Bamboo Extract Research Articles

A Dietary Supplement in the Management of Patients with Lumbar Osteochondrosis: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study.

Various nutritional supplements are available over the counter, yet few have been investigated in randomized controlled trials. The rationale for using the specific mix of nutritional substances including collagen type II, hyaluronic acid, n-acetyl-glucosamine, bamboo extract, L-lysine, and vitamin C is the assumption that combining naturally occurring ingredients of the intervertebral disc would maintain spine function. This double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a nutraceutical supplement mix in the management of lumbar osteochondrosis. Fifty patients were randomly assigned to either the supplement or placebo group in a 1:1 ratio. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) included the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), the visual analogue scale for pain (pVAS), short form-12 (SF-12) physical and mental component summary subscale scores (PCS and MCS, respectively), and global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to evaluate degenerative changes of intervertebral discs (IVD) including Pfirrmann grades as well as three-dimensional (3D) volume measurements. Data were collected at baseline and after the 3-month intervention. None of the PROMs were significantly different between the supplement and placebo groups. Disc degeneration according to Pfirrmann classifications remained stable during the 3-month intervention in both groups. Despite no significance regarding the distribution of Pfirrmann grade changes (improvement, no change, worsening; p = 0.259), in the supplement group, one patient achieved a three-grade improvement, and worsening of Pfirrmann grades were only detected in the placebo group (9.1%). Furthermore, in-depth evaluations of MRIs showed significantly higher 3D-measured volume changes (increase) in the supplement (+740.3 ± 796.1 mm3) compared to lower 3D-measured volume changes (decrease) in the placebo group (-417.2 ± 875.0 mm3; p < 0.001). In conclusion, this multi-nutrient supplement might not only stabilize the progression of lumbar osteochondrosis, but it might also potentially even increase IVD volumes as detected on MRIs.

تأثير بعض مستخلصات الطحالب والنباتات على النمو والحاصل البيولوجي لزهرة الشمس

A field experiment was conducted at the fields of Dubana Company for Modern Agricultural Equipment in the Yusufiyah area, Al-Rashid district, Baghdad Governorate, located on a line between 44°E longitude and 33°N latitude during the spring season of 2022. The objective was to study the effect of using some plant extracts and seaweed on the growth of three genotypes of sunflower and their reflection on the biological yield. The experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split-plot arrangement with three replications, including five bio nutrition treatments (spraying the biological stimulant with seaweed extract BMstart, spraying seaweed extract Alga600, adding bamboo extract Seek, spraying Moringa leaf extract, and a control treatment spraying with distill water only) allocated to the main plots, and three genotypes (Lilo, Ishaqi-2, and Flamy) allocated to the sub plots. The results showed the superiority of the treatment of spraying seaweed extract Alga600 in stem diameter (2.87 cm), plant height (207.50 cm), leaf area (2414.3 cm2), and biological yield (22.28 tons ha-1), while the treatment of spraying Moringa leaves extract showed superiority in the number of leaves (30.28 leaf plant-1) and harvest index (22.49%). As for the genotypes, Ishaqi-2 showed superiority in stem diameter (2.72 cm), leaf area (2325.6 cm2), biological yield (24.11 tons ha-1), and harvest index (21.92%), while Lilo was superior in number of leaves (29.31 leaf plant-1), and Flamy was superior in plant height (201.98 cm).

Assessment of in vitro antioxidant potential of Bambusa balcooa crude extracts and their safety evaluation based on biochemical alteration in C57bL/6 mice

Bamboo is an ancient therapeutic plant, having shoots and leaves with high nutritional as well as medicinal value. Owing to their indigenous therapeutic uses, the bamboo-based pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products are in great demand among the masses. However, anti-nutritional factors present in the shoots have toxic effects, which makes their processing and safety evaluation an essential step prior to consumed as food or for possible medicinal effects. Present study evaluated the phytochemicals, in vitro antioxidant potential and toxicity profile of crude extracts of Bambusa balcooa leaf and fresh as well as processed shoots. Total phenol and flavonoid content were found highest in the leaf extract (BLE) whereas among shoots highest content was in the fermented shoot extract (FMSE). Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl free radical scavenging activities of BLE and FMSE were also high, corresponding to the presence of various phytochemicals including rich flavonoid and phenol content. The safety profile of bamboo extracts was evaluated by their oral administration to C57BL/6 male mice with the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight for 10 weeks. Results revealed no significant alteration in body weight and general behaviour in all plant extract treated groups in comparison to control. There was slight decrease in the serum lactate dehydrogenase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase level of BLE and FMSE treated groups while serum protein, alkaline phosphatase, urea and blood urea nitrogen of all treatment groups remain similar to the control group. The study revealed that all the extracts of Bambusa balcooa are considered safe as no toxicity was observed, and fermented shoots and leaf extract having highest in vitro antioxidant activity need to be further analysed for their associated health benefits.

Response surface optimization for deep eutectic solvents extraction of bamboo shoots proteins

To enhance the protein extraction rate of bamboo shoots, the Response Surface Methodology was utilized to optimize the protein extraction process of Chimonobambusa purpurea Hsueh f. & T.P.Yi (syn. Chimonobambusa neopurpurea T.P.Yi) bamboo shoots. Choline chloride and proline were utilized as hydrogen bond acceptors in a total of eight deep eutectic solvents, whereas glucose, sucrose, glycerol, ethylene glycol, acetylpropionic acid, malic acid, and lactic acid were used as hydrogen bond donors. This work examined the protein extraction from bamboo shoots using deep eutectic solvents. Single-factor experiments were conducted to determine the optimal composition of the deep eutectic solvents, along with the ideal gradients of material-liquid ratio gradients, water content, extraction time, and water bath temperature. The impact and interplay of various variables on the protein extraction rate of bamboo shoots were examined using the Box-Behnken Design and Response Surface Methodology. Both the water bath temperature and the extraction time significantly influenced the protein extraction rate of bamboo shoots. Notably, the interaction between extraction time and water bath temperature had the most substantial effect on the protein extraction rate of bamboo shoots. The quadratic response surface regression equation for the protein extraction rate of bamboo shoots relative to the actual values of each factor was obtained as follows: Protein extraction rate = −193.3275 + 3.8395 A - 18.7075 B + 6.3285 C + 0.2125 AB - 0.0089 AC + 0.024 BC - 0.02885 A2 + 0.685 B2 - 0.06455 C2. Finally, this work predicted optimum extraction parameters for bamboo shoots with choline chloride-sucrose (molar ratio 1:2), a material-liquid ratio of 1:50, a water content of 74 %, an extraction time of 4 h, and a water bath temperature of 44 ℃. Under the optimal conditions, the protein extraction yield was 59.39±0.45 %, which aligned with the predicted value from the response surface fitting equation. This indicated that the optimised regression equation may have practical significance. Compared with conventional extraction using a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution, deep eutectic solvents extraction of bamboo shoots is more environmentally friendly, non-toxic and harmless. It provides a theoretical and experimental reference for industrial extraction and offers a reference for deep eutectic solvent development in bamboo shoot resource utilization.Key message:To enhance the protein extraction rate of bamboo shoots, the Response Surface Methodology was utilized to optimize the protein extraction process of bamboo shoots.

A STUDY ON PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A STATE PUBLIC SECTOR UNDERTAKING IN HIMACHAL PRADESH

Himachal Pradesh occupies sixth position in the country in respect of its forest coverage. Forests are an important resource of the state and it occupies an area of 36,986 sq. km. This accounts for about 66.4% of the total geographical area of the state. ‘Himachal Pradesh State Forest Corporation Ltd.’ being unique in its nature has to perform numerous activities relating to Timber extraction work, Bamboo extraction work, Resin extraction work, and Resin processing and marketing work etc. So, it becomes very essential to study the performance of the Corporation to pin point its strength and weakness. In this study an attempt has been made to evaluate the performance of Himachal Pradesh State Forest Corporation. In order to make this study intensive and more comprehensive, it covers a period of thirteen years i.e. from 1994-95 to 2006-07. The basic purpose of this study is to evaluate the financial performance of the Corporation. It includes short-term financial performance, long-term financial performance, and profitability performance. This doctoral level scholastic investigation is being presented in a nutshell. Here only evaluation of Secondary Data towards performance of Himachal Pradesh State Forest Corporation Ltd is being shown.

Antimicrobial potential of extracts from leaves and culms of an Amazonian native bamboo.

Antibiotics have shown less efficiency against resistance of pathogenic microorganisms. As a result, research centers have sought therapeutic alternatives against multidrug resistance of bacteria to antibiotics, one of which is using plant extracts. Bamboo extracts are used for several medicinal purposes. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial potential of hydroalcoholic extracts of culms and leaves of the species Guadua aff. lynnclarkiae on strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. We evaluated the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Only the leaves of G. aff. lynnclarkiae showed a bactericidal effect for all tested strains with MBC ranging from 1.55 mg ml-1 to 25 mg ml-1. The culms had bacteriostatic action with MIC ranging from 1.55 mg ml-1 to 6.25 mg ml-1, and bactericidal action at the concentration of 6.25 mg ml-1 only for S. aureus. This study provides bases for the use of this Amazonian native bamboo in bioprospecting.

Bamboo and value addition: a boon for industrial development

Bamboo has been increasingly used as a substitute for tropical timber in the International market. Value-added bamboo products are becoming popular due to their characteristics of durability and strength, which resemble the qualities of tropical wood while providing an equally sustainable alternative. Bamboo is considered a grass with rapid growth. As it is a colony plant, it produces new canes (culms) every year from the root system. After 3 to 5 years, culms are ready for harvest, depending on the species. Every year, 5–6 culms can be harvested (from the species that are growing in clumps). Due to this feature, bamboos are mostly used in the rural and semi-urban areas to make houses and so is known as 'poor man's timber. Bamboo shows a very significant part in day-to-day survives (lodging, service, revenue, gasoline, etc.). Lately, bamboo has also found more uses in the manufacturing areas as well as in transitory assemblies. Moreover, being a vital section of cottage and rural business, it is also utilized in some dedicated different usages such bamboo wood, bamboo based-laminates, floor tiling, strengthening in cement material etc. Pulp and paper, Gasoline (charcoal), Fixtures and Handcrafts (picnic basket, jewellery, ball-points, cycles etc.), Building (houses, channels framework, armoured, barriers, concrete, boats), Harmonious Gadgets, Customary drugs, Food (shoots, wine) and silage. Separately from the varied usages of bamboo, the tender sprouts, being little in fat, rich in dietary fibre and mineral content, decent source of potassium, calcium, manganese, zinc, chromium, copper, iron and lesser quantity of phosphorus and selenium. The sprouts are eaten due to their unusual palate, flavour, medicinal and nourishing importance. Diverse value added foodstuffs such as nuggets, pickle and biscuit can be prepared from new bamboo sprouts. Anti-carcinogenic ingredients existing in sprouts marks them a regular portion of regime. It is assumed that bamboo extract offer anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, this paper discusses about the bamboo and its value addition via bamboo-based products industry's future.

The Effects of Drying Techniques on Phytochemical Contents and Biological Activities on Selected Bamboo Leaves.

The therapeutic potential of bamboos has acquired global attention. Nonetheless, the biological activities of the plants are rarely considered due to limited available references in Sabah, Malaysia. Furthermore, the drying technique could significantly affect the retention and degradation of nutrients in bamboos. Consequently, the current study investigated five drying methods, namely, sun, shade, microwave, oven, and freeze-drying, of the leaves of six bamboo species, Bambusa multiplex, Bambusa tuldoides, Bambusa vulgaris, Dinochloa sublaevigata, Gigantochloa levis, and Schizostachyum brachycladum. The infused bamboo leaves extracts were analysed for their total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The antioxidant activities of the samples were determined via the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, whereas their toxicities were evaluated through the brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA). The chemical constituents of the samples were determined using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The freeze-drying method exhibited the highest phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity yield, excluding the B. vulgaris sample, in which the microwave-dried sample recorded the most antioxidant and phytochemical levels. The TPC and TFC results were within the 2.69 ± 0.01–12.59 ± 0.09 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and 0.77 ± 0.01–2.12 ± 0.01 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g ranges, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) were 2.92 ± 0.01–4.73 ± 0.02 and 1.89–0.01 to 3.47 ± 0.00 µg/mL, respectively, indicating high radical scavenging activities. The FRAP values differed significantly between the drying methods, within the 6.40 ± 0.12–36.65 ± 0.09 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g range. The phytochemical contents and antioxidant capacities exhibited a moderate correlation, revealing that the TPC and TFC were slightly responsible for the antioxidant activities. The toxicity assessment of the bamboo extracts in the current study demonstrated no toxicity against the BSLA based on the LC50 (lethal concentration 50) analysis at >1000 µg/mL. LC-MS analysis showed that alkaloid and pharmaceutical compounds influence antioxidant activities, as found in previous studies. The acquired information might aid in the development of bamboo leaves as functional food items, such as bamboo tea. They could also be investigated for their medicinal ingredients that can be used in the discovery of potential drugs.

The Effects of Different Natural Plant Extracts on the Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Roast Duck.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with high carcinogenicity and mutagenicity may be generated in roast duck during high-temperature roasting. Natural extracts with antioxidant effects may inhibit the formation of PAHs. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of green tea extract (GTE); extract of bamboo leaves (EBL); grape seed extract (GSE) and rosemary extract (RE) on PAHs in roast duck to obtain the optimum extract and present a guidance for reducing PAHs in roast duck. The total phenol content and antioxidant capacity of the four extracts were measured, and the PAH changes in the roast duck caused by the four extracts were detected. The total phenol content of GTE was the highest, 277 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g, while RE was the lowest at 85 mg GAE/g. The antioxidant capacity of RE was 1.9 mmol Trolox/g, which was significantly lower than that of the other three. The four extracts inhibited PAHs formation in roast duck to varying degrees: When the concentration was 25 g/kg, the best inhibitory effects on Benzo [a] pyrene (BaP) and PAH4 (BaP, BaA, BbF and CHR) were obtained from GTE, with inhibition rates of 75.8% and 79.7%, respectively, while the weakest inhibition rates, 32.7% and 43.6%, respectively, were from RE.

Towards an integrative perspective on commercialised wild-gathered bamboo use: insights into the extraction of lung bamboo in the Vietnamese uplands

ABSTRACT Bamboo is a vital non-timber forest product (NTFP) and income source for rural communities in the Global South, including in Latin America, Asia, Africa and Oceania. Due to the manifold goods and services it provides to society, bamboo has recently drawn considerable attention in the forest-development discourse. The potential that bamboo offers as a substitute for timber in the industrialised production of pulp, paper, charcoal and flooring is spurring bamboo commercialisation in light of nascent bamboo-processing industries. This is most apparent in Asia, where Viet Nam has some of the largest forest bamboo resources and ambitious government plans aim to boost sector development in the future. As is observable worldwide, the bulk of bamboo in Viet Nam grows naturally, often as a weakly regulated common-pool resource. Hence, as for many other wild-gathered NTFPs, the commercialisation of the harvesting, trading and processing of forest bamboo raises questions about balancing use and conservation to achieve long-term sustainability. Empirical studies that provide an integrative perspective on wild-gathered bamboo commercialisation are rare. To close the knowledge gap, this exploratory study investigates the social, economic and ecological dimensions of the commercialisation of lung bamboo (Bambusa longissima sp. nov.), a native bamboo species endemic to north-central Viet Nam. We combined quantitative and qualitative social science research methods with a forest inventory of selected lung bamboo exploitation sites in the Que Phong district (a mountainous region of Nghe An province), where lung bamboo use constitutes a vital element of local livelihoods. Our results highlight the need to consider the complex interplay of local livelihoods, harvesting regimes, institutional arrangements and value-chain configurations to understand the ecological outcomes of wild-gathered bamboo commercialisation. We call for the adoption of an integrative perspective when designing practical project interventions, sector plans and policies for forest bamboo commercialisation. Promoting alternative livelihood options, robust and clear institutional arrangements to regulate access and tenure, capacity building in management and harvesting and, not least, supportive commodity-chain governance are critical elements on the pathway to greater sustainability in wild-gathered bamboo commercialisation.

Vegetative Growth Response of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) After Applicated Several Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs)

Vegetative growth of plants can be influenced by internal factors including hormones (Plant Growth Regulators). The purpose of the study is to determine the growth response of soybean ( Glycine max L.Merril) after application of some plant growth regulators (PGRs). The research method used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD). There were four levels of extract concentration that were applied namely P0: Control, P1: onion extract, P2 bamboo shoot extract, and P3: banana weevil extract. Data of the growt parameters were analyzed with ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and continued with LSD 0.05 test. Results of the study showed that the application of PGRs from extracts of onion , bamboo shoots and banana weevil give the increase of growth in height of plants in 15 days after planting, fresh weight, dry wight and root volume of soybean (G. max). Application of PGRs couldn’t give any effect in high, number of leaves and ratio of canopy roots 27 days after planting.Keywords : Glycine max L. Merril , Vegetative growth, and Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs

Alleviative Effect of Herbal Extract Containing Phytoconstituents of Bambusa vulgaris and Opuntia ficus-indica against AOM/DSS-Induced Colorectal-Carcinoma-Bearing Mice

AbstractThe study includes preliminary phytochemical screening and assessing alleviative effects of ethanolic extract of Bambusa vulgaris shoots and Opuntia ficus-indica fruits (EEBO) on azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS)-induced colorectal cancer in rodents. Acute oral toxicity study was performed to find the therapeutic dose of EEBO. In animals, cancer was induced by single injection of AOM 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally followed by supply of three repeated cycles of 2.5% of DSS solution. Then animals were treated with EEBO from third day of experiment and treatment was continued throughout the experimental period. The anticancer effect was assessed by studying body weight (b. wt) changes, macroanatomy, antioxidant level, and microanatomy of colon. The phytochemical evaluation revealed the presence of alkaloid, glycoside, carbohydrate, and flavonoid in bamboo extract, whereas glycoside and flavonoid in cactus extract. The results found that EEBO increases the b. wt and level of antioxidants like sodium dismutase, glutathione, and catalase and meanwhile decreases malondialdehyde. Macroanatomy study indicated a decrease in the numbers of adenoma and inflammatory signs in the treated group when compared with diseased group. Histopathology revealed that the presence of EEBO improved the colon histoarchitecture similar to normal and masked the crypt appearance. Decreased chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus numbers were observed in EEBO treated group. Overall, results suggest that the EEBO 400 mg/kg exhibited highest activity compared with 200 and 100 mg/kg and the effect may be attributed to its antigenotoxic or antioxidant effect.

Oxidation and flavor changes in smoked bacon cured using bamboo extract concentrate combined with bamboo poles during storage

Oxidation and flavor changes in smoked bacon cured using bamboo extract concentrate combined with bamboo poles during storage

The Effects of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis), Bamboo Extract (Bambusa vulgaris) and Lactic Acid on Sebum Production in Young Women with Acne Vulgaris Using Sonophoresis Treatment.

People struggling with acne vulgaris, not only experience skin eruptions and skin pain, but also report that their quality of life is worse compared with healthy people. This study examined, for the first time, the effect of sonophoresis on select skin parameters (sebum level) in young women suffering from acne vulgaris. The study included 60 women 19–23 years of age (M = 21.45, SD = 0.91) with mild and moderate facial acne. The inclusion criteria were 19–23 years of age, female or male gender, mild to moderate acne, no dermatological treatment within last 12 months, and no hormonal contraception (women). No men volunteered for the study, so the group was homogeneous. The patients were divided into two groups. Group A underwent a sonophoresis procedure using ultrasound and ultrasound gel combined with a green tea, bamboo extract ampule, and 5% lactic acid. Group B was the placebo group, where sonophoresis was performed using only ultrasound gel (no ampules). The members of the placebo group were told that they were undergoing sonophoresis with a green tea, bamboo extract, and 5% lactic acid ampule. Before and after the series of procedures, sebum levels were measured in the skin. Each patient underwent a series of five procedures using sonophoresis equipment at one-week intervals. Sonophoresis with green tea, bamboo extract, and 5% lactic acid contributed to the reduction of skin eruptions and sebum levels in the participants of the study (group A). The study results demonstrated that the combined use of plant preparations, lactic acid, and ultrasound had a positive effect on the skin of people suffering from acne vulgaris, including reduction of skin eruptions and sebum levels on the surface of the skin.

Pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak daun bambu (Gigantochloa apus) dan konsentrasi starter terhadap kadar total flavonoid, pH dan organoleptik pada yoghurt

Bamboo leaf extract contains flavonoids which have many benefits and herbal properties. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of concentration of bamboo leaf extract and concentration of starter on total flavonoid content, pH value and yogurt organoleptic. This research was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 2 factors. Factor I was the concentration of bamboo leaf extract (5%, 10%, 15%) and factor II was the concentration of starter (4%, 5%, 6%). Parameters tested were total flavonoid content, pH and organoleptic (hedonic test). The results showed that the concentration of addition of fresh bamboo leaf extract and starter concentration had a very significant effect on total flavonoid levels. The pH value tends to decrease with increasing concentration of bamboo extract which is added to the manufacture of bamboo leaf yogurt. The concentration of starter used in making yogurt has a significant effect on the pH value of bamboo leaf yogurt. The best treatment results were yogurt with a concentration of 15% bamboo leaf extract and a starter concentration of 4% with a total flavonoid content of 560.89 mg EQ/ml, a pH value of 5.6, a preference scale for taste 3.82, color 3.02 and texture 3.3.

Quantification of phytochemicals in Muli bamboo [&lt;em&gt;Melocanna baccifera&lt;/em&gt; (Roxb.) Kurz] leaf and shoot extracts and immunomodulatory effect of dietary ethanolic leaves extract on &lt;em&gt;Labeo rohita&lt;/em&gt; (Hamilton)

Traditionally, bamboo has immense medicinal values owing to their rich bioactive compounds. On the other hand, scientific developments in global aquaculture have revealed the significance of dietary nutraceuticals in aquaculture. In this study, efforts have been made to evaluate the properties of shoot and leaf extracts of Melocanna baccifera (Roxb.) Kurz (Muli bamboo) and demonstrated its immunomodulatory potential. At first, four different extracts of bamboo leaf and shoot were prepared through water and ethanolic solvents followed by phytochemical profiling, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of extracts. Based on the in vitro evaluation, BLAL (bamboo leaf alcoholic) extract was chosen for further in vivo evaluation. Second experiment was carried to assess the toxicity of BLAL extract on the Indian major carp, Labeo rohita (Hamilton), locally called ‘rohu’. No mortality was observed up to 20 g of extract kg-1 body weight. Additionally, haemolytic assay was also conducted to ascertain the cellular toxicity of extract. Third experiment was conducted to find out the effect of dietary BLAL extract [doses: control (0.0%), T1 (0.01%), T2 (0.1%) and T3 (1%) of extract kg-1 feed] on immune related genes (HSP70, IL-1β and TNF-α) expression in L. rohita. The present study confirms the presence of vital phytochemicals in bamboo extracts and immunomodulatory potential of ethanolic leaf extract in rohu

Multiple roles of bamboo as a regulator of cyanobacterial bloom in aquatic systems

To understand the potential roles of terrestrial bamboo on controlling cyanobacterial blooms in aquatic systems, growth rates of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and its competitor algae were examined under different concentrations of bamboo extract. In mono-species cultures with unicellular algal strains, 5.0 g L−1 extract treatment suppressed M. aeruginosa growth, while it had little effect on the growth of green alga Scenedesmus obliquus or promoted the growth of diatom Nitzschia palea. In co-species cultures, the extract treatment increased the effect of S. obliquus and N. palea on the growth of M. aeruginosa. Under the extract treatment with a field-collected M. aeruginosa population, its cell density declined and its colony was etiolated and sank, while co-cultured N. palea increased explosively by invading the colony. These results suggest that bamboo forest stands along banks and artificially installed bamboo poles can affect the aquatic environment for phytoplankton community. Enhancing the growth of competitors, especially diatoms that can invade cyanobacterial colonies, by using extracts or by providing substrates for growth, was suggested to be the major way of the bloom control by bamboo.

QUALITY ENHANCEMENT OF TOMATOES (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) USING GIBBERELLIC ACID (GA) FROM VARIOUS PLANT MATERIALS

Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) is a fruit with many benefits. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) prove effective in improving the quality and production of tomatoes. Gibberellic Acid/GA is a PGR that stimulates the process of flowering, parthenocarpy, and carbohydrate mobilization during germination and influences other plant physiological aspects. However, because synthetic GA is costly, numerous natural ingredients have been proposed as its source, for example, bamboo shoots, vegetable ferns, corns, and shallots that can improve the quality of tomatoes. This study aimed to determine the role of natural GA from various plant extracts on the quality of tomatoes, providing recommendations for the best extract to improve the quality of tomatoes. It was conducted in the experimental garden at the Agronomy and Horticulture Laboratory, Physiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, and Food Analysis Laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Udayana University. This research was compiled using a Randomized Group Design consisting of one factor, i.e., the type of natural extract with five settings and four repetitions. The tomato plant treatments were E0 = no extract sprayed, BE = sprayed with bamboo shoot extract, VE = vegetable fern extract, OE = onion extract, and CE = corn extract. The results showed that gibberellins from natural ingredients significantly affected fruit diameter, fruit thickness, and total sugar content of tomatoes. The best tomatoes were obtained by applying onion extract as a source of natural gibberellins.

Are Brazilian bamboo species helpful for cognition and memory?

BackgroundBamboo species has been used for centuries in Asian traditional medicine to treat mental disorders resulting from the aging process. Brazil has the greatest diversity of bamboos in the Americas, with a high degree of endemism, but just a few of them has been studied for bioprospecting purposes. PurposeConsidering the previous report on the use of Asian bamboos to treat diseases affecting cognition and memory, a set of Brazilian bamboos species was investigated for similar properties. MethodsLeaves from Olyra glaberrima, Parodiolyra micrantha, Aulonemia aristulata, Filgueirasia arenicola, Filgueirasia cannavieira, and Merostachys pluriflora were investigated to their chemical profiles, free radical scavenging, anticholinesterase properties, toxicological effects on zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio), and protective effect on memory impairment assays (scopolamine-induced assay). ResultsBased on HPLC-ESI-MS/MS data, 70 compounds had their putative structures assigned based on analysis of molecular formula and fragmentation pattern. The most abundant compounds were glycosylated flavonoids, followed by terpenoids and soluble sugars. Overall bamboo leaf extracts showed high antioxidant potential. A moderate potential as an inhibitor of the acetylcholinesterase activity was detected for M. pluriflora. The in vivo assays indicated that aqueous extracts at 0.1 mg/ml are not toxic for zebrafish embryos and do not alter the larval exploratory behavior. The extracts from O. glaberrima, P. micrantha, A. aristulata, and F. arenicola increased the cognitive capacity of zebrafish larvae against an aversive stimulus. In adult zebrafish, the extracts from O. glaberrima, F. cannavieira, and M. pluriflora prevented the cognitive deficit induced by scopolamine treatment. ConclusionsAqueous extracts of the six Brazilian bamboo species showed high in vitro antioxidant potential. Some bamboo extracts increased the cognitive capacity of zebrafish larvae in the face of an aversive stimulus. Furthermore, some of them can reduce the memory loss induced by scopolamine in zebrafish adults. Moreover, many substances that were detected in this study had never been described for bamboos. This was the first study with herbaceous bamboo species; it is also the first study that used zebrafish as an experimental model to test bamboo extracts.

Identification and activity of active compound of bamboo leaves (Bambusa vulgaris Schrad ex.J.C) ethanolic extract against diabetic ulcers gram-negative bacteria from diabetic ulcer’s patient

Background: Bamboo leaves (Bambusa vulgaris Schrad ex.J.C) are plants that are known to have pharmacological activity, one of which is to have antibacterial activity. Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFU) is one chronic complication of diabetes mellitus. DFU is open sores on the surface of the skin that can be accompanied by local tissue death. Infection that is not appropriately treated in patients can cause amputation. Improper use of antibiotics can cause resistance events. A resistance that occurs in Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli in isolates from DFU patients encourages researchers to look for alternative antibiotics from natural resources. Objective: Determine the profile of secondary metabolites by thin-layer chromatography, foam index, total phenols, total flavonoids and the antibacterial activity of bamboo (B. vulgaris) through the antibacterial with clear zone value of bamboo leaf ethanol extract against bacteria E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and P. mirabilis. Method: Phenol, flavonoid, and triterpenoid test using TLC method. Saponin tests were carried out using foam index, fish index, and hemolytic index test methods. Total flavonoid testing using Chang method and total phenol method using the Follin Ciocalteau reagent then proceed using a spectrophotometer. Test the antibacterial activity using the agar diffusion method. Results: Chromatographic profile, phenol, flavonoid, and triterpenoid compounds were obtained; saponin index obtained foam index of 333; fish index of 200; and the hemolytic index of 1,111. The total phenol test was 16.052 ± 3.12 % and the total flavonoid was 2.42 ± 0.44 %. Antibacterial activity test obtained MIC values of 60 mg/ml for E. coli bacteria; 100 mg/ml for the bacterium P. aeruginosa; and 30 mg/ml of P. mirabilis. Conclusion: The content of secondary metabolites found in the ethanol extract of bamboo leaves were flavonoid, phenol, saponin and triterpenoids. Ethanol extract of bamboo leaves has a the potential to produce antibacterial activity against gram-negative pathogenic bacteria isolated from diabetic wound patients Keywords: Bambusa vulgaris Schrad ex.J.C, total phenol, total flavonoid, MIC