Bamboo Construction Research Articles

EVALUASI SAMBUNGAN MUR-BAUT STRUKTUR PORTAL TRUSS “THE GREAT HALL” OBI ECO CAMPUS - JATILUHUR

Abstract- Bolt joint is one of the common joineries in a modern bamboo construction. The usage of the bolt joints in bamboo joinery are believed to be the most efficient therefore the bolt joint was used regardless of the various kind of different forces in every bamboo joinery. One of the disadvantage of the bolt joints in bamboo construction in the force that flow parallel to the bamboo fibers therefore some of joineries needed to be strengthen to prevent the joinery failure. The Great Hall OBI Eco Campus is one of the building which the joineries entirely connected by the bolt joints, through different forces in every joinery some of the joinery in the building are strengthen by rope. The bolt joints have many other combinations to strengthen the joinery that could be an option, they are bolt joint with clamping and with mortar injection. Key Words: Bolt Joint, parallel forcee to the bamboo fiber, strengthen by rope, “The Great Hall” OBI Eco Campus, Clamping, Mortar Injection

Research on the Applicability of Low-tech Bamboo Architecture in New Rural Construction

Bamboo resources are abundant in China, and low-tech bamboo structures are used to maximize the sustainable development of new rural construction. This paper will deeply explore, study and analyze the issue of low-tech bamboo construction, then further analyze its applicability in new rural construction, and ultimately find a feasible plan about bamboo construction, so as to take effective measures to combine new rural construction and green science and technology.

Enframed Scenery and Flowing Wind

This article introduces a bamboo building constructed by the team from Tongji University in the Louna International University Construction Competition. It introduces the design strategies on how the building responds to the local natural environment. Based on the study of ecological design, this article aims to discuss the value of bamboo and its ecological significance as a kind of building material. After analyzing this construction as the theme of “camping device” in Louna, Guizhou, China, it discusses the strategies and methods of architectural design from three aspects: regional building materials, terrain environment and regional climate. Under the guidance of the ecological design principles, it also wants to explore the design principles and methods of the bamboo materials. Afterwards, combined with this camping equipment, this article not only shows the process of bamboo structure design from concept design to detailed study, but also has a brief study of bamboo structure, bamboo node and bamboo skin. In the design process, we think about the design itself, and thus to dig the role of bamboo construction in response to the natural environment in Guizhou province.

BAMBOO FOUNDATION DENGAN PENDEKATAN SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE DI BOYOLALI

<p><em>The background of designing Bamboo Foundation in Boyolali is the emergence of human’s awareness to save the environment especially in the use of eco-friendly building materials. Unfortunately these phenomenon is used by several parties to gain much profit by producing materials and labeling their product with eco-friendly label and then sell them in a very expensive price. Because of the phenomenon then occur an idea to persuade the society to use eco-friendly materials but in a cheap price and good quality which is bamboo. Along with the finding of bamboo preservation and processing methods ,it shows that bamboo has a big potential to be used as main material in a construction. So the existence of Bamboo Foundation to provide education about bamboo for the society. The designing problem is not only how to develop the bamboo preservatives and processing education but also about the conservation of various bamboo species based on the application of sustainable architecture in Bamboo Foundation design. The method used is architectural design method that combine various bamboo construction structure with the application of sustainability architecture. The result is the design of a bamboo education facilities consists of gallery, class, workshop, bamboo conservation, and supporting buildings that also use as a precedent for the visitors.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>:</em><em> Bamboo, Conservati</em><em>on</em><em>,</em><em> </em><em>Educati</em><em>on, </em><em>Sustainable Architecture.</em><em></em></p>

Mechanical properties of different bamboo species

Bamboo is a rapid renewable plant that has a fast growth rate as compared to trees, which increases its suitability to be used as a sustainable source for wood industry, especially in construction works. Due to the lack of understanding on bamboo properties, the utilization of bamboo in construction has always been neglected. This paper presents an investigation on the mechanical properties of four species of treated bamboos that are available in Malaysia, which include Bambusa Vulgaris, Dendrocalamus Asper, Schizostachyum Grande , and Gigantochloa Scortechinii . A mechanical testing was carried out in various parts along the culm of these bamboo species in order to examine the differences of their compressive strength and tensile strength. The strength development and moisture content of these bamboo species were also monitored at a five-month interval. The results showed that Bambusa Vulgaris, Dendrocalamus Asper , and Gigantochloa Scortechinii possess excellent mechanical properties in compression and tensile strength, which indicate a good quality to be used as a construction material. As bamboo offers promising advantages, thus, it is suitable to be used as a substitute in place of structural timber in construction, which indirectly facilitates the preservation of the global environment.

Study of Load Bearing Capacity of Bamboo Culm Bundles for The Design Applications in Small Public Building

Bamboo is a natural material which is easy to find around the world. It is beautiful, strong, and suitable for using in construction. It can grow fast; it can be used as an alternative construction material that can become friendly to the environment. In bamboo construction, we know that bamboo has the limit of each culm to the loading carrying. Therefore, in order for the structure to carry more loads, quantity of bamboo culms should be increased. Most common method is to put culms together called “bundling”. There are also many techniques to do bundles. This research is aimed to study the loading capacity of bamboo culm bundles with various bundling methods in both column and beam application. The bundles of columns and beams are very straight forward method, so it is chosen to be investigated. The research also will provides the design guideline in choosing the right amount of culms and the right bundling method to design columns and beams. The research is the experimental research that does the finding by testing the loading capacity of setting specimens. The bamboo specie is selected to be Pai Sang Mon (Dendrocalamus Munro). The diameter is set to be the diameter of 8-10 centimeters. The variables in bundling methods are set to be 2 types. They are bamboo dowels with nylon rope and nuts and bolts. The amount of bamboo columns used in bundling in order to test the load carrying capacity is one to four culms. The method is to find load carrying capacity of bamboos by using ISO-22157 standards (Determination of physical and mechanical properties of bamboo). The load carrying capacity of bamboo columns and beams result appears to be highly increased if the amount of bamboo column increases. The load carrying from the bundling method with nuts and bolts appears to be higher than the bundling method with be bamboo dowels with nylon rope. The result of experimental research testing then are put to do modeling program, SAP2000 Educational Version. It is a tool to design and calculate the structural to finding sizing cross sectional, long culm and small public building.

Analysis of the hollow structure with functionally gradient materials of moso bamboo

Bamboo is a fiber-reinforced bio-composite with superior structural behavior. The hollow structure as well as the gradient distribution of bamboo fiber is the embodiment of the superior bamboo construction. To validate this, tensile tests were performed on bamboo test specimens. The volume fractions of bamboo fiber and parenchymatous ground tissue along the radius of the culm wall were scanned and calculated. The elastic moduli of bamboo fiber and parenchymatous ground tissue were estimated, according to the linear equations obtained by regression analysis. With the equivalent volume, a numerical hollow model and solid model were built to make comparative analysis on their mechanical behavior. For the purpose of verifying the advantage of fiber gradient distribution, models, which were composed of fiber and parenchymatous ground tissue with different fiber distributions, were built for comparative analysis. Results show that under the condition of using the same material, the hollow structure as well as fiber gradient distribution of bamboo possess excellent mechanical performance of bamboo structure.

Engineered bamboo: state of the art

Bamboo is a rapidly renewable material that is available globally and comparable in strength to modern structural materials. The widespread use of bamboo in construction is limited by the inherent variability in its geometric and mechanical properties, and the lack of standardisation. Engineered bamboo aims to reduce the variability of the natural material and is processed and manufactured into laminated composites. Although the composites have mechanical properties similar to other structural materials, the products are currently limited to architectural applications. A field of research on engineering bamboo is emerging with the aim to demonstrate and expand its use to structural applications. To summarise the state of the art, a review of published research is presented with the focus on two types of engineered bamboo: bamboo scrimber and laminated bamboo. The materials are compared with structural timber and laminated veneer lumber to demonstrate the potential applications and practical use.

Bamboos Diversity and its Utilization among the Lepcha Tribe of Dzongu Valley, Sikkim, India

Dzongu valley is richly endowed with the bamboo resources and it plays an important role in socio-economy of Lepcha tribe which inhabit the valley. Lepchas are known for their skill and traditional knowledge on bio-resources. They use bamboo for construction of houses, making baskets, prayer flag pole, bow, arrow, fishing devices, house hold articles, handicrafts etc. The present paper deals with documentation of bamboo species occurring in Dzongu valley, along with their local name and traditional products.

Determinant of Critical Distance of Bolt on Bamboo Connection

Bamboo is a construction material that has great potential to be utilized as structural material on building construction. Bamboo available in variety length and high strength-weight ratio that make it ideal to be used as main structural component of buildings, such as column, beam, floor, partitions or trusses structural elements. High strength bamboo material can not be fully utilized due to the constraints in the connection system. The connection system adopted in joining bamboo elements on bamboo construction significantly influences the strength as well as behavior of the structure. The existence of nodes at the end of bamboo culms may improve the strength of connection. In practice, however, it is nearly impossible to have all bamboo element with nodes at the end of bamboo culms. Therefore in design of strength bamboo connection should be based on condition of end bamboo culms without nodes. In this research, analytical method considering two strength criterions is verified with result from experimental work. Results of research show that shear strength is the smallest strength among others. As bolt is used as connector in bamboo connections, shear strength commonly serves as critical criterion that determines the connection strength. This paper presents the result of study aiming at determination of minimum distance of bolt to the end of bamboo culms without node. Tests conducted by giving tensile force on the bolt with certain distance based on the analysis of shear strength and bearing strength of bamboo. The results showed that the critical distance of bolt to end of bamboo culms without node is 4-5 times the diameter of bamboo. Two main criterion of connection failure, namely shear and bearing failures are considered.

Impact of fire on Dendrocalamus strictus – a natural green composite building material

In the face of ever increasing demand for energy and the rapid denudation of the environment, composites based on natural materials provide potentially viable alternatives to high embodied energy building materials. Scientists and grassroots organizations are exploring naturally available woody materials to ensure adequate, affordable and appropriate structural components especially for construction needs. Bamboo is one such material that has a great potential, but its behaviour when subjected to fire remains unknown. In order for bamboo ( Dendrocalamus Strictus) to prove itself a viable option, bamboo constructions need to be dimensionally stable and strong enough against fire and biological detrimental agents. This paper presents research on the behaviour of bamboo in a fire and the consequent treatment methods to be adopted for its inclusion in structural components.

Bolted Bamboo Joints Reinforced with Fibers

Bamboo in Indonesia grows rapidly and is ready to be used after three to five years of planting. Bamboo has a pipe-like cross-section and excellent mechanical properties, especially tensile and compressive strength with a specific gravity varies from 0.55 to 0.75. Thus bamboo is now becoming an important sustainable construction material, especially in rural areas. One crucial issue in bamboo construction is the connection system where failure of the connection develops at low level of loading associated with bamboo splitting. In this study, seventeen single-bolted bamboo joints in total were prepared. Four joints are loaded in perpendicular loading direction, and the rest are loaded in parallel loading direction or overlap connections. These joints were a double-shear configuration of bamboo Wulung (Gigantochloa atroviolacea) connected by 12-mm bolts and were tested under a quasi-static load. Some of them were reinforced with natural fiber (Indonesian name, “ijuk”) and fiber reinforced plastic (FRP). The results showed that a significant increase of joint slip modulus and load carrying capacity was found in the joints reinforced with FRP. The wrapping effect caused by FRP sheets successfully postpones the bamboo splitting failure, while in the case of joints reinforced with natural fiber ijuk, this increase is negligible.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: On the seismic performance of bamboo structure

While the earthquake resistant building design and construction code has been developed in sophisticated national/city level, the implementation at the local level has been more of an exception than the rule. Other than concrete and steel, one such material that can be used in construction in the seismic zone area of the developing countries like India, especially in the northeast states, is bamboo, where bamboo is available in abundant. Bamboo’s light weight and relative flexibility make it a particularly attractive alternative for residential construction in seismic regions. Compared on a mass-per-volume basis to concrete, steel and wood, bamboo is second to concrete for strength, and ranks first for stiffness. As strong as mild steel with the compression strength of concrete, amazingly, one inch of bamboo can hold up to 7 1/2 tons of weight. This present study is an attempt to implement bamboo construction in Manipur which is regarded as one of the most seismically active regions worldwide. In this work, a bamboo housing system and a reinforced concrete frame structural system was modeled using finite element analysis program SAP, considering the model structures to be taken from the types of building that is built in Manipur. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the seismic performance of the structures and El-Centro Earthquake and Kobe Earthquake recorded excitation are used for input in the dynamic analysis on the models. The study has revealed that the bamboo structures are performing better in earthquake than the commonly built RC residential building. The behavior of the bamboo structure modeled in this present study gives an opportunity to accept bamboo as a construction material in seismic zone areas.

Studies on Bamboo Construction Eco-Building - Resolved the Cup Winners "Bamboo-Framed Lives"

Taking advantage of local abundant bamboo resources in the South of China, build green bamboo building. Full text does bamboo construction eco-resolution analysis from building materials, architectural surface, structured methods and modular assembly to create a "rain-home-bamboo" eco-living units, and ecological communities in virtuous circle.

Effect of Fiber Gradation on the Edge Bearing Strength of Bamboo Culms

Standardization, and thereby acceptance of any construction material requires years of testing and analysis. For structural bamboo, prototype model standards, in the form of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) documents on bamboo design, testing and construction are available. While these provide useful guidelines, an important and often overlooked consideration in developing test methods is that these must be usable and reliably repeatable in the environment in which they are most expected likely to be used. The present work investigates the potential for adopting the relatively simple-to-conduct edge bearing test as an indirect means of obtaining the critical, although otherwise difficult-to-obtain transverse material properties. Expanding previous studies on transverse material properties, the research explores the effect of through-culm-wall fiber gradation on the edge bearing, or diametric compression, strength of full-culm bamboo. The test method utilizes a full culm section cut into two or three concentric annular sections. Tests results for each ring provide a measure of through thickness transverse properties. The objective of this work is the development of practical test methods for field assessment of bamboo material properties.

The Regional Expression in Utilization of Material Construction: The Landscape Sketch Practice of the Modern Bamboo Structures in Meixi Lake Project

Based on the practice of the landscape sketch bamboo buildings of Meixi Lake in Changsha, this thesis, from the perspective of material construction, aims to perceive the region and bamboo structure, to concern the bamboo frame form and space construction, to try to integrate bamboo structure with other materials and to explore the formation of bamboo-framed building and the related regional expression. Excavating bamboo value, improving bamboo performance and developing bamboo structural building can satisfy requirements as the main part of construction and expression in architecture and promote the using level of GluBam. Technological innovation such as suitable construction skills and reasonable structural system can promote the effective utilizing bamboo and development of modern bamboo structure. It is a alternative green building system for sustainable development.

Traditional Bamboo Houses of North-Eastern Region: A Field Study of Assam & Mizoram

The lifestyle of the North-Eastern rural population demonstrates the example of sustainable living where bamboo plays a major role. Bamboo has its home in this tropical climatic region of India. In order to understand various aspects of Traditional bamboo constructions, a field visit was made to Assam & Mizoram. This paper studies the patterns affecting the housing styles of these regions, the traditional method of construction including bamboo treatments. Various parameters which are required to be considered for constructing a house are also studied. It has been found in the field survey that the utilization of bamboo is mostly in wall panels. Therefore, various patterns of wall panels being majorly used for house construction in this region are documented in this paper.

Pushover behaviour of bamboo portal frame structure

An experimental study of the pushover behaviour of a bamboo portal frame structure is reported. The objective of the study is to begin to establish an engineering basis for non- or marginally engineered bamboo construction appropriate for vernacular construction. The prototype frame used grouted bar column base connections and multiple single bolt culm to culm connections to affect the lateral resistance of the portal frame. The results of the pushover test revealed unanticipated column base behaviour. Therefore, a tangent study of the behaviour of single- and four-culm grouted bar column bases was performed. Through these experimental studies, the physical behaviour of the prototype structure was established. Finally, an analytical model, suitable for simple engineering environments is demonstrated and validated using the experimental results.

田峯観音野舞台の小屋掛け構法について 三河地域における伝統的竹造建築構法の研究 その２

A temporary theater has been constructed by the villagers for the New Year Rite of Damine Kannon Temple using bamboo and Hinoki logs since the end of Edo Period. This article surveys the building construction system and construction process. Bamboo construction easily sags down as time goes by although the theater roof must be maintained in a certain height. Estimating the sagging, the villagers has devised the suspending structure by balanced Hinoki logs. The theater is really instant building as it is easily built by a several hours and dismantled soon after the rite.

Consumption value and income potential of bamboo in the Philippines: evidence from selected areas and case studies

This paper provides an analysis of the value of bamboo used by households in selected areas in northern Philippines, as well as benefits from bamboo farms based on case studies. Household use of bamboo is for building rural houses and making farm implements while commercial use includes manufacture of furniture and handicraft, trading of bamboo products, and construction and repair of fish pens and cages. Results show higher utilization rates in areas where bamboo craft and markets are well developed. The use value of bamboo parks based on estimated travel cost of visitors is much higher than reported revenues generated from entrance fees. The case farms have very limited income potential due to poor marketing management.