Pyrolysis Of Bamboo Research Articles

Process intensification of the ultra-rapid pyrolysis of bamboo by spatially separated microwave electric and magnetic fields

This study demonstrates the efficient microwave “ultra-rapid” pyrolysis of bamboo using a spatially separated electric- (E-) and magnetic (H-) field and microwave reactor equipped with a semiconductor generator. The microwave E-field promoted the gasification and carbonization of the bamboo within 30 s. Extensive formation of gases (mainly H2 and CO) and tar (fragments of guaiacyl and syringyl lignin) was achieved by E-field heating. However, microwave reflection became prominent after extensive carbonization of the bamboo under a microwave E-field. The carbonized bamboo was more effectively heated in the H-field, which was effective in preventing microwave reflection and yielding biochar with more defects and an amorphous structure than the electric furnace. We also achieved process intensification by employing a higher quality--factor (Q-factor) cavity resonator (915 MHz). The continuous-flow H-field microwave heating reactor effectively improved the carbon content of the pyrolyzed biomass. A synergistic use of microwave E- and H- fields enables the intensification of microwave “ultra-rapid” pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass.

Experimental study on combustion characteristics of engineered bamboo considering smoldering and self-extinction

Bamboo and wood materials have the characteristics of low carbon and high strength, making them the best building material for building green buildings. Compared to traditional building materials, the easy to burn characteristic has become an obstacle to the promotion and widespread application of bamboo and wood materials, so it is urgent to study their combustion characteristics. This article investigated the combustion characteristics of engineered bamboo at different heat fluxes, taking into account the smoldering and self-extinction characteristics through cone calorimeter experiments. The combustion performance, mass loss rate, heat release rate, etc. were studied, and the self-extinction phenomenon of the specimens was explored. The results indicated that the direction of heating had a certain impact on the combustion characteristics of glued laminated bamboo (LBL), and the fire resistance of parallel strand bamboo (PSB) was better than that of LBL. When the heat flux exceeded 50 kW/m2, the color of the flame on the surface of the specimen would change from bright yellow to strong orange, which is an important sign that the flame will self-extinguish. The self-extinction of flames at different heat fluxes was caused by insufficient supply of combustible gas generated by bamboo pyrolysis, with slightly different specific reasons. The multi-layer structure of glued laminated bamboo also makes it more difficult to self-extinguish than PSB, cross-laminated timber (CLT), and solid wood is the most prone to self-extinguish. The impact of adhesive layer delamination was not considered in this experiment, and further research is needed.

NiO–Ca9Co12O28 bifunctional phase change catalysts for biomass pyrolysis to hydrogen-rich syngas

In this study, the preparation of hydrogen-rich gases from improved pyrolysis-catalytic reforming system by industrial solid waste calcium carbide slag was investigated in a fixed-bed reaction system. The differences in biomass pyrolysis gas compositions and yields over the bifunctional phase change catalyst NiO–Ca9Co12O28 with different Ni doping ratios, pyrolysis temperatures, and calcium carbide slag doping ratios have been investigated, and a model for the mechanism of the redox reaction over the NiO–Ca9Co12O28 catalyst is proposed at the same time. The results of the study indicated that the maximum hydrogen production is 447.23 mL/gbiomass at 600 °C when the mass ratio of bamboo to calcium carbide slag is 5:9, which is 549.29% higher than that of pyrolysis of bamboo alone. The hydrogen volume concentration increased from 17.93% to 63.78%. This study provides a green and efficient route for high-value conversion of biomass and adsorption-enhanced reforming of solid waste for hydrogen production.

Production of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by the catalytic pyrolysis of Moso bamboo at different ages and parts using Zn and Cr modified zeolite catalysts

Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) are important organic building blocks for the chemical industry, which can be produced by catalytic pyrolysis of biomass. The wide application of bamboo in Chinese industry generates a large amount of bamboo waste which can be utilized as the feedstock to produce MAHs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of bamboo age and bamboo part on the yield of the aromatics by using the Cr and Zn modified HZSM-5 as catalyst. The result showed that the incorporation of metals (Cr and Zn) enhanced the catalytic performance, and the incorporation of Zn was better than Cr. The highest MAHs content (38.67%) and total aromatic content (57.42%) were obtained with the catalyst of 3% Zn/HZSM-5 catalyst at temperature of 400 °C and duration time of 30 min. Younger age (1-year-old bamboo) and the outer skin of bamboo was better for the production of MAHs. This study provided a high value-added application approach for the waste Moso bamboo.

Microwave-enhanced pyrolysis of bamboo for furfural-rich bio-oil production over WS2 catalyst

The efficient utilization of bamboo waste has attracted increasing interest as a promising solution to address the challenges associated with climate change and promote a more environmentally friendly approach to resource utilization. Herein, we demonstrated the highly selective production of furfural from bamboo through a microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) process using WS2 catalysts. Firstly, the content of furfural can be precisely regulated by manipulating key process conditions such as microwave power, temperature and the mass ratio of WS2 to bamboo. Notably, compared to non-catalyzed MAP, the presence of the WS2 catalyst significantly enhanced the production of both furfural and furan components. The optimal content of furfural and furan components reached up to 66.9 area% and 75.6 area% in bio-oil under the conditions of 700 W, 400 °C and a 3:10 WS2 to bamboo ratio for 15 min. Furthermore, the liquid oil mainly consisted of C5 and C6 products (86.5 area%), indicating that MAP enhances the selectivity of small molecular products and furan compounds when coupled with the WS2 catalyst. Experimental results revealed that WS2 played bifunctional roles as a microwave absorbent and catalyst, promoting the bio-oil content and limiting the secondary pyrolysis of furan components, leading to a high selectivity of furan and a high content of furan products. This work provides valuable insights into producing furan-rich bio-oil from bamboo through MAP over transition metal dichalcogenides materials.

Ionic liquid lubricity enhancement with bio-oil derived from microwave pyrolysis of bamboo

In response to the growing demand for environmentally friendly lubrication, this study explores the potential of bio-oil-infused lubricants. The investigation focuses on the interaction between bio-oil, derived from raw bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) through microwave pyrolysis at power levels between 500 and 800 W at 700 ∘C, and the protic ionic liquid, [Oley][Oleic]. The bio-oil, predominantly composed of diethyl phthalate (DEP) and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), is blended with [Oley][Oleic] at concentrations of 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 wt%. Friction measurements using a ball-on-disk setup reveal a substantial 58.9% reduction in friction and a 30.6% reduction in wear when [Oley][Oleic] is combined with bio-oil pyrolysed with a microwave power of 800 W. To maintain a low coefficient of friction (CoF) and wear for [Oley][Oleic], it is imperative to aim for an optimal DEP:FAME ratio in the bio-oil of approximately 2.0, within concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 wt%. The study highlights the complex tribological balance among viscosity, load-bearing capacity, and the chemical nature of bio-oil components, contributing to enhanced lubricity. As industries increasingly seek eco-friendly lubrication, this study offers a valuable knowledge base for developing sustainable and high-performance lubricants derived from renewable biomass sources.

CO2 Adsorption by Bamboo Biochars Obtained via a Salt-Assisted Pyrolysis Route

Recently, salt-assisted pyrolyzation has been deemed an emerging and efficient method for the preparation of biochars due to its facile operation as well as its good structural and chemical properties. In this work, biochars (MBCx) are prepared by heating bamboo powders in eutectic salts (Li2CO3 + K2CO3) at 500–600 °C in the air. Multiple technologies are employed to examine the physiochemical properties of bamboo biochars. Correlations between heating temperature and structural features and carbon dioxide uptakes of bamboo biochars have been investigated. The results show that heating temperature has a significant influence on the physicochemical properties of bamboo biochars. With the elevation of the heating temperature, the defect structures of bamboo biochars gradually ascend, especially when the heating temperature reaches 600 °C. MBCx biochars visibly exceed conventional bamboo biochar prepared via pyrolyzation in a nitrogen stream free of salt addition. Pyrolysis of bamboo in eutectic salts endows biochars with higher oxygen content and more carbon defects, which likely accounts for their better CO2 capture activities.

A novel insight into the influence of temperature and heating rate on bamboo pyrolysis through kinetics and thermodynamic parameter analysis using thermogravimetric analyser

A novel insight into the influence of temperature and heating rate on bamboo pyrolysis through kinetics and thermodynamic parameter analysis using thermogravimetric analyser

Physicochemical investigation and thermogravimetric analysis of bamboo and poplar wood residues and tire rubber waste: Kinetic and thermodynamic analyses

This work conducted a physicochemical investigation of bamboo and poplar wood residues and tire rubber waste and their potential for conversion by pyrolysis from kinetic and thermodynamic aspects. The activation energies were obtained by means of a modified Friedman isoconversional method, with varying values of 133.0–248.4 kJ mol−1, 162.7–235.2 kJ mol−1, and 111.5–275.2 kJ mol−1 for the pyrolysis of bamboo and poplar wood residues and tire rubber waste, respectively. A combination of the kinetic compensation effect and a general empirical reaction model was used for the simultaneous determination of the frequency factors and empirical reaction models. The frequency factors of the pyrolysis of bamboo and poplar wood residues and tire rubber waste ranged from 1.5 × 109 to 4.7 × 1018 s−1, 1.2 × 1012 to 2.3 × 1018 s−1 and 1.3 × 107 to 3.4 × 1020 s−1, respectively. The effective thermodynamic parameters for the pyrolysis of bamboo and poplar wood residues and tire rubber waste were calculated, which indicated that these samples exhibited significant potential as raw materials for pyrolysis conversion.

Preparation of Microporous Molding Activated Carbon Derived from Bamboo Pyrolysis Gasification Byproducts for Toluene Gas Adsorption.

The effective utilization of charcoal and tar byproducts is a challenge for pyrolysis gasification of bamboo. Herein, the bamboo tar was modified via polymerization and acted as a new adhesive for the preparation of excellent bamboo-charcoal-derived molding activated carbon (MBAC). As compared with pristine tar and other adhesives, the aromatization of tar with phenol increased its molecular weight, oxygenic functional groups, and thermal stability, leading to the decreased blocking impact of charcoal pore and improved bonding and pyrolytic crosslinking effect between charcoal particles. These further contribute to the high mechanical strength, specific surface area, pore volume, and amount of oxygenic functional groups for fabricated MBAC. Owing to the high microporous volume of MBAC, it exhibited 385 mg·g-1 toluene and 75.2% tetrachloride gas adsorption performances. Moreover, the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Bangham models were used to evaluate the kinetic data. The toluene adsorption process conforms to the Bangham kinetic model, suggesting that the diffusion mechanism of toluene adsorption mainly followed intraparticle diffusion.

Valorisation of waste biomass and plastics toward light aromatics: Co-catalytic fast pyrolysis of torrefied bamboo and polyethylene over alkali and acid treated hierarchical HZSM-5

Light aromatics are extremely important building blocks which can be prepared from the co-catalytic fast pyrolysis (Co-CFP) of biomass and polyethylene. In this study, the bamboo was torrefied to remove part of oxygen element prior to pyrolysis, then being co-fed with polyethylene (HDPE, PE and LDPE) during CFP over alkali (NaOH and Na2CO3) and acid (H3PO4 and HCl) treated HZSM-5. 40.3% oxygen element in bamboo could be eliminated at torrefaction temperature of 300 °C. After the acid dealumination or alkali desilication treatments, the mesopore was creased in HZSM-5, transforming into hierarchical structure with larger pore size and lower acidity. The effect of torrefaction temperature, the species of alkali or acid solutions and their concentrations, the mass ratio of HDPE-to-torrefied bamboo, the CFP temperature on the yields of light aromatics was systematically discussed. The maximum yield of BTX was 4.39 × 108 a.u./mg which was obtained by Co-CFP of torrefied bamboo (250 °C) and HDPE at mass ratio of 1:2 with 800 °C over 0.2 M NaOH treated hierarchical HZSM-5. The aromatization reaction of olefins, the deoxygenation reaction of oxygenates, and the Diels-Alder reaction between furans and olefins were key reactions for the formation of BTX during Co-CFP of torrefied bamboo and polyethylene.

A new strategy of preparing high-value products by co-pyrolysis of bamboo and ZIF-8

To improve the pore structure of biochar, the H2 yield of gas, and the quality of bio-oil in biomass pyrolysis, a new pyrolysis strategy of co-pyrolyzing bamboo and Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIF-8) at different temperatures and mixing ratios was proposed. Results showed that ZIF-8 blending improved the quality of pyrolytic products. For biochar, the specific surface area was increased tenfold from 49.63 m2/g for raw bamboo to 557.37 m2/g with a 4:1 mass ratio of bamboo to ZIF-8 at 900 °C. And hierarchical porous biochars were formed. For gas, the H2 yield was increased significantly from 4.35 mmol/g (32.84 vol%) for raw bamboo to 7.87 mmol/g (43.73 vol%) with a 4:1 mass ratio of bamboo to ZIF-8 at 900 °C. For bio-oil, ZIF-8 blending promoted the conversion of bamboo to acetic acids, furans, and cyclopentanones, while inhibiting the formation of polyaromatic compounds, showing that ZIF-8 could enhance the secondary cracking of volatiles and promote the branch chain fracture, dehydrogenation, ring-opening and decarbonylation of bamboo. These results indicated that ZIF-8 had excellent effects on bamboo pyrolysis to produce high-value products, and it was enlightening for biomass thermal conversion utilization.

Enhancement of the production of bio-aromatics from bamboo pyrolysis: Wet torrefaction pretreatment coupled with catalytic fast pyrolysis

Light aromatics are important organic building blocks in the chemical industry which can be produced by catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of biomass. In this work, wet torrefaction pretreatment (WTP) was employed to improve the quality of bamboo by synergistic effect of deoxygenation and demineralization. Then, CFP was employed to produce bio-aromatics by using zeolite (e.g. HZSM-5, HY, Al-MCM-41, and USY) as catalyst. Results showed that WTP temperature (180–260 °C) had more significant influence on the mass yields of torrefied products compared to WTP duration (30–150 min). The maximum deoxygenation rate was 49.36% at WTP conditions of 260 °C and 150 min, and the maximum demineralization rate followed the order of 96.29% (K) > 94.54% (Na) > 90.33% (Mg) > 89.22% (Ca). Among the five types of zeolite catalyst tested, HZSM-5 (25) was the best catalyst to obtain bio-aromatics due to its unique pore size and reasonable acidity. The maximum yield of aromatics (25.46 ×107 a.u./mg) was obtained at the WTP temperature of 220 °C, biomass-to-catalyst ratio of 3:1, and CFP temperature of 850 °C. Toluene was the more favored monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formed during CFP compared to xylene and benzene.

Influence of tar–char interaction on solid fuel formation by co‐pyrolysis of bamboo and waste plastic

AbstractCo‐pyrolysis of bamboo and plastic powder was conducted in order to investigate how to produce “ecological” solid fuel. The mixing percentage of the powders wp and the setting temperature of the reactor wall TS were changed. At TS = 573 K the decomposition of the simulated waste plastic was progressed on the surface of the bamboo char during co‐pyrolysis while the tar from bamboo pyrolysis was wrapped by the molten plastic. The pores on the surface of the bamboo particles decreased with wp because they could be wrapped by the molten plastic. The particle size increased with wp. On the other hand, at TS = 673 K the co‐pyrolysis of bamboo and simulated waste plastic was disturbed partly by the interaction during co‐pyrolysis of polypropylene (PS) and Polyethylene terephthalate while the co‐pyrolysis of bamboo and PS was progressed. The grindability increased with TS and decreased with wp as most of the molten plastic coagulated after co‐pyrolysis because the shape of particles changed from small fibrous particles to large granular particles with wp. At 30 wt% < wp < 70 wt%, the higher heating value (HHV) at TS = 673 K was mostly lower than that at TS = 573 K because the char yield in the mixture was lower than that of the expected char yield due to the progress of the simulated waste plastic pyrolysis at TS = 673 K. The energy yield had a local minimum value at wp = 10 wt% because the char yield increased by the coating of molten plastic during co‐pyrolysis even if the TS increased. The energy yield decreased with TS. The optimum condition for the solid fuel, which was evaluated by grindability, HHV, and energy yield was TS = 623 K and wp = 10 wt%.

DETERMINATION OF SUITABLE BIOCHAR PRECURSOR AS ALTERNATIVE FOR ENABLING ACCESS TO CLEAN WATER SUPPLY IN RURAL AREAS

This study aims to determine suitable biochar precursor for local production of biochar as an alternative low-cost solution to address the persistent water supply issue in rural areas in Sarawak. A series of physicochemical characterization and adsorption studies were conducted for biochar pyrolysed from bamboo, dried leaves, wood shavings, rice husk, tree branch and wood chip, in a stainless-steel canister (without oxygen) at 600oC for three hours using a muffle furnace. Bamboo was the only precursor which fulfilled the requirements for water treatment in rural areas, i.e., biochar yield, structural integrity in water and adsorption characteristics. The pyrolysis of bamboo achieved a biochar yield of 32.8%, which attributed to the high fixed carbon content of 70.9% required for adsorption. The biochar consisted of homogeneous carbon structures with BET surface area of 317 m2/g, total pore volume of 0.189 cm3/g and micropores averaging 1.218 nm, which demonstrated favourable adsorption characteristics. The selection of bamboo as precursor is practical in rural areas as it is easily obtained and safe to be pyrolyzed into biochar. The application of biochar for water treatment helps to overcome the water supply issues and promote sustainable biomass waste management in rural areas.

The enrichment of sugars and phenols from fast pyrolysis of bamboo via ethanol-Fenton pretreatment

The high-purity compounds (e.g., sugars and phenols) are important raw materials and chemicals, which can be produced by biomass pyrolysis. However, the direct biomass pyrolysis produces complex compounds and thus inhibiting its large-scale utilization. To increase the yield and enrichment of sugars and phenols, a green coupling process based on ethanol-Fenton pretreatment combined with fast pyrolysis is firstly proposed. The bamboo was effectively separated into the ethanol-Fenton pretreated bamboo (EF-bamboo), lignin-rich fractions, and hemicellulose-degradation intermixtures with the massive removal of inorganic metals via this process. Compared with the fast pyrolysis of raw bamboo, the levoglucosan yield of EF-bamboo increased 5.4 times and the enrichment of sugars improved from 7.6% to 59.7%. Similarly, the yield of monophenols from lignin-rich fractions increased around 0.6 times and the enrichment of monophenols increased from 25.7% to 63.5%. This work provides a green and efficient route to produce high-yield and high-enrichment sugars and phenols.

Co-gasification characteristics of coke blended with hydro-char and pyro-char from bamboo

The renewable and carbon-neutral biomass is gaining a lot of interest in ironmaking as a substitute to metallurgical coke. The present study looked at partial replacement of coke with biochar obtained from hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and pyrolysis of bamboo. Pyro-char has a higher carbon crystallinity, lower volatiles and better pore characteristics, while HTC is ideal for the removal of ash especially alkali metals. Devolatilization occurs at 500–900 °C for the hydro-char/coke mixture while the pyro-char/coke blend shows a continuous gasification reaction. The activation energy of gasification for the 50% pyro-char/50% coke is 200–320 kJ/mol, significantly lower than the competing mixture with hydro-char. Although the biochar obtained from pyrolysis of bamboo is more suitable for BF, the excellent ash removal and lower cost of hydrothermal treatment are offering benefits so that a combination of both may present an optimum blend for reducing the carbon footprint of ironmaking process.

Production and characterization of biochar produced from slow pyrolysis of pigeon pea stalk and bamboo

Abstract Sustainable management of agricultural residues has gained momentum worldwide as an environmentally benign process. This study focused on the impact of pyrolysis temperature on biochars' physicochemical properties derived from two agricultural residue materials (pigeon pea stalk and bamboo) pyrolysed at different pyrolysis temperatures (400, 500 and 600 °C) for a holding time of 1 h. The bamboo and pigeon pea stalk were characterized, as well as their resulting biochar samples (proximate, ultimate, SEM, BET, FTIR and XRD). For both the biomass materials, biomass composition had great influence on the biochar yield and properties. More mass fraction of lignin in the bamboo biomass yields more biochar (32.20–27.00%) compared to pigeon pea stalk biomass (29.80–21.70%) at the same pyrolysis temperature. The mass fraction of fixed carbon of biochars was observed to be in the range of 81.85–85.68%, which were much higher than the biomass. The mass fraction of carbon in the derived biochars were in the range of 76.17–88.43%. The biochar with the highest mass fraction of carbon was found at a pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C for both biomass-derived biochars. Biochars with low atomic ratio of H/C (0.03–0.06) and O/C (0.09–0.25) confirmed their highly carbonized, aromatized and hydrophobic nature. The BET surface area of biochar samples were ranged from 16.90 to 307.10 m2 g−1, biochar with the higher surface area was obtained at pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C. At the same pyrolysis temperature, bamboo derived biochars were higher total pore volume (0.057–0.18 cm3 g−1) in respect to pigeon pea stalk derived biochars. The alkalinity of all biochars increased in tandem with the pyrolysis temperature and found to be in the range of 7.25–10.14. The acidic and polar functional groups were successively removed and resulted in a more hydrophobic well-organized carbon layered biochar at a temperature of 600 °C. The biochars were enriched with sylvite, calcite, and silicates of Mg, Mn, and Ca signifying its heterogonous characteristics and increased ash content.

Development of Biochars Derived from Water Bamboo (Zizania latifolia) Shoot Husks Using Pyrolysis and Ultrasound-Assisted Pyrolysis for the Treatment of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) in Wastewater

Adsorbent made by carbonization of biomass under oxygen-limited conditions has become a promising material for wastewater treatment owing to its cost-effective, simple, and eco-friendly processing method. Ultrasound is considered a green technique to modify carbon materials because it uses water as the solvent. In this study, a comparison of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) adsorption capacity between biochar (BC) generated by pyrolysis of water bamboo (Zizania latifolia) husks at 600 °C and ultrasound-assisted biochar (UBC) produced by pyrolysis at 600 °C assisted by ultrasonic irradiation was performed. UBC showed a greater reaction rate and reached about 80% removal efficiency after 4 h, while it took 24 h for BC to reach that level. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images indicated that the UBC morphology surface was more porous, with the structure of the combination of denser mesopores enhancing physiochemical properties of UBC. By Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET), the specific surface areas of adsorbent materials were analyzed, and the surface areas of BC and UBC were 56.296 m2/g and 141.213 m2/g, respectively. Moreover, the pore volume of UBC was 0.039 cm3/g, which was higher than that of BC at 0.013 cm3/g. The adsorption isotherms and kinetics revealed the better fits of reactions to Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating the inclination towards monolayer adsorption and chemisorption of RB5 on water bamboo husk-based UBC.

Pyrolysis of bamboo over Ce/Fe composite metal oxide catalyst to enhance the production of hydrocarbons and ketonic hydrocarbon precursors

AbstractTo obtain high‐value bio‐oil, pure ceria (CeO2) and a series of Ce/Fe composite metal oxides were synthesized via precipitation method and were used to enhance hydrocarbons and ketones production during catalytic pyrolysis of bamboo sawdust. The characterization results were comprehensively analyzed and revealed that doping CeO2 with Fe promoted the formation of a solid solution structure, which further increased the surface area and number of oxygen vacancies of the catalyst for deoxygenation. Experimental consequences demonstrated that, compared to non‐catalytic trial, the catalytic pyrolysis over CeO2 generated lower amounts of acids and aldehydes, and enhanced the conversion of large oxygenates to monofunctional hydrocarbon precursors via decarboxylation, deoxidation, and ketonization. The concentrations of hydrocarbons and ketones obtained over Ce/Fe catalysts were significantly higher than those obtained over CeO2, and that was attributed to the higher surface area and oxygen storage capacity of Ce/Fe catalysts. Particularly, the composite catalyst with the Ce/Fe molar ratio of 4 (Ce0.8Fe0.2) presented the most optimal deoxidation capacity in this study. The relative concentration of hydrocarbons generated over Ce0.8Fe0.2 was the highest, and monocyclic aromatics and short‐chain aliphatic hydrocarbons accounted for 47.13% and 29.72%, respectively, of the total hydrocarbons. Simultaneously, the amount of ketones, the main hydrocarbon precursors, obtained over Ce0.8Fe0.2 was significantly higher than that obtained over CeO2, and the fraction of linear and cyclic ketones of the total ketones increased from 45.96% for the non‐catalytic pyrolysis to 97.57%. This further confirmed that the mesoporous Ce/Fe composite catalysts efficiently catalyzed the aldol condensation and ketonization reactions.