Bamboo Powder Research Articles

The Utilisation of Waste Bamboo Shells as A Filler in The ACWC Mixture on Marshall Characteristics

Roads as transportation system infrastructure that are routinely used to support human activities every day must have adequate quality. The increase in the number of public and private vehicles results in the use of roads that continue to increase to the potential road damage if they do not have adequate quality. One of the factors of the quality of road infrastructure is the road pavement. This study is to examine the effects of bamboo shell powder as Filler on the ac-WC hot asphalt mixture on the characteristic value of Marshall. In this study we used Marshall Testing. This research was carried out in laboratories, starting from literature studies, material collection, material testing, determination of mixed plan asphalt levels, preparation and manufacture of test objects and Marshall testing. This study found bamboo shells to be one of the mixed materials in the hot asphalt mixture so that it becomes an asset for residents in the future.

Electrochemical sensors for hydroquinone and catechol based on nano-flake graphite and activated carbon sensitive materials

The nano-flake graphite and bamboo activated carbon composites (NFG-BAC) were obtained by simple ball-milling and carbonization of bamboo powder and flake graphite at high temperature, which was modified on the surface of the electrode to obtain an electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous separation and determination of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CC). NFG-BAC showed good wettability to electrolyte solution and adsorption capacity to target analytes. NFC-BAC composites possess both the rich porosity and high specific surface area of activated carbon and the good conductivity of nano-flake graphite. Moreover, NFG-BAC composites show good wettability to electrolyte solution and adsorption capacity to target analytes. Compared with the gold-standard methodology for water analysis, electrochemical sensing has fast, sensitive and other advantages. When the NFG-BAC/GCE sensor is used for quantitative analysis of HQ and CC, the linear range is wide (2–1000 μM for HQ and 1–1000 μM for CC), the detection limit is low (0.4 μM for HQ and 0.2 μM for CC), and the detection accuracy of these two pollutants in environmental water samples is high. Due to the sensor fabrication is simple, low-cost and efficient, the NFG-BAC/GCE sensor can be used for real-time monitoring of the pollution of catechol in environmental water samples.

Efficiently unsterile polyhydroxyalkanoate production from lignocellulose by using alkali-halophilic Halomonas alkalicola M2

The alkali-halophilic Halomonas alkalicola M2 was isolated and developed for an open unsterile polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) fermentation from lignocellulose at pH 10.0 and NaCl 70 g/L. The alkaline pretreatment liquid (APL) was converted into PHA by the strain, which was significantly affected by the cultural conditions, including pH, NaCl concentration, nitrogen source, and APL concentration. The extracted PHA was composed of three monomers and similar in physicochemical properties to conventional short chain-length PHA. A record yield of 2.1 and 5.9 g of PHA was accumulated from 100 g dry bamboo powder (BP) by using APL and APL combined with hydrolysate during a 48-h open unsterile fermentation process, respectively. In summary, the alkali-halophilic H. alkalicola M2 achieved the open unsterile fermentation for lignocellulose efficient bioconversion into PHA under high alkalinity and salinity conditions and would be an ideal producer in the field.

Bio-Based Aerogel Based on Bamboo, Waste Paper, and Reduced Graphene Oxide for Oil/Water Separation.

In recent years, the discharge of industrial waste oil has increased and offshore oil leakage has occurred frequently, and thus water pollution has become a worldwide problem that attracts much attention. In this regard, a kind of oil-absorbing material with high oil-absorbing property and good mechanical property is urgently needed. Here, we reported a new type of aerogels with three-dimensional layered voids using natural bamboo powder, waste paper (WP), and graphene oxide (GO) as raw materials. The obtained aerogel had high adsorption capacity (87-121 g/g), compressibility, and high elasticity, which can separate oil from water and selectively absorb oil. This study provides not only a new treatment in agricultural waste treatment but also a facile, green, and low-cost approach to synthesize high-performance graphene-based oil absorbers, which might give us an effective solution for oil pollution of water resources worldwide.

Effect of structural features of plant biomass as a dewatering aid for digested sludge from a wastewater treatment plant

Large amounts of plant biomass are produced by public work projects. This plant biomass was evaluated as an aid for the dewatering of sludge from a sewage treatment plant. The relationships were investigated between the different structural types of plant biomass (grass clippings, pruned branches of Japanese black pine, and bamboo powder) and their dewaterability potential in digested sludge. Microscopic observations revealed that grass fibrous materials and Japanese black pine needles had hollow structures. However, xylem, bark parts of Japanese black pine, and bamboo culms exhibited woody cell structures. The difference in water retention value of grass clippings after filtration and centrifugation was higher than that of Japanese pine and bamboo, indicating that the water present within the pores of grass fibrous materials could be easily removed. Plant biomass was captured inside the floc when digested sludge was mixed with plant biomass and flocculation was performed by adding a flocculant. The addition of grass clippings exhibited better dewaterability compared with both Japanese black pine and bamboo. The grass fibrous materials used as a dewatering aid effectively improved the dewaterability of the digested sludge because the water in a sludge floc may be drained from within the grass fibrous materials.

Mechanical properties of bamboo fiber bundle-reinforced bamboo powder composite materials

Mechanical properties of bamboo fiber bundle-reinforced bamboo powder composite materials

Effects of dietary bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) culm powder on blood properties and intestinal environment of rabbits.

This study investigated the effects of bamboo powder as an alternative feed for rabbits. The normal hay diet of rabbits was replaced with bamboo culm powder (10% and 20%) and fed to the rabbits until they were 90 days old. The blood samples were collected when the rabbits were 46, 66, and 90 days old to assess the effects of bamboo powder on blood parameters. The organs and intestinal contents were harvested at the age of 90 days, and the functions and morphologies of different organs were evaluated. The concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the composition of microbiota in the cecum were measured. Substituting bamboo powder did not affect the growth, hematology profile, intestinal morphologies, and cecum SCFA concentration in rabbits. In contrast, it significantly altered the cecum microbiota composition, particularly the abundance of Ruminococcus and Bacteroides related to fiber degradation and Tyzzerella spp., associated with large intestine inflammation. These findings suggest that the substitution of hay with bamboo powder in rabbit diets does not negatively affect the overall health of rabbits and could be considered an alternative feed for rabbits; nevertheless, the protein and lipid deficiency in the bamboo powder should be taken into account.

Enhancing the potential production of bioethanol with bamboo by γ-valerolactone/water pretreatment.

In this study, the effect of the γ-valerolactone (GVL)/H2O pretreatment system on bamboo (Neosinocalamus affinis) for enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation was investigated. The performance characterization of the pretreated bamboo substrates, including the chemical composition, the structural characteristics, and the ability to produce bioethanol, were evaluated. The recovered substrates were enzymatically hydrolyzed for 48 h and then fermented to bioethanol. For the cellulose in the raw bamboo material, the highest cellulose-to-glucose conversion yield (CGCY) was achieved at 140 °C for 2 h with GVL : H2O = 8 : 2, which was 73.39%, and the cellulose-to-ethanol conversion yield (CECY) was 67.00%. This indicated that 183.5 kg of bioethanol could be produced per ton of bamboo, which was 9.71-folds higher than that directly converted from the untreated raw bamboo powder. Under these conditions, 50.60% of the active lignin can be recovered and be used as a wood-derived feedstock for further high-valued utilization. Meanwhile, the maximum concentration of fermentation inhibitors formed after pretreatment was about 140.9 mmol L−1, and had weak inhibition to the subsequent reaction. It has been shown that the cellulose could be effectively separated from bamboo and converted into bioethanol through the GVL/H2O pretreatment system.

Waste to Treasure: Superwetting Foam Enhanced by Bamboo Powder for Sustainable On-Demand Oil-Water Separation

Waste to Treasure: Superwetting Foam Enhanced by Bamboo Powder for Sustainable On-Demand Oil-Water Separation

Effect of high content filling jute fiber with large aspect ratio on structure and properties of PLA composite

AbstractJute fiber with high content and large aspect ratio is directly used to prepare PLA composites to show the effect on structure and properties. By comparing with bamboo powder, it is found that the large aspect ratio of jute fiber is helpful to form a crisscross structure in PLA composites to provide a strong framework. And the larger amount of jute fiber leads to the stronger framework in the PLA composites. Accordingly, the high comprehensive mechanical properties are produced of the PLA composites with jute fiber. Only through the simple blending of 70% jute fiber and PLA, the flexural strength and flexural modulus respectively reach 94.0 ± 4.4 MPa and 9116.7 ± 127.2 MPa, which obviously exceed the mechanical properties of PLA/bamboo blends. The addition of jute fiber also improves the thermal resistance of PLA composites as well as the crystallization ability and perfection of PLA. All the results exhibit the advantages of high content filling of jute fiber with large aspect ratio to modify PLA. Utilization of biomass filler with high content and large aspect ratio will provide an important methodology to expand the application capacity of fully degradable composites in many areas.

Effects of Particle Size and Composite Composition of Carbon Microparticles as Reinforcement Components on Resin-Based Brake Pad Performance

This study aims to investigate the effect of particle size and composition of bamboo and clove leaves as reinforcement components on resin-based brake pad performance. Bamboo fibers contain cellulose and lignin, making them better mechanical properties compared to glass fibers. Clove leaves due to their containment of oil components can be used, playing roles in binding bamboo with resin material. In short, experiments were done by involving polymerization of polyester resin as an adhesive with methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) at room temperature. The composition of polyester/MEKP/reinforcing components was fixed at a mass ratio of 10/1/1.76 and the particle size of the reinforcing components were 582 and 250 m. Reinforcing components were mixed carbonized bamboo fiber and dried clove leaves with a ratio of 4/1; 7/1; and 10/1. The results showed that smaller particles has better mechanical properties, and the more amount of bamboo particles give positive impacts on the material hardness. The best hardness value (reaching 24 N/cm2) and smallest pore volume (0.0213 cm3) were obtained when using the ratio of 10:1. While the smallest weight loss of mass at the rate of 0.1225 g/min was obtained by the ratio of 7/1. The largest friction coefficient and lowest wear rate were obtained by 4/1 with a value of 0.1108 and 1.08 g/s.mm2, respectively. This study demonstrates the use of biomass waste such as bamboo fiber and dried clove leaves as an alternative to asbestos and reduces the abundant waste of bamboo powder and dried clove leaves in Indonesia.

Synthesis of polyethyleneimine modified CoFe2O4-loaded porous biochar for selective adsorption properties towards dyes and exploration of interaction mechanisms

• CoFe 2 O 4 was loaded on the porous biochar obtained from waste bamboo powder. • Polyethyleneimine successfully modified the surface of magnetic porous biochar. • MABC-P50 exhibited excellent adsorption capacity and selectivity for CR in single and mixed dyes. • The adsorption mechanism in CR single dye and the synergy mechanism in CR/MB mixed dye were explored in detail. A novel adsorbent of polyethyleneimine modified magnetic porous biochar from waste bamboo powder was synthesized and applied to the selective removal of Congo red (CR) in wastewater. The adsorbents were characterized by multiple methods, and the adsorption properties of CR from single, binary and simulated textile wastewater were investigated. The kinetics showed that the adsorption process conformed to Elovich model and the rate-controlling step was determined by multiple stages. In addition, the adsorption isotherms indicated that CR adsorption was well fitted to Freundlich model, and thermodynamic parameters depicted the endothermic nature and the spontaneous process. The maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was 435.9 mg/g, and adsorption amount reached 899.44 mg/g at pH = 3. The adsorption mechanism of CR involved electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding. Additionally, the influences of the presence of anionic methyl orange (MO) and cationic methylene blue (MB) on CR adsorption and the interaction mechanisms between the dyes manifested that the removal of CR slightly inhibited by MO while significantly promoted by MB was respectively due to the competition and synergy. Furthermore, the high efficiency of the novel adsorbent for CR from simulated textile wastewater and the excellent reusability indicated the adsorbent has great potentials in the practical application of wastewater treatment.

IDENTIFIKASI KOMPONEN SENYAWA VOLATIL DALAM CUKA BAMBU (BAMBOO VINEGAR) YANG DIPRODUKSI MELALUI PROSES PIROLISIS DI PT. HANAN ALAM LESTARI (MITRA BINAAN CSR PT. BUKIT ASAM Tbk)

This study aims to identify volatile chemical components in bamboo vinegar (vinegar bamboo) produced by pyrolysis by PT. Hanan Alam Lestari (Guided Partner of PT. Bukit Asam Tbk). The raw material used is bamboo processing waste in the form of bamboo powder and pieces by pyrolysis process at a temperature of 300-450oC. The chemical compounds were analyzed using the Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) method at the Laboratory of Research and Development of Forest Products, Bogor. Specifications of tools used to investigate gas or liquid component products using a capillary column (Aglient HP-5MS length 30 m, diameter 250 m, film thickness 0.25 m). By holding the oven temperature at 50°C for 5 minutes, increasing at 5°C/min to 300°C, holding there for 60 minutes and helium as carrier gas. The results of the analysis showed that there were 15 components of volatile compounds and several dominant compounds in bamboo vinegar, namely acetic acid 31.28%; phenol 2-methoxy-guaiocol (12.95%); carbamic acid (11.23%); 2-heptanamine (6.75%) and phenol 4-methoxy-p-cresol (5.56%). The compound components in bamboo vinegar are thought to have antioxidant, antimicrobial and specific color and flavor-forming properties. Several chemical components detected in bamboo vinegar are recommended for use in agriculture as biofungicides and inhibitor compounds.

Functionalized moso bamboo powder adsorbent for Cd(II) complexes with citric acid/tartrate acid: characterization, adsorptive performance, and mechanism

A new amine group functionalized moso bamboo powder adsorbent (AMBP) was prepared using a facile procedure to remove Cd(II) complexes with citric acid (CA) and tartrate acid (TA). The properties of the AMBP were characterized using SEM, FTIR, XPS, BET, and an elemental analysis. The adsorptive performances of the AMBP toward Cd(II)-CA/TA were investigated. The results indicated that amine group was successfully introduced, and the AMBP with a BET specific surface area of 0.463 m2/g was effective in adsorbing Cd(II)-CA/TA under pH 4.0–10.0. The removal of Cd(II) increased significantly when the Cd(II)/ligand molar ratio changed from 1:0.5 to 1:2. The adsorption processes of Cd(II)-CA/TA were endothermic and fit well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 > 0.999). The Langmuir model (qmax of 14.41 and 7.58 mg/g for Cd(II)-CA and Cd(II)-TA, respectively) fit the isotherms better than the Freundlich model. The AMBP could be regenerated by HCl and reused at least 4 times. The uptake mechanisms of Cd(II)-CA/TA were proposed to be physisorption and the chemisorption of the coordination between –NH2/–NH and the Cd(II). This work shows that the AMBP is an adsorbent with high practical value to remove Cd(II) in water or wastewater containing CA/TA.

Investigation of the thermomechanical performance of hybrid polymer composite using micro bamboo powder and graphite flakes

AbstractThe current research project is dedicated to tackling the issue of fiber alignment and composite material delamination. Alkali treatment is performed to enhance the bamboo filler reinforced composite's mechanical performance as well as interfacial bonding strength. The hybrid composite is developed with varied bamboo powder content from 2.5 to 12.5 wt% and graphite nanoplatelets (GN) are reinforced in the polymer matrix. The hybrid composite is manufactured with bamboo powder approximately 65 μm sized and GN for electrical and electronics packaging, heat sink, conductive paste, light back cover for thermal management, automobile parts, and packaging goods. The developed material is investigated experimentally through the tensile test, modulus of elasticity, storage modulus, thermal conductivity, corrosion and tribological analysis. Results revealed that 5 and 7.5 wt% bamboo filler with 1 wt% GN gives the best property among others.

Fabrication of long bamboo fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite by extrusion and improvement of its properties

As a natural and renewable resource, bamboo is attractive to reinforce thermoplastic due to its excellent mechanical performance. However, it is difficult for long bamboo fiber bundles (LBF) to premix with thermoplastic pellets and could not fluently feed into screw extruder because of its tendency to entangle. To address this challenge, a new method for premixing and feeding LBF and thermoplastic matrix was initially proposed. The polypropylene (PP) film was used as a carrier to wrap long bamboo fibers (about 120mm long), and the PP roll that enclosed the bamboo fibers was fed into and compounded by a twin rotor. The extruded mixture was finally hot-pressed into plates. The compounding process was monitored and analyzed. The fiber size measurements showed that the rotor with a smooth arris and less arris number reduced the damage to LBF. The optimal LBF distribution and orientation in the PP matrix was obtained when the LBF content was arranged at 40 %. The LBF/PP composite achieved the improved tensile strength and modulus, increasing by 54.44 % and 39.67 %, respectively, compared to the composite reinforced with the traditional bamboo powder. Also, LBF reduced the thermal expansion of the composite by 39.25 %. In terms of water absorption deformation and thermal degradation, no significant difference was found between the two composites at the same fiber contents. Dynamic mechanical tests and dynamic oscillatory rheological tests indicated that the LBF restricted PP movement more than short fibers and showed higher modulus, loss coefficient and complex viscosity. The results indicated that wrapping fibers with thermoplastic film is a promising approach for extruding long fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites, which provides potential applications of LBF in the fields of thermoplastic prepreg.

Preparation of Bamboo-Based Hierarchical Porous Carbon Modulated by FeCl3 towards Efficient Copper Adsorption.

Using bamboo powder biochar as raw material, high-quality meso/microporous controlled hierarchical porous carbon was prepared—through the catalysis of Fe3+ ions loading, in addition to a chemical activation method—and then used to adsorb copper ions in an aqueous solution. The preparation process mainly included two steps: load-alkali leaching and chemical activation. The porosity characteristics (specific surface area and mesopore ratio) were controlled by changing the K2CO3 impregnation ratio, activation temperature, and Fe3+ ions loading during the activation process. Additionally, three FBPC samples with different pore structures and characteristics were studied for copper adsorption. The results indicate that the adsorption performance of the bamboo powder biochar FBPC material was greatly affected by the meso/micropore ratio. FBPC 2.5-900-2%, impregnated at a K2CO3: biochar ratio of 2.5 and a Fe3+: biochar mass ratio of 2%, and activated at 900 °C for 2 h in N2 atmosphere, has a very high specific surface area of 1996 m2 g−1 with a 58.1% mesoporous ratio. Moreover, it exhibits an excellent adsorption capacity of 256 mg g−1 and rapid adsorption kinetics for copper ions. The experimental results show that it is feasible to control the hierarchical pore structure of bamboo biochar-derived carbons as a high-performance adsorbent to remove copper ions from water.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF PARTICLE BOARDS BASED ON PALM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUITS AND BAMBOO POWDER WITH A MIXED ADHESIVE OF GAMBIR AND UREA FORMALDEHYDE

This test was carried out to reduce waste in coconut empty fruit bunches and to determine the characteristics and microstructure of the particle board surface. The samples used consisted of bamboo powder and oil palm empty fruit bunches with gambier adhesive and urea formaldehyde with variations including: 10%:75%:15%:11%; 20%:65%:15%:11%, 30%:55%:15%:11%, 40%:45%:10%:11%. The particleboard was printed and pressurized using a hot press of 16kg/cm2 for 15 minutes at a temperature of 120 oC, with a drying time of 14 days. The test parameters include: density, moisture content, thickness expansion, and microstructural analysis using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) which refers to SNI 03-2105-2006. The characterization of particleboard produced in the density test is 0.66-0.74 g/cm3, the water content value is 2.4-6.9%, the thickness expansion value is 7.2-12%. Based on the percentage value of the density of the resulting particleboard is a medium density particleboard.

One step calcination of bamboo powder enhances the adsorption and photocatalytic performance of red mud

Magnetic photocatalyst (MRM) with high adsorption was prepared by one-step calcination method using industrial solid waste bamboo powder and red mud (RM). The results showed that MRM has a significant removal effect on methylene blue (MB) in wastewater compared with RM. The excellent performance of MRM may be attributed to the following factors: 1. The reducing gas of bamboo powder pyrolysis transforms hematite into maghemite in MRM, which makes the photocatalyst magnetic and easy to recover. 2. The solid product of bamboo powder pyrolysis (biochar) not only inhibits the aggregation of MRM particles, but also broadens the light absorption range of MRM. Further, biochar was used as the transport channel of photogenerated electrons to inhibit the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes.

Potensi Serbuk Kayu Ulin dan Serbuk Bambu Sebagai Aplikasi Papan Partikel Ramah Lingkungan - Review

The wood and bamboo waste from the exploitation and industry are still not fully utilized where they are now being used as raw material for particleboard. The purpose of this narrative review is to find out the concept of particleboard, the mechanism of particleboard, and the potential for wood and bamboo powder in particleboard applications. The method of creating particleboard was using dehydrated sawdust and bamboo then pouring the powder with adhesive. In this narrative review, there are several types of adhesives which are Polyurethane Resin, Phenol-Formaldehyde (PF), Epoxy, Polystyrene Based Resin (PBR), and Unsaturated Polyester (UP). After molding powder and adhesive mixture, it was hot-pressed to make a particleboard product. Finally, the mixture was tested for the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard products based on Indonesian National Standard. The physical and mechanical properties are increases by particleboard with a proportion of 75%-100% teak wood (T. Grandis) and 25%-50% bamboo. It's known that ironwood has characteristics close to that of the teak species. Therefore, the ironwood and bamboo sawdust has the potential to be used as raw material for particleboard. And the recommended method based on the type of adhesive used is UP.