Bamboo Roots Research Articles

A NOVEL APPROACH OF USING BAMBOO ROOT CELLULOSE: AN ALTERNATIVE FOR IRON(II) REMOVAL FROM WASTEWATER

A novel approach was taken using the bamboo root transformed into activated cellulose, implying dilute nitric acid as the agent activator. The activated bio-sorbent was applied for Iron(II) (Fe(II)) adsorption in batch mode. Then, biosorbent characterization was established using infrared spectroscopy and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effect of acid variation, iodine number, contact time, particle size, temperature, and concentration on the Fe(II) adsorption was determined in the batch method. The Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm were analyzed for determining the isotherm of adsorption. The Langmuir model of adsorption is the most suitable for illustrating Fe(II) adsorption. The optimum adsorption capacity occurred at the bio-sorbent particle size of 50 µm, contact time of 300 minutes, a temperature of 50˚C, a pH of 5, and 150 ppm. The bamboo roots have been applied to remove Fe(II) from wastewater, and the recovery% shows 100%. Comparative studies were analyzed with some bio-sorbents for further development. It is hoped that this novel alternative can be applied as bamboo is abundant in Indonesia and many countries in Asia regions.

Massilia phyllostachyos sp. nov., Isolated from the Roots of Moso Bamboo in China.

A Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, motile, and rod-shaped bacterial strain G4R7T was isolated from the roots of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) in Zhejiang, Hangzhou Province, China. After comparing 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain G4R7T exhibited the highest similarities with Massilia neuiana PTW21T (98.3%), followed by M. agri K-3-1T (98.3%), M. consociate CCUG 58010T (97.7%), M. niastensis 5516S-1T (97.7%) and M. yuzhufengensis ZD1-4T (97.6%). The phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain G4R7T belonged to the genus Massilia. The draft genome of strain G4R7T was 5.81Mb, and the G+C content was 64.4%. The average nucleotide identity values between G4R7T and another related member of the genus Massilia ranged from 76.6 to 87.2%, and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization ranged from 20.7 to 27.9%. Strain G4R7T grew at 15-37°C (optimum 25-30°C) and pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) in the presence of 0-3% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%). The respiratory quinone was Q-8, and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and aminophospholipid. The major cellular fatty acids were C10:0 3OH, C12:0, C12:0 2OH, and C16:0, summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c). As per the data from chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic, and phenotypic evidence, strain G4R7T represents a new species of genus Massilia, for which the name Massilia phyllostachyos sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is G4R7T (=ACCC 61911T=GDMCC 1.2961T=JCM 35225T).

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Akar Bambu, Kacang Hijau, dan Putri Malu untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Bintil Akar Kacang Hijau

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) made from the roots of bamboo, mung bean, and putri embarrassment has not yet been applied to mung bean plants, specifically to determine its effect on the number, diameter, and quality of mung bean root nodules. Therefore, this study aims to explain the effect of PGPR fertilizer from the roots of bamboo, mung bean, and putri embarrassment on the number, diameter, and quality of nodules on mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) root nodules. The study was carried out by experiment, using a completely randomized design (CRD), which consisted of 4 treatments, namely: P0 (control) = without PGPR fertilizer; P1 = bamboo root PGPR fertilizer; P2 = green bean root PGPR fertilizer; and P3 = PGPR root shame daughter fertilizer. Each treatment was repeated 6 times. The data obtained was analyzed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) which was processed using the XLSTAT 2020 program. The results showed that the PGPR fertilizer treatment from bamboo roots, mung bean roots, and embarrassed daughter roots was significantly different from the control or without PGPR. Among the three types of PGPR tested, it turned out that the PGPR from the roots of putri embarrassment had the most significant effect on the number of nodules (60.67); nodule diameter (1.91 mm); and absorbance (1.88). From these results, it is recommended that PGPR from the root of the embarrassed daughter be able to significantly increase the quantity and quality of mung bean root nodules.

Effects of Tree Species on Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carriere) J. Houzeau) Fine Root Morphology, Biomass, and Soil Properties in Bamboo–Broadleaf Mixed Forests

Understanding fine root characteristics in relation to soil properties of bamboo–broadleaf mixed forests may help optimize belowground production management and ecological functions in mixed-forest ecosystems. In this study, we compared four different bamboo–broadleaf mixed forests: Castanopsis chinensis (Sprengel) Hance with moso bamboo (CCB), Alniphyllum fortunei (Hemsl.) Makino with moso bamboo (AFB), Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) Burtt and Hill with moso bamboo (CAB), and Castanopsis fargesii Franch with moso bamboo (CFB), and analyzed their effects on the traits of fine roots of moso bamboo, soil nutrient contents, and enzyme activities. In January 2022, fine root and soil samples from four different mixed bamboo–broadleaf forests were collected from a subtropical region of Fujian Province, China. Results showed that CAB significantly increased fine root biomass (FRB) and root length density (RLD); however, specific root length (SRL) was only in the 0–20 cm soil layer. Specific surface area (SSA) was significantly reduced in the CCB in the 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layers. The total phosphorous (TP) and total potassium (TK) contents of AFB and CAB were significantly increased (p < 0.05), and the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN) content was significantly increased by CCB in the 0–20 cm soil layer (p < 0.05). Additionally, CFB increased the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and catalase (CAT) but decreased the activity of sucrase (SC). Principal component analysis showed that fine root traits (FRB, RLD, SRL, and SSA) were not only positively associated with soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and available potassium (AK) but also associated with urease (UE) and CAT. Therefore, belowground interactions between different species have a significant impact on the characteristics of fine roots and soil in bamboo–broadleaf mixed forests.

APLIKASI BIANG PGPR (PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA) DARI AKAR BAMBU TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN PARE (Momordica charantia L)

Paria (Momordica charantia L) is one of the plants from the Cucurbitaceae tribe or the pumpkin tribe, including lowland vegetables, and is classified as a herbaceous plant aged one year or more, growing creeping and climbing. PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) bamboo roots are bacteria that live around the roots of bamboo plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of PGPR from bamboo roots and the right concentration on the growth and yield of pariah plants. This research was conducted in Kelapa Lima village, South Banggai District, Banggai Laut Regency from August 2021 to November 2021. This study used a one-factor randomized block design (RBD) method. This study consisted of 5 levels of treatment, namely: P0 = control, P1 = concentration of 12.5 ml/liter of water, P2 = concentration of 15 ml/liter of water, P3 = concentration of 17.5 ml/liter of water and P4 = concentration of 20 ml / liter of water. Each treatment was repeated five times so that there were twenty-five experimental units. The results showed that the application of PGPR from bamboo roots had a significant effect on plant height at 5 WAP, 7 WAP, and 8 WAP, significantly affected the number of leaves at 3 WAP, 5 WAP, 7 WAP, and 8 WAP, very significant effect on fruit weight, fruit length, and fruit diameter and had no significant effect on the number of pariah fruit.

PENGARUH BEBERAPA PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SERTA PRODUKSI TANAMAN CABAI RAWIT (Capsicum frutescens L.)

This study aims to determine which PGPR can increase the growth and production of cayenne pepper plants and to find out which type of PGPR has the most influence on the growth and production of cayenne pepper plants. This research was conducted in Tanggikiki Village, Sipatana District, Gorontalo City. The study started from April to July 2020. This study used a Randomized Block Design which consisted of 4 levels of treatment, namely PO = control, P1 = bamboo root, P2 = elephant grass root and P3 = Putri malu root. And 5 replications so that 20 experimental units/polybags were obtained. Each experimental unit contained 1 test plant, with a distance between polybags of 50 cm x 50 cm. The data from this study were analyzed using Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) and then further tested with using BNT (Least Significant Difference) at the 5% level. The results showed that the PGPR treatment of the roots of the shy daughter gave the best results on plant height, number of leaves, number of fruits and fruit weight compared to treatment without PGPR.Keywords: PGPR, Bamboo roots, Elephant grass roots, Shy daughter roots, Cayenne pepper

Pertumbuhan Benih Kopi Arabika (Coffea Arabica L.) melalui Aplikasi Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteri (PGPR) dari Perakaran Bambu

<p><em>Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteri</em> (PGPR) that sourced form bamboo roots applied to Arabica coffee seeds to find out the effect of PGPR from the roots of yellow bamboo and green bamboo through maseration method with different types of doses on the growth of Arabica coffee seeds. The experiment used a Randomized Block Design as PGPR concentration as the first factor that consist of four (4) levels, that is P0 (control), P1 (PGPR 10 ml L<sup>-1</sup> of water), P2 (PGPR 20 ml L<sup>-1</sup> of water), and P3 (PGPR 30 ml L<sup>-1</sup> of water). The second factor is the type of bamboo roots, that is B1 (yellow bamboo) dan B2 (green bamboo). The result showed that the application of PGPR with a concentration of 30 ml L-1 of water gave the best effect on the growth of arabica coffee seedlings. Otherwise, the type of bamboo roots as PGPR sourses did not have a different effect on growth of coffee seedlings, but given better results on PGPR that made from yellow bamboo roots compare to the green one.</p>

Efektivitas Dosis Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Akar Bambu Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Nani Rohaeni SP.,MP and Ir. Andi Mariani Z, MP. The effect of giving Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) bamboo root on the growth and yield green beans (Paseolus vulgaris L.). The purpose of this research to know the effect of gifting Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) to growth and results bean plants (Paseolus vulgaris L.). This research held in months december 2021 to february 2022, located at Tebangan Lemba street, Sepaso Barat village, Bengalon subdistrict, Kutai Timur Regency. Methods used by randomized design (RAK) faktorial witch the treatment factor, the PGPR administration factor of the five treatmen levels are: (P0) without teratment, (P1) 5 ml/L, (P2) 7,5 ml/L, (P3) 10 ml/L, and 12,5 ml/L. Combined as many as five treatman combinations and at times five groups. The results of this study indicate that the P4 treatmen (PGPR 12,5 ml/L) produce the larges fruit weight 418,6 grams and production of 20,93 tons/ha.

Cultivation Innovations of Growth Promoting Bacteria and the Characteristics of Several Vegetables

Reducing the use of chemicals in vegetable cultivation is an environmentally friendly cultivation technology that is expected to reduce negative impacts on the environment. One of the efforts to reduce chemicals in cultivation is to use bacteria that live in plant roots as plant growth promoters or biopesticides. This study aims to determine the number of endophytic bacteria from bamboo and leguminosae roots that have the potential as plant growth promoting agents. The making of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) starter which was carried out in this study used the roots of bamboo, lemongrass and Mimosa Pudica Linn. Furthermore, it is applied to vegetable cultivation (Chinese cabbage, tomato, carrot and green mustard/caisim) to determine the physical characteristics of vegetables from the result of PGPR application compared to results from conventional farmers. This study used a factorial randomized block design with 2 factors. The first factor is the plant roots used, while the second factor is the length of the plant roots soaking in water, namely 72, 96, 120 hours. The data from the PGPR starter analysis results are made into a table, then a descriptive discussion is carried out. For vegetable data from the cultivation results using PGPR compared to vegetable from conventional farmer results. Based on laboratory analysis, obtained the total microbes in samples from bamboo roots with a soaking time of 72 hours were higher than the other samples, namely 8.49 x 106 cfu ml-1; pH in samples of PGPR from the roots of Mimosa Pudica Linn, bamboo, lemongrass, commercial PGPR (from Central Java farmers) ranged from 3.0 to 6.7; while the total dissolved solids content ranged from 0.2 to 2.6%. Based on the graph of plant growth in the PGPR treatment and with no treatment, there is a slight difference, not much increase or decrease. In tomatoes with PGPR treatment, plant growth was higher than without the use of PGPR, while for Chinese cabbage and caisim the growth was almost the same between PGPR treatment and without PGPR. For carrots, it was seen that with PGPR treatment, plant growth was lower than without PGPR. The results of the analysis of texture, brightness level and total dissolved solids in Chinese cabbage, caisim, tomatoes and carrots with PGPR application, the characteristics are almost the same as the results of conventional farmers. By looking at these results, it is hoped that in the future cultivation innovation by utilizing bacteria around the roots, is one of the environmentally friendly cultivation applications and begins to reduce the use of chemicals in cultivation.

Indexicality of Minyak Karo in North Sumatra: An Anthropolinguistic Perspective

This study aimed to describe the indexicality Minyak Karo in North Sumatera. It focused on describing the ingredients used for making the Minyak Karo, the ritual process of making Minyak Karo, the purpose of the ritual carried out in making Minyak Karo, and performance in the ritual of making Minyak Karo in Padang bulan and Pancur batu regency, North Sumatra. Qualitative method and Anthropolistic perspective were applied in this study. The data collection techniques used was observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. The result of the study showed that there were 107 genera and 57 families in making Minyak Karo to treat different diseases, such as kaffir lime/kaffir lime leaves, ship-board leaves, jambar api, bulung patchouli, gagaten tiger, basil, panglai, shallots, garlic, pepper, nutmeg, turmeric, areca nut, tawan gegeh, root areca nut, bamboo root, riman root, pengkih root, and alang-alang. The purpose of the ritual of making Minyak Karo based on anthropolingustic study was to be able to cure diseases that were believed to come from supernatural spirits or diseases sent by people through supernatural means and asked for protection from the spirits of the ancestors.

Diseminasi Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair dari Akar Bambu di Desa Srigading, Lampung Timur

<p><em>Land degradation in the rice field is caused by the continuous use of synthetic agrochemicals and low input of organic fertilizers. Assistance and training for farmers are needed to utilize organic fertilizers as additional inputs in cultivation practices. Liquid organic fertilizer (LOB) can be a solution because the making process and application are easier. This dissemination aims to provide knowledge and practice of making LOB from local biological resources such as bamboo roots. The target of the activity are farmers in Srigading, Labuhan Maringgai, East Lampung. The activity was carried out using explanation method and the practice of making LOB from bamboo roots. This activity is carried out for 6 months covering surveys, preparation, delivering materials, practices, and monitoring. The activity was held on August 7, 2021 at the residence of Mr. Tugimin, with a total of 13 participants. The presentation of the material included the importance of soil organic matter for soil health, explanation about LOB, and continued the practice of making LOB. Based on the results of the pretest, the knowledge of farmers about negative impact of using synthetic agrochemicals and the importance of organic matter is still low, so that the explanation can increase farmers' knowledge as indicated by the posttest is increasing from 20% to 86%. Monitoring result showed that the LOB made has been successful with the characteristics like tape smell, but it is still not yet optimal. Farmers also expect follow-up activities for innovation on other organic fertilizers and biofertilizers.</em></p><p> </p>

Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Organik Urin Kelinci Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kangkung Darat (Ipomoea Reptans)

The use of organic fertilizer is one solution to solve the problem of lack of nutrients in the soil, taking into account the sustainability aspect. Rabbit droppings are obtained from rabbit breeders at P4S Agro Cendekia Bangunrejo. The study was conducted in July 2021 at P4S Agro Cendekia Bangunrejo. Liquid organic fertilizer is made by two different methods namely Y1 (a mixture of 10 liters of rabbit urine, 150 grams of brown sugar and 0.2 liters of EM3) with a fermentation time of 7 days and a pH of 7.5 and Y2 (a mixture of 10 liters of rabbit urine, 150 grams of brown sugar, 0.2 liters of EM3 and bamboo root) with a fermentation time of 6 days and a pH of 7.3. There are three treatments, namely P1 as an experimental control (without the provision of liquid organic fertilizer), P2 is given liquid organic fertilizer Y1, P3 is given liquid organic fertilizer Y2. Each treatment was randomly taken as many as 5 samples to be used as the object of the study. The parameters of the growth of kale plants analyzed after 10 hst (days after planting) are plant height, number of leaves, length of roots and number of roots. From the research data obtained, the highest average plant height is in the P2 treatment with a value of 8.12 cm. The average number of leaves is the largest in the P2 treatment as many as 5 stems. The average length of the highest root is in P3 at 8.46 cm. The average number of roots obtained in the P2 treatment is 29 branches. Liquid organic fertilizer of rabbit urine affects the growth of kale plants.
 
 Keywords: Growth, growth of rabbit urine, rabbit urine

Silicon Reduces Cadmium Accumulation in Moso Bamboo ( Phyllostachys Edulis ) Roots by Sequestering Cadmium in Hemicellulose 1

Silicon Reduces Cadmium Accumulation in Moso Bamboo ( Phyllostachys Edulis ) Roots by Sequestering Cadmium in Hemicellulose 1

Phytoextraction of mercury (Hg) in soils contaminated by button batteries using Bamboo “Bamnusoideae”

The pollution of the planet has generated a series of problems for the environment and human health, such as the case of soils contaminated by heavy metals from batteries that are improperly disposed of in domestic garbage and sanitary landfills; Button batteries (HgO) pollute the soil, since mercury is very persistent in the environment due to its biomagnification and its great capacity to accumulate in organisms causing diseases in humans at the skin level, respiratory tract, digestive system, etc. . this being a highly toxic metal worldwide. The accumulation of Hg in soils depends on physicochemical factors such as pH, redox potential, organic matter, and clay. The main objective of this research work is to implement mercury phytoextraction in soils contaminated by button cells, using “Bamnusoideae” Bamboo, a UV-Vis spectroscopic study was carried out to determine the desorption of Hg from the contaminated soil, images of the stem were obtained, leaves and roots of bamboo without contamination and contaminated with Hg with a VE-B6 microscope, rating: 85V to 265V 50/60 Hz, Halogen Lamp: 12V 30W, and the pH of the contaminated soil was measured.

Coordination of nitrogen uptake and assimilation favours the growth and competitiveness of moso bamboo over native tree species in high-NH4+ environments

Phenotypic plasticity and competitive strength are major mechanisms determining the success of invasive species and are influenced by abiotic factors. A rise in the ratio of ammonium (NH4+) to nitrate (NO3−) in soils is frequently associated with the invasion of bamboo into broad-leaved evergreen forests. However, the influence of soil nitrogen (N) chemistry on plant growth and interspecific competition in the context of invasion remains insufficiently studied. In the present work, differences in plasticity and interspecific competition between native tree species in broad-leaved evergreen forests and invasive bamboo in response to different N forms were investigated using seedlings grown in a controlled environment. We show that moso bamboo responded positively and strongly to increased soil NH4+/NO3− ratios, while the native tree species Sapium sebiferum, Camellia oleifera, and Machilus pauhoi responded negatively and exhibited limited plasticity. Native tree species growth was significantly inhibited in the presence of moso bamboo under high-NH4+ conditions, whereas native tree species were less affected by interspecific competition when NO3− was supplied as the sole N source. By contrast, moso bamboo growth was significantly inhibited, followed by seedling death, in both monoculture and in mixed culture with prolonged NO3− treatment. All species tested exhibited significantly higher rates of 15NH4+ than 15NO3− uptake, but the Michaelis constant (Km) for 15NH4+ uptake was lower in moso bamboo, indicating higher substrate affinity. Nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR) activities showed no inducible effects in moso bamboo compared to the induction response seen in the native tree species in response to NO3−. Activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) significantly increased with NH4+ provision in roots of moso bamboo, contrasted by a less plastic response in the native tree species. Enhanced ammonification and reduced nitrification in soils is typically observed during bamboo invasion and appears to create a positive soil-plant feedback loop that, due to highly flexible and opportunistic NH4+-acquisition pathways, favours bamboo fitness and invasion into native forests when NH4+ is the dominant N form.

Comparative Genomics Reveals Potential Mechanisms of Plant Beneficial Effects of a Novel Bamboo-Endophytic Bacterial Isolate Paraburkholderia sacchari Suichang626.

Plant-beneficial microbes have drawn wide attention due to their potential application as bio-control agents and bio-fertilizers. Moso bamboo, which is among the monocots with the highest growth rate, lives perennially with abundant microbes that may benefit annually growing crops. Genome information of moso bamboo associated bacteria remains underexplored. We isolated and identified a novel Paraburkholderia strain Suichang626 from moso bamboo roots. Growth promoting effects of Suichang626 on both moso bamboo and seedlings of the model dicot Arabidopsis thaliana were documented in laboratory conditions. To gain insight into the genetic basis of this growth promotion effect, we sequenced the genome of Suichang626. Evidenced by genome-wide phylogeny data, we propose that Suichang626 is a novel strain of Paraburkholderia sacchari. Gene homologs encoding biosynthesis of the plant growth-promoting chemicals, acetoin and 2,3-butanediol, were identified in the genome of Suichang626. Comparative genomics was further performed with plant-beneficial and plant/animal pathogenic species of Paraburkholderia and Burkholderia. Genes related to volatile organic compounds, nitrogen fixation, and auxin biosynthesis were discovered specifically in the plant growth-promoting species of both genera.

PENGARUH METODE FERMENTASI DAN PENAMBAHAN URINE KELINCI TERHADAP KUALITAS PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR

The Minang Bangkit Merbabu Farmer Group use organic materials and produce their own liquid organic fertilizer. This liquid organic fertilizer is made of varied ingredients: rabbit urine, cow's milk, free-range chicken eggs, palm sugar, coconut water, pineapple, shrimp paste, bamboo roots, ginger, and turmeric. Composting is strongly affected by pH and aeration method. Liquid organic fertilizer made by farmers usually have an initial pH of around 3.7. This mixture was usually composted using semi-anaerobic method. Through this study, we wanted to find out whether different methods of aeration and addition of rabbit urine would result in different liquid organic fertilizer quality. The quality of liquid organic fertilizer includes C-organic, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium. The experiment was designed as a factorial randomized block design. There were 2 factors tested: rabbit urine volume and aeration method. There were two levels of rabbit urine volume : original and modified ones. There were three levels of aeration method: aerobic, semi-anaerobic, and anaerobic. In total, there were six treatments and four replication for each treatment. The results of the analysis showed that composting with the aerobic method at the original rabbit urine volume could increase the concentration of nutrient content so that it gave the highest yield. It is different from composting at a modified rabbit urine volume, because the highest yield is in the anaerobic method. Keywords: aerated, organic, rabbit urine volume

Potential Availability of Indigenous Resources to Reduce Agriculture Environmental Problems in Klaten, Indonesia

Inorganic fertilizer usage in high doses for rice cultivation in Indonesia has become a sustainable agriculture threat. Klaten has approximately more than 50% of the total areas were used for agricultural land. It needs a huge amount of agricultural input, especially fertilizer requirements. It is better to select a fertilizer that concerns soil conservation and is more environmentally friendly, i.e. organic fertilizer implementation, utilizing the materials to ensure its adequate availability. This research aims to identify the potential availability of organic fertilizer materials, which the farmers usually use in Klaten, and analyze how farmers' existing conditions can utilize the indigenous sources as organic fertilizer materials. This research used a descriptive method by using the data from field observation. The results showed that the potential availability of organic fertilizers in Klaten, such as Local Microorganism (MOL) of the banana hump, papaya fruit, and pineapple fruit, are 24,493.55 liters per year. They can cover about 979,742 ha paddy field area; Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) of the bamboo root is 210,290 liters per year, and it can cover about 8,412 ha paddy field area; and animal manure composted of cows, goats, sheep, buffaloes, horses, and chickens’ dung is 101,841.91 tons per year, and it can cover about 20,368 ha paddy field area. The majority of the farmers used indigenous organic fertilizer because of their benefit for low-cost production and the ease of getting it.

The Application Effect of PGPR associated Bamboo Root And Rice Straw Compost On The Physical Quality for the Soil, Growth And Production of Corn Plants (Zea Mays)

This research aims to examine the effect of application bamboo root PGPR and rice straw compost on the physical quality of the soil, growth and production of the corn plant (Zea mays). This research was arranged in split plot design 3 x 4 with 3 replications. The main plot is rice straw compost (K): K1=10 ton/ha, K2=15 ton/ha, K3=20 ton/ha. The subplot is PGPR (P): P0= 0 ml/l (control), P1=10 ml/l, P2=15 ml/l, P3=20 ml/l. The parameters observed were soil porosity, soil water content, plant height, number of leaf, cob length, cob weight, weight of seed and field. Data were analyzed extensively and continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the treatment of PGPR and rice straw compost increases with the addition of dose. Treatment of PGPR provide a significant response to increase in the porosity, soil water content and number of leaf compared to the control, while the length of cob and weight of seed showed an increase in the addition treatment of a dose compost and PGPR. Treatment of PGPR or rice straw compost has yet to show a response different to the plant height. The interaction treatment significant on the weight of cob and field. The results of the optimal corn crop is achieved at the treatment dose of 15 ton/ha compost straw combined with PGPR dose of 15 ml/l.

Genome-Wide Characterization and Evolutionary Analyses of Purple Acid Phosphatase (PAP) Gene Family with Their Expression Profiles in Response to Low Phosphorus Stresses in Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis)

Low phosphorus increases acid phosphatase activity and transfers soluble phosphorus from the underground to the above-ground, but also inhibits the growth and development of the Moso bamboo root system. Purple acid phosphatase (PAP), a kind of acid phosphatase, plays an important role in phosphorus (P) uptake and metabolism. In our study of the Moso bamboo PAP gene family, we identified 17 Moso bamboo PAP genes (PePAP) in the entire genome and further analyzed their physical and chemical properties and functions PePAP. According to the analysis of the phylogenetic tree, special domains and conserved motifs, these 17 genes can be divided into four categories. The gene structure and conserved motifs are relatively conservative, but the 17 sequences of the PePAP domain are diverse. The prediction of the subcellular location indicated that PePAPs are mainly located in the secretory pathway. We have studied the expression levels of these PePAP in different organs, such as the roots, stems and leaves of Moso bamboo, and the results show that the expression of most PePAP genes in roots and stems seems to be higher than that in leaves. In addition to tissue-specific expression analysis, we also studied the expression of PePAPs under low phosphorus stress. Under such conditions, the PePAP genes show an increase in expression in the roots, stem and leaves, and the extent of this change varies between genes. In summary, our results reveal the evolution of the PePAP gene in the Moso bamboo genome and provide a basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of the PePAP-mediated response of Moso bamboo to low phosphorus.