Bamboo Particles Research Articles

Synthesis and characterization of Tali Bamboo Particle Reinforced Polyester Composites

Synthesis and characterization of Tali Bamboo Particle Reinforced Polyester Composites

Effect of bamboo and neem charcoal micro particles application on the anti bacterial and UV protection properties of woven fabrics

Textiles are considered to be an integral part of human life, since they are associated with the human body round the clock. Because of the various application of textiles in several fields, it is obvious that, people will expect functional characteristics such as comfort, healthcare, hygiene properties in clothing. The healthcare characteristics were also much expected in clothing to protect the human being from the adverse effects of outside environment resulting in infections and various diseases. The bacterial and viral infection is a common phenomenon in human’s life causing much number of diseases from fever to major malfunctioning of important body parts. Hence this research work is focused specifically on identifying new approaches with the aid of technological advancements. This work aims at investigating the above-mentioned characteristics through developing natural based treatments such as charcoal applications with a specific focus on hygiene properties as their effects. The charcoal treated fabrics were also subjected to hygiene tests such as antibacterial and UV protection (UV Protection Factor, UPF) and have been found that the treated fabrics have developed antibacterial and UV protection properties.

A comprehensive approach for designing workable bio-based cementitious composites

The present work proposes a generalized method for designing moldable bio-concretes, incorporating three types of vegetable residues (wood shaving, bamboo particles and rice husk) which are employed as bio-aggregates within a cement-based matrix.The above-mentioned procedure is based, first of all, on a fundamental physical and morphological characterization of the bio-aggregates as well as on the analysis of their compatibility with cement-based matrices. Then, considering the specific features of the employed bio-aggregates, a novel approach is also presented for the mixing production process of bio-concretes mixtures with the aim of warranty an adequate consistency and easy moldability at the fresh state. Finally, a comprehensive experimental campaign is performed with the aim of analyzing the influence of bio-aggregates on the bio-concretes performances at hardened state.The analysis proposed herein unveils the existing relationship between compressive strength, water-to-cement ratio, cement consumption and bio-concrete density leading to a proposed simplified design abaci. Considering the rational nature of the proposed approach, it can be easily extended to others kind of bio-aggregates that could be considered for producing workable bio-concretes.

Pyrolysis kinetics and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/bamboo particle biocomposites: Effect of particle size distribution

Abstract Bamboo particle (BP)-reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites were fabricated. The effect of the BP particle size distribution on the pyrolysis and mechanical properties of PLA biocomposites was evaluated. The optimum particle size of BP for improving the tensile strength PLA biocomposites is 200 mesh (16.6–84.5 µm). The pyrolysis mechanism and kinetics were studied according to the Coats–Redfern method. The addition of BP inhibited the pyrolysis process of PLA. The activation energy of biocomposites ranged from 120.7 to 151.5 kJ/mol, which is significantly higher than that of the neat PLA. The pyrolysis mechanisms of biocomposites are attributed to the chemical reaction at low pyrolysis temperature (270–400℃) and ash layer diffusion control at high pyrolysis temperature (400–600℃). Crystallization behavior of biocomposites showed that small BPs in PLA biocomposites generated more cross-linking points in the PLA matrix, which constrained the movement of the molecular chain and acted as an effective nucleating agent in promoting the crystallization process. The pyrolysis behavior and mechanical properties analysis provide critical information for potential large-scale production of the PLA biocomposites.

Properties of particleboards manufactured from bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper)

Bamboo is a source of industrial raw material with wide geographical distribution. Brazil has good soil and climate conditions for its cultivation, in addition to existing reserves. Advantages of bamboo include: versatility, fast growth and good strength properties. One way of using this material would be as a raw material for manufacturing particleboards. Within this context, this article addresses an evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of particleboards manufactured from bamboo particles (Dendrocalamus asper (Schult f.). Backer ex Heyne. Particles with 0.50 and 0.85mm granulometry and two conditions (control and treatment by immersion in hot water (70 ± 5 °C) for two hours) were used. Twelve homogeneous particleboards bonded with urea-formaldehyde adhesive with 10% solids were manufactured and the predetermined nominal density for all panels was 650 kg m-3. The properties analyzed were: water absorption, swelling and non-return rate in thickness, density profile, rupture modulus, elastic modulus, screw withdrawal and internal adhesion. Panels consisting of 0.50 mm granulometry showed higher water absorption rates, while panels made of particles treated with hot water and 0.85 mm granulometry showed higher swelling rates and non-return thickness. The panels made of treated particles showed higher density profile values in both layers of the panels. The granulometry did not influence the mechanical properties of the panels, and those with treated particles exhibited significant performance for the surface and top screw withdrawal properties, and internal adhesion. This last mentioned property reached the minimum value required by the standard. The results showed that it is feasible to use bamboo to manufacture particleboards, but it is necessary to adjust some variables such as nominal density, pressing parameters, adhesive content or the inclusion of a less dense material in the composition of the panels.

Praziquantel and Albendazole Pills Can Cure Cancer

Objective: To prevent and treat various types of cancer safely, reliably, and at low cost. Method: Early and mid-stage cancer patients took praziquantel and albendazole every day, late cancer patients only took albendazole every day, while with the traditional Chinese medicine “ginseng jade bamboo particle” to eliminate the adverse reactions and side effects caused by the above two western medicines, continue for more than three months. Conclusion: Praziquantel and albendazole have good therapeutic and cancer prevention effects in actual clinical trials.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GIGANTOCHLOA SCORTECHINII BAMBOO PARTICLE REINFORCED SEMIRIGID POLYVINYL CHLORIDE COMPOSITES

This investigation aims to study the mechanical properties of the bamboo particle (BP) (Gigantochloa scortechinii) reinforced with semirigid Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) composites before and after the steam explosion (SE)-alkali treatment. Mechanical properties, namely, tensile, flexural and impact strengths, were determined using universal tensile and impact testing machines according to ASTM standard. The tensile and flexural strengths of the composites were improved after SE-alkali treatment. Results indicated that the tensile and flexural strengths of the composites increased and reached the optimum values of 17.42 and 11.86 MPa, respectively for SE-alkali treatment BP reinforced semirigid PVC with 40 wt% particle content. The impact strength of SE-alkali-treated composites was unimproved due to less dense and rigid particle.

Simultaneous production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural from bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra “Boryana”) in a biphasic reaction system

In this study, the microwave-assisted hydrolysis of bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra “Boryana”) to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural in a dilute acid (H2O) / methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) biphasic system is investigated. Building on previous studies using model components cellulose and xylan, main emphasis in this study is given to the effect of particle size on the reaction rates that are involved in the conversion of bamboo particles by incorporating solid-liquid interactions into the reaction kinetics. Conversion yields of 37% HMF and 35% furfural from bamboo culm and 35% HMF and 34% furfural from bamboo leaves (based on cellulose and xylan content) were achieved, applying 0.13 M HCl and 177 °C under microwave (MW) heating. The results showed that the required reaction time to reach a maximum HMF and furfural yield increased significantly with increasing particle size. For particles having a diameter <2.5 mm, the reaction rates follow first-order homogeneous kinetics, whereas for particles ≥2.5 mm, the reaction kinetics follow the shrinking core model. The chemical reaction (i.e., hydrolysis) at the surface of the unreacted particle core was shown to be the rate limiting step. The reaction rate constants for the hydrolysis of cellulose and xylose decreased with increasing particle size. Moreover, for bamboo culm particles with a particle size of 5 mm, the hydrolysis reaction rate constant decreased by a factor 10 compared to 1–1.5 mm particles.

Optimum condition of manufacturing hybrid particleboard from mixture of cocoa pod husk and bamboo particles

This study was to investigate the feasibility of using cocoa pod husks (CPH) and bamboo in manufacturing hybrid particle board. Three-layer experimental particleboards from mixture of bamboo and CPH participles were manufactured using different surface to core layer ratios (30, 40 and 50%) and various UF ratios for surface layer (6, 8 and 10%) and for core layer (4, 6 and 8%). Modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bond strength (IB) and thickness swelling (TS) properties of the boards were evaluated based on Standard TCVN7756:2007 Test Methods for general purpose used in dry conditions. The results showed that boards in all ratios of surface to core layer investigated could be manufactured using up till 8% UF resin for surface layer and up till 6% UF resin for core layer without falling below the minimum Standard VN7754:2007. The optimal condition was the surface to core layer ratio of 30% used with 9.51% UF resin for surface layer and 7.45% UF resin for core layer obtaining the lowest thickness swelling (TS) 11.13%. The highest values of MOR and IB were 15.25 MPa and 0.45 MPa, respectively. This study demonstrates that cocoa pod husks and bamboo waste can be an alternative raw material source for particleboard production.

Fluidodynamic Analysis of Cylindrical Particles in Fluidized Bed With Aspect Ratio Variation

A velocidade mínima do fluido nas partículas é um parâmetro hidrodinâmico que influencia fortemente o comportamento em projetos de reatores de leito fluidizado. A maioria dos trabalhos acadêmicos utiliza como um dos principais parâmetros em suas correlações a esfericidade. Outros estudos afirmam que a razão de aspecto influencia grandemente a velocidade mínima de fluidização. Utilizando um reator de leito fluidizado, partículas de bambu cilíndricas com razões de aspecto de 2, 4 e 6 foram fluidizadas. Os resultados das velocidades mínimas de fluidização foram comparados com outros autores, onde três foram suficientemente próximos dentro de uma variação de 20% dos valores obtidos nos experimentos. Uma nova correlação foi proposta variando-se a razão de aspecto onde os valores da fluidização mínima foram muito próximos aos da experimental.

Preparation, characterisation of bamboo charcoal particles and the effect of their application on thermo-physiological comfort properties of woven fabrics

Bamboo charcoal particles were prepared at micro level and applied on three types of woven fabric, namely 100% cotton, 100% polyester and 65/35 p/c blend. The thermo-physiological comfort properties such as wetting, wicking, water vapour permeability, air permeability and thermal resistance of the control and treated fabrics were investigated to study the effect of bamboo charcoal particles application on these fabrics. The results reveal that the bamboo charcoal treated fabrics show a good improvement in wetting, wicking and water vapour permeability. The charcoal particle finished fabrics also showed a slight decrease in thermal resistance thereby contributing to a corresponding improvement in thermal conductivity with a reduction in air permeability when compared with the control fabrics. The bamboo charcoal treated fabrics showed a good fastness to washing thus exhibiting good durability on the fabrics selected for the study. Also, the charcoal treated fabrics revealed a higher wickability than the control fabrics even after 20 washes.

Bamboo particle reinforced polypropylene composites made from different fractions of bamboo culm: Fiber characterization and analysis of composite properties

AbstractDifferences in anatomical structure and chemical composition of bamboo fractions have an obvious influence on the properties of bamboo thermoplastic composites (BPCs). Six fractions of bamboo particles including bamboo culm (BC), bamboo green (BG), bamboo timber (BT), bamboo yellow (BY), bamboo node (BN), and bamboo processing residue (BR) were prepared and compounded with polypropylene (PP) to fabricate BPCs using extrusion. The anatomical structure, chemical composition, crystallinity, and morphology of the bamboo particles were characterized. The processability, mechanical properties, creep‐recovery, and dynamic viscoelasticity of the BPCs were evaluated. The results show that the anatomical structure and composition of the bamboo fractions influenced the crystallinity, morphology, and aspect ratio (L/D) of the bamboo particles, as well as the performance of the resulting composites. BG had the largest crystallinity, length, and L/D, followed by BC and BT. BY was the shortest with the smallest L/D. The BC/PP composites exhibited the best processability and optimal mechanical properties. The BG/PP composites had the highest modulus and creep resistance. The BY/PP composites had the poorest processability and mechanical performance. These results indicate that BG from processing residues can be recycled into high‐value composites and provide a scientific basis for further research on BPCs made from bamboo processing residues.

Tailoring the performance of bamboo filler reinforced epoxy composite: insights into fracture properties and fracture mechanism

Due to the graded micro-structure and high specific strength-stiffness, bamboo micro fillers are systematically utilized in reinforcing different thermoset and thermoplastic polymers as replacement of conventional glass and carbon fillers. In this work, micro-size bamboo particle fillers are reinforced in ‘specific grade’ thermoset epoxy matrix and its fracture properties has been evaluated by following linear elastic fracture mechanics. To enhance its compatibility with the polymer matrix and to reduce the hydrophilicity, the bamboo micro fillers are surface modified through alkaline treatment. The extent of surface modification and removal of lower weight polymers from filler surface are examined and established by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. The fracture properties of bamboo-epoxy composite material are observed to be increasing with the addition of bamboo fillers and the maximum value of fracture toughness is 0.678 MPa.m0.5 which is 32% higher than the same for neat epoxy samples. In addition, the mechanisms of notch initiated fracture propagation have also been explained for the understanding of stress singularity present at the preexisted crack tip.

THERMAL MODIFICATION OF SUGARCANE WASTE AND BAMBOO PARTICLES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PARTICLEBOARDS

ABSTRACT The thermal modification of particles of the paticleboards constituted of agroforest and industrial waste can improves the dimensional stability (thickness variation) and reduces the use of chemicals that can raise the costs of the process or be hazardous to humans and the environment. This study evaluated the effect of the thermal modification on the physical-mechanical properties and density profile of particleboards manufactured from sugarcane bagasse and bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) (Schult f.) Backer ex Heyne). A mixture of 75% bamboo particles and 25% sugarcane bagasse was subjected to 220 °C temperature for 201 min. Urea-formaldehyde (UF)-based adhesive with three solids contents (10, 12 and 14%) based on the dry mass of the particles was used for the aggregation of the materials. Both temperature and increases in the adhesive content improved their dimensional stability, however, the thermal treatment reduced the mechanical properties. The particleboards composed of treated particles did not meet the minimum specifications established by the Brazilian norm utilized. The densitometric profiles were negatively influenced by the thermal modification and improved by the increase in adhesive content.

Evaluation of the strength, sorption and thermal properties of bamboo plastic composites

Natural fiber plastic composites were made from Nigerian grown bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) by extrusion and evaluated for strength, sorption and thermal properties. Composites were manufactured using two different screened bamboo particle size fractions (<2 mm and < 0.5 mm). The composites were tested for flexural properties, water sorption, melt flow and thermal properties. The melt viscosities at 190oC were 22.3 ± 0.91 kPa·s (<2 mm) and 27.4 ± 1.2 kPa·s (<0.5 mm). The results obtained indicated that the composites made with the smaller particle size fraction had higher flexural strength (37.4 ± 1.0 MPa) and modulus of elasticity (2.0 ± 0.2 GPa) than those made with the larger particle size fraction (29.9 ± 1.1 MPa and 1.7 ± 0.1 GPa). Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) also showed higher dynamic storage modulus for the <0.5 mm particle-based composites than those made from the <2 mm particle size fraction due to higher density and better interfacial interaction between the fiber and matrix. Also, the composites made with the smaller particles and were more dimensionally stable (water absorption of 5.4% versus 18.5% at 61 d). The bamboo composites had thermal stablility range of 265 – 279oC (onset degradation temperature). The composites made with the smaller bamboo particles possessed the better properties in comparison with those made from the <2 mm. Particle size and density significantly affected the mechanical, physical, thermal and rheological properties of the composites evaluated. Keywords: Bambusa vulgaris, flexural properties, natural fiber plastic composites, particle size

Effect of Particle Size on Bamboo Particle Board Properties

ABSTRACT In this work, bamboo chips (Dendrocalamus asper) were crushed according to four particle size classes (A = -35+40 mesh; B = -40+48 mesh; C = -48+60 mesh; D = -60+65 mesh) to produce particleboards with four different compositions (100%A; 75%A + 25% B; 50%A + 50%B; 25%A + 25%B + 25%C + 25%D). Each composition was considered a treatment. The aim was to verify the effect on the physical and mechanical properties of panels. The test methods and requirements to evaluate the properties were based on NBR 14810 Brazilian standard. The results showed that the particle size used in compositions showen no significant effect on moisture content, density, thickness swelling (24 hours), internal bonding or resistance to screw withdrawal (face and side) of panels. Significant effects were verified on water absorption (2 and 24 hours), thickness swelling (2 hours), MOR and MOE to static bending.

Technological properties of particleboards produced using mixture of pines and bamboo

ABSTRACT: This paper aimed to evaluate the technological properties of particleboards produced with particles of unconventional species, bamboo of the species Phyllostachys edulis, and of the genus traditionally used by the sector for the production of the particulate panels in Brazil, Pinus spp.The bamboo splints of 3 years old were collected in Frei Rogério, Santa Catarina, being transformed into particles in a mill hammer, while the particles of Pinus spp. were collected from the industrial process of MDP production in Bonet Madeiras e Papéis Ltda Company in Santa Cecília, Santa Catarina. The company used eight-year-old logs of P. taeda and P. elliottii from the thinning process, without distinction of the species. The experiment was composed of five compositions with mixing the bamboo and wood particles in different proportions ((T1)100:0%; (T2)75:25%; (T3)50:50%; (T4)25:75%; (T5)0:100%). The panels were produced nominal density of 700 kg / m³ and pressing cycle of 160ºC and 40 kgf/cm² for 8 minutes. Results reporting physical and mechanical properties of panels were evaluated through Analysis of Variance and Tukey´s Test at 95% probability. The results evidenced that bamboo particles presented potential for the production of particleboard. The most promising results were presented with the addition of 50% of bamboo in the panel composition (T3), mainly by means observed for dimensional stability, as for strength and stiffness. Values of internal bond presented significantly lower averages with the addition of more than 25% of bamboo.

Ultrafine bamboo-char as a new reinforcement in poly(lactic acid)/bamboo particle biocomposites: The effects on mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties

Abstract

Effect of Xylanase–Laccase Synergistic Pretreatment on Physical–Mechanical Properties of Environment-Friendly Self-bonded Bamboo Particleboards

Diminishing wood supply and high formaldehyde emission from synthetic adhesive-bonded lignocellulose boards have become concerns. In this research, new adhesive-free boards made from xylanase–laccase-modified bamboo particles were developed. The bamboo particles were pretreated first with xylanase and then with laccase. The synergistic pretreatment was performed according to a Taguchi experiment that included six variables: xylanase treatment (enzyme concentration: 10, 20, 30 U/g; reaction pH: 8, 9, 10; reaction time: 30, 60, 90 min) and laccase treatment (enzyme concentration: 10, 20, 30 U/g; reaction pH: 2, 3, 4; reaction time: 30, 60, 90 min). The particles were hot-pressed to harvest the self-bonded boards, whose physical–mechanical properties were evaluated. The results showed that all six variables (except laccase reaction time) caused significant effects at 0.05 level on physical–mechanical properties of boards. The optimum pretreatment parameters were determined to be xylanase (20 U/g, pH 9, 60 min) and laccase (20 U/g, pH 4, 60 min). The optimized flexural strength, flexural modulus, internal bonding, and 2 h thickness swelling of boards met the highest requirements in Chinese national standard GB/T 4897 (2015) for particleboards. The performance of proposed boards was also better than that of reported self-bonded bamboo particleboards with only a laccase pretreatment.

USO DE &lt;i&gt;Bambusa tuldoides&lt;/i&gt; E &lt;i&gt;Eucalyptus grandis&lt;/i&gt; PARA CONFECÇÃO DE PAINÉIS AGLOMERADOS

Painéis formados de bambu podem ser vantajosos quando produzidos com mix de algum tipo de madeira. No entanto, são escassos os estudos utilizando a espécie Bambusa tuldoides que visem produzir painéis uniformes ou combinados com eucalipto. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os atributos físico-mecânicos dos painéis confeccionados por distintas percentagens de Bambusa tuldoides e Eucalyptus grandis. Foram produzidos 36 painéis constituídos pela mistura de 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% (massa seca). Os testes físicos foram umidade das amostras, massa específica, absorção água e o inchamento da espessura. Os testes mecânicos foram extração de parafuso, flexão e tração (ASTM 1037, 1999). Os resultados foram analisados por correlação e regressão. Os painéis apresentaram características mecânicas inferiores aos desempenhos mínimos estipulados pela norma. Conclui-se que painéis uniformes de bambu resultaram desempenho superior nos testes físicos aos do eucalipto, que normalmente são utilizados no setor industrial, entretanto, ao aumentar a quantidade de bambu reduziu-se o desempenho nos testes mecânicos.