2 % the weight loss; increasing the resistance; increasing 88 % of malic acid content, while the control sample increased just 24 %; and kept ºBrix in low levels.

Impact of post-harvest application of chemicals and packaging materials on ripening and shelf-life of banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) cv. Grand Naine

An experiment was conducted in Department of Fruit Science, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidalaya Raipur (C.G.) during 2021–22 to delay ripening and extend shelf-life of banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) fruit. under the present investigation, the packaging materials were used individually as well as in combinations with different chemicals i.e. CaCl2 4%, CaCl2 6%, NaCl 0.2%, NaHCO3 0.3% and NaHCO3 0.4%. The treatments were viz. T0-Control (untreated), TrCaCl2 4%, T2-CaCl2 6%, T3-NaCl 0.2%, T4-NaHCO3 0.3%, T5-NaHCO3 0.4%, T6-Polyethylene bag LDPE 150 gauge, T7-Newspaper, T8-CaCl2 4% + Polyethylene bag LDPE 150 gauge, T9-CaCl2 6% + Polyethylene bag LDPE 150 gauge, T10-CaCl2 4% + Newspaper, T11-CaCl2 6% + Newspaper, T12-NaCl 0.2% + Polyethylene bag LDPE 150 gauge, T13-NaCl 0.2% + Newspaper, T14-NaHCO3 0.3% + Polyethylene bag LDPE 150 gauge, T15-NaHCO3 0.4% + Polyethylene bag LDPE 150 gauge, T16-NaHCO3 0.3% + Newspaper and T17-NaHCO3 0.4% + Newspaper. The treatment T9 (CaCl2 6% + Polyethylene bag LDPE 150 gauge) were the most potent treatment for enhancing storage period and maintaining physico-chemical characteristics of banana cv. Grand Naine while as CaCl2 6% + Polyethylene bag LDPE 150 gauge were very effectively reduced physiological loss in weight (PLW) and ripening per cent. The maximum retention of bio-chemical constitute like total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and reducing sugars was also obtained in fruits treated with CaCl2 6% + Polyethylene bag LDPE 150 gauge along with increased shelf-life up to 20th day storage period of banana fruits.

RNAi Mediated Silencing of ftf1 Gene Enhances Resistance in Banana to Fusarium Wilt

Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is a devastating disease of banana. Race 1 of Fusarium wilt is a serious threat to Musa spp. cv. Rasthali (AAB, Silk subgroup), which is a choice variety traditionally grown in most of the South East Asian countries. The investigation was an attempt to study whether RNAi-mediated expression of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeted against ftf1 (fusarium transcription factor1) gene in transgenic banana could impart resistance against Foc race 1. Partial sequences comprising sense and antisense sequences of ftf1 gene were assembled as siRNA construct in a binary vector background and transformed into embryogenic cell suspensions of banana cv. Rasthali by Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation. Presence of RNAi construct in transgenic banana plants were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction assay. Forty- six transformed lines derived from RNAi-FTF1 were found to be free of external symptoms of Foc after 3 months of challenge inoculation. Seventeen transgenic lines continued to resist the Foc race 1 even after six months of post inoculation. The present study confirmed that the host induced RNAi-mediated gene silencing of a fungal gene could confer resistance against Foc in banana.

Biochemical Profile of Transgenic Banana cv. Rasthali (Musa spp.) Engineered for Resistance Against Fusarium Wilt

The biochemical and metabolic profiles of transgenic banana (Musa spp.) plants developed through RNAi technology for expressing resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense race 1 were characterized by using gas chromatography coupled to electron impact ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (GC/EITOF-MS). A total of twenty-two metabolites were identified and annotated using NIST data library. Several resistance related metabolites such as 13-docosenamide, 9-octadecenamide, 9-octadecene, n-hexadecanoic acid, oleic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 2,4,6- decatrienoic acid, 1 bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, methyl abietate, undecanedioic acid, 2-pentadecanone, methyl palmitate and phenols were detected in transgenic plants which were generated to silence two fungal genes viz., ftf1 and/or velvet through RNAi technology. The induction of defense related enzyme activities such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) were also observed. The defense related enzyme activities were higher in transformed plants than untransformed plants. However, Volume 109 | Issue 10-12 | these differences did not cause any unintended changes in the growth of transgenic banana plant.

Effect of combined application of inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizers on yield and quality of banana cv Robusta (AAA)

Effect of combined application of inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizers on yield and quality of banana cv Robusta (AAA)

Improvement of growth, yield and quality of banana cv. Grand Naine by application of potassium humate

Precise choice of potassium (K) source and application method does matter for its cost-effectiveness. The effect of soil potassium fertilization either as sulfate or humate form with or without K2SO4 foliar sprays was studied on vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality of Grand Naine banana plants grown under clay loam soil conditions. The experiment included four treatments as follows: Control (800 g of K2SO4 as soil application), 250 g of K-humate as soil application, 800 g of K2SO4 as soil application + 2 % K2SO4 as foliar sprays and 250 g of K-humate soil application + 2 % K2SO4 as foliar sprays. Each treatment was replicated three times with three plants per each replicate and the randomized complete block design was arranged. Results indicated that potassium fertilization treatments showed a positive effect on vegetative growth parameters, N, P, K, chlorophyll a and b content in the leaves, also improved yield and fruit properties. In this respect, the humate form was more pronounced than the sulfate form. In addition, treatments included K2SO4 as foliar sprays were more effective than those without it. Therefore, the usage of 250 g of K-humate as soil application + 2 % K2SO4 as foliar sprays could be recommended to improve the growth, yield and quality of Grande Naine banana under these experimental conditions.

Influence of plant-based edible coatings on shelf-life of banana cv. ‘Ney Poovan’

Banana is known as deliciously of the tropics because of its wide availability, rich in nutrition, and low price. In India, banana stands first in production. But due to the non-availability of proper post-harvest facilities, it is prone to heavy post-harvest losses. The losses are very huge in the rural and tribal areas when compared to urban areas. To reduce the post-harvest losses and extend the shelf life of banana in rural and tribal areas, a study was carried out with locally available edible plant materials. The fruits were treated with corn starch (2%, 4% and 6%) and/or combination with the herbal extract i.e., Tulsi leaf extract (Ocimum sp), Mint leaf extract (Mentha sp), and Papaya leaf extract (Carica papaya) (2%, 4% and 6%, each). Various physio-chemical parameters were studied to determine the efficacy and influence of these herbal edible coatings on shelf life and quality of banana. The results revealed that corn starch 6% in combination with papaya leaf extract 6% and/or mint leaf extract (6%) was found effective in extending the shelf life of banana cv. ‘Ney Poovan’ up to 9 days. The combination effect of corn starch and papaya leaf extract and/or mint leaf extract reduced the PLW%, maintained higher Vit-C, lowered conversion of starch to sugars, and reduced spoilage.

An allometric model to estimate total leaf area of banana plants of the cultivar Vitória (AAAB)

ABSTRACT: The plants physiological processes such as transpiration and photosynthetic efficiency are directly related to leaf area, which is difficult to quantify in a nondestructive manner. To generate a model to estimate the total leaf area of plants of banana cv. Vitória, simple and multiple linear regressions utilizing the length and width of the third leaf, the product of length and width of the third leaf, and the total number of leaves of ‘Vitória’ plants, were tested. The data to develop the model were obtained from ‘Vitória’ banana plants from different edafoclimatic conditions and management. The best performance of the model was obtained using stepwise multiple regression with r2=0.93 and r2= 0.94. Validation of the model resulted in an r2 of 0.74.

Ripening Regulation of Banana Cv. Malbhog Using Different Ripening Inducers

This experiment was carried out under the study entitled “Ripening regulation of the banana Cv. Malbhog using different ripening inducers” for controlling the ripening of the banana, for improvement of quality attributes and post-harvest life of banana. The experiment was conducted at laboratory of horticulture, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal from 14th March to 16th April 2019. These experiments were laid out in completely randomized design in which the first experiment comprised of seven treatments consisting of distilled water spray, ethephon @ 250 ppm, ethephon @ 500 ppm, ethephon @750 ppm, ethephon@1000 ppm, Dhurseli (Colebrookea oppositifolia) leaves and Ripe banana replicated thrice. Different post-harvest parameters were recorded at the interval of two days for the experiment till any one of the treatment attained score 6 in the color chart. In this experiment, the CI-6 stage was reached earlier on the 9th day with the use of ethephon @ 1000 ppm but ethephon @ 500 ppm was found more effective regarding quality parameters with TSS (21˚B), and TSS/TA (34.66). The maximum physiological loss in weight (12.927%) and pulp peel ratio (3.65) was observed with ethephon@1000ppm and the minimum was achieved in banana sprayed with distilled water. The shelf life of banana was seen minimum (13.33 days) in ethephon @ 1000 ppm and maximum (20.33 days) in banana sprayed with distilled water.

Growth, Nutrient Uptake, Yield and Quality Parameters of Nendran Banana (Musa Spp.): As Influenced by the Application of Boron in Typic Rhodustalf of Theni District, Tamil Nadu, India

ABSTRACT To determine the response of banana to boron (B) fertilization, two field experiments (main and a confirmatory trial) were conducted during 2018 and 2019 seasons in B deficient soils (Typic Rhodustalf) of Theni district, Tamil Nadu, India. The treatments consisted of soil and foliar application of boron replicated thrice in a randomized block design using banana cv. Nendran as the test crop. The results of field experiments revealed that banana plants responded well to soil and foliar application of B compared to control (recommended NPK alone). Among the treatments, soil application of 10 g borax plant−1 each at 3rd, 5th and 7th month after planting (MAP) in combination with recommended NPK in B deficient soils increased the availability of B in soil, its uptake by plants and also B fractions in soils than the rest of the treatments which ultimately resulted in an increase in pseudostem height, pseudostem girth, leaf area index, chlorophyll, and dry matter production. Similarly, soil application of boron enhanced finger length, finger girth, individual finger weight, and bunch weight of banana and the cumulative effect of these yield attributes favorably increased the fruit yield of banana (33.85 t/ha), which was 25% higher than control. Banana fruit quality traits, namely, total soluble solids, total sugar, ascorbic acid, and starch content, were also favorably influenced by B application. Thus, the results clearly indicated that soil applied B recorded comparatively higher banana yield than foliar application and control.

Effect of Organic Manures and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Leaf Characters of Banana

A field experiment was carried out at Instructional cum Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Biswanath College of Agriculture, AAU, Biswanath Chariali to study the effects of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer on leaf characters of banana cv. Amritsagar (AAA) during 2016-2017. The research work was carried out with the treatments as follows T1: FYM (Farm Yard Manure) + Microbial Consortia, T2: Enriched Compost, T3: Vermicompost, T4: Microbial Consortia, T0: RDF (FYM + NPK). Healthy suckers were planted in each plot with spacing of 2.1m x 2.1m on 27th May 2016. The treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 were laid out in certified organic block in RBD with 5 replications while the treatment T0 was laid out outside the organic block with five replications. In the organics, T1 recorded the highest number of functional leaves (7.97, 12.46 and 5.37) in vegetative stage, shooting stage and harvesting stage respectively. Highest leaf area of 2.69 m2 at vegetative stage and 11.17 m2 at shooting stage were recorded in T1 while lowest leaf area of 2.41 m2 at vegetative stage and 8.89 m2 at shooting stage were recorded in T4. Leaf area index was highest in T1. Chlorophyll content index in both vegetative stage (45.29) and shooting stage (65.56) was also highest in T1. Comparing the leaf characters (number of functional leaves, leaf area, leaf area index and chlorophyll content index) under organic treatments with that of T0 treated plants, it was found that plants treated with inorganic fertilizer had more number of functional leaves and better leaf character than that of the plants treated with organics.

Influence of different plant densities and fertilizer levels on growth and yield parameters in Banana cv. Grand Naine

An experiment was carried out in banana cv. Grand Naine to evaluate the effect of three different plant densities with threelevels of fertilizer which was laid out in factorial RCBD design with three replications. During all the stages of growth, except plant height, all the vegetative growth parameters were higher in lowest plant density (2.0 x 2.0 m) and lower in higher plant density (1.5 x1.5 m). The highest plant height (207.67 and 205.61 cm) and yield (108.33 and 101.95 tons/ha) was registered in higher plant density in both the plant and ratoon crop respectively. While the lowest plant height (197.25 cm and 194.19 cm) and yield (74.26 and 69.38tons/ha) was observed in lower plant density in both the seasons respectively. In case of fertilizer application, the significant result was obtained for growth and yield of banana. The highest growth and yield parameters was found in F2 (125 % RDF) whereas the lowest was registered in F3 (75 % RDF). For combined effect of plant density and fertilizer on growth and yield parameters, the treatment S3 x F2 (2 x 2 with 125 % RDF) recorded higher values except plant height and yield than other combinations.

Influence of different plant densities and fertilizer levels on growth and yield parameters in Banana cv. Grand Naine

Influence of different plant densities and fertilizer levels on growth and yield parameters in Banana cv. Grand Naine

Effect of Post Shooting Spray and Covering Material on Banana Bunch on its Yield Attributes and yield

The experiment was carried out during the year 2017-18 and 2018-19 at the Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, B. A. College of Agriculture, AAU, Anand to study the “Effect of post shooting spray and covering material on bunch for yield, yield attributes of banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) cv. Grand Naine”. The experiment comprises of involving six levels of post shooting sprays namely; control, humic acid 2 %, 2, 4-D 30 mg/l, gibberellic acid (GA3) 100 mg/l, CPPU 4 mg/l and sulphate of potash (SOP) 2 % with two levels of bunch covering material viz., non- woven material bag and blue colour polyethylene sleeve (6 % perforated) bag covering. Experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (Factorial) with three repetitions. Post shooting sprays were given twice i.e. 1st spray after complete opening of inflorescence and 2nd spray after 30 days of first spray with covering the bunch immediately after second spray. The results of present investigation banana bunches sprayed GA3 100 mg/l with non-woven material bag covering was recorded significantly maximum bunch length, length of finger, girth of finger, weight of bunch and fruit yield.

Response to phenological manipulation through planting time for productivity of banana (Musa AAA, Grand Naine) under subtropics

The present study was carried out to standardize the ideal planting time in response to phenological changes inbanana (Musa AAA, Grand Naine) for better yield and quality under subtropical conditions during 2017-19 at firstblock of ICAR-CISH, Rehmankhera, Lucknow. The tissue cultured banana cv. Grand Naine were planted at monthlyintervals w.e.f 15 June 2017 to 15 May 2018 in the experimental field at 1.8 m × 1.5 m spacing. The banana plantedduring 15th June and 15 July had the highest pseudostem circumference, leaf area, leaf area index and fruit yield,respectively. Pseudostem height and leaf number were highest in banana planted during 15 November. The GrowingDegree Days (GDD) from planting to shooting were calculated and found to be optimum and duration from plantingto shooting was also minimum when planted during 15 June and 15 July. There were no leaf emergence during wintermonth especially December, January and February due to low temperature irrespective of planting dates in bananaunder subtropics. Quality parameters such as bunch weight, number of hands, total fingers, and weight and numberof fingers in 2nd hand were recorded in banana planted on 15 of July. The TSS content was higher when planted on15 June and acidity when planted on 15 October. The ideal time for planting of banana in present study was 15 Juneand 15 July for better yield and quality under subtropical conditions.

Growth comparison of Banana cv. Mchare (Huti Green) under full and deficit irrigation conditions in Northern Highlands, Tanzania

Growth comparison of Banana cv. Mchare (Huti Green) under full and deficit irrigation conditions in Northern Highlands, Tanzania

Biotization of tissue culture banana plantlets with Methylobacterium salsuginis to enhance the survival and growth under greenhouse and open environment condition

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the impact of M. salsuginis TNMB03 biotization on tissue culture banana cv. Grande Naine plantlets growth and survival under greenhouse and open environmental condition (exposed to direct sunlight). Methodology: Banana plantlets were transferred from culture flasks to protray and maintained under the greenhouse and open environmental condition for 30 days with or without M. salsuginis TNMB03 treatment. After 30 days, plant growth parameters like pseudostem height, girth, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry biomass, root parameters, plantlet survival, chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids and soluble protein and Methylobacterium population in upper and lower surface of leaf, as well as endophytic population were assessed. Results: This study showed that the plantlets biotized with M. salsuginis TNMB03 had better acclimatization response under both the experimental condition than that of uninoculated plantlets. Positive influence on the survival and growth of M. salsuginis TNMB03 biotized plantlets was observed when transferred directly to greenhouse and open environmental condition. Inoculation of M. salsuginis TNMB03 increased the plant height, girth and number of leaves, root length, lateral root and biomass in comparison to the uninoculated plantlets in greenhouse and open environment. Uninoculated plantlets kept under open environment had lower chlorophyll content and sun scorching damages compared to M. salsuginis TNMB03 inoculated plants, which had dark green leaves and increased chlorophyll content. Interpretation: This study shows a new potential technique of using M. salsuginis TNMB03 in tissue culture plantlets, which can help in enhancing the growth of plantlets transferred from culture vessel to greenhouse or open environmental condition without undergoing the routine acclimatization procedure.

Gas exchange and leaf area of banana plants under salt stress inoculated with growth-promoting bacteria

ABSTRACT Banana orchards in arid and semiarid regions require the use of irrigation. However, the presence of high concentration of salts in water can impair the development of plants, requiring the evaluation of new technologies to mitigate the effects of stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate gas exchange and leaf area in banana seedlings of the cultivar Prata Catarina inoculated with strains of Bacillus spp. under different electrical conductivities of irrigation water. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry, Fortaleza, Ceará state, Brazil. The design used was in randomized blocks, in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme, with the first factor being the inoculation treatments: without any application; slow-release fertilizer; Strain 186 and Strain 109, and the second factor being the electrical conductivity of irrigation water (0.5; 1.5; 3.0; 4.5 dS m-1), in five blocks and each plot consisting of three plants. The electrical conductivity of irrigation water negatively influenced the gas exchange of banana cv. Prata Catarina in the vegetative stage, during the 89 days of cultivation. The Bacillus spp. strains 186 and 109 did not improve the gas exchange and leaf area of plants under salinity conditions.