Bamboo Charcoal Research Articles

Comparative Analysis of Graphitization Characteristics in Bamboo and Oak Charcoals for Secondary Battery Anodes

When compared to natural graphite, artificial graphite has advantages such a longer cycle life, faster charging rates, and better performance. However, the process of producing it, which frequently uses coal, raises questions about the impact on the environment and the depletion of resources. Eco-friendly, wood-based graphite must be developed in order to solve these problems. This study assessed and investigated the characteristics of charcoals derived from bamboo and oak which were utilized to produce graphite. After heating to 1500 °C at 10 K/min, 86.87 wt% of oak charcoal and 88.33 wt% of bamboo charcoal remained, indicating a yield of more than 85% when charcoal was graphitized. Depending on the species of wood, different-sized pores showed different shapes as the graphitization process advanced, as revealed by SEM surface analyses. The carbon atoms seen in the XRD crystal development changed into graphite crystals when heated to 2400 °C, and the isotropic peaks vanished. Bamboo charcoal has a higher degree of crystallinity than other wood-based charcoals, such as oak charcoal, which is made up of turbostratic graphite, according to Raman spectroscopic research. Lithium-ion batteries employ bamboo charcoal as their anode material. At this point, the values for soft carbon were determined to be 196 mAh/g and for hard carbon to be 168 mAh/g at a current density of 0.02 A/g.

Obtaining Highly Efficient Radon Adsorbents by Adjusting the Pore Structure of Bamboo Charcoal with Particle Size Fractionated Activation.

To achieve highly efficient adsorbents for radon (Rn), this study prepared bamboo activated carbon (BAC) using bamboo charcoal as the precursor and KOH and NaOH as activators and employed a method of activation by adjusting the pore structure through particle size fractionation. Under the same activation conditions, KOH was consumed less and showed better Rn adsorption performance than NaOH, and the solid milling method saved more activator dosage compared to the liquid immersion method. After carbonizing the bamboo, the highest Rn adsorption coefficients of the bamboo charcoal activated with particle size fractionation (0.43-0.85, 0.25-0.43, 0.18-0.25, and <0.18 mm) were 8.41 ± 0.05, 10.03 ± 0.24, 9.31 ± 0.01, and 8.15 ± 0.21 L/g, respectively under N2 conditions (at a temperature of 25 °C and humidity of 35%), which were significantly greater than those of bamboo charcoal with overall activation (7.05 ± 0.23 L/g). After optimization, all of the bamboo charcoals with different particle sizes had the highest volume ratio for pores with a diameter of 0.77 nm. BC0.43-0.85K1.25 and BC0.25-0.43K0.75 maintained 95.74 and 92.36%, respectively, of the original adsorption coefficient after 5 cycles of regeneration under nitrogen. As the bamboo charcoal particle size decreased, the optimal mass ratio of alkali/carbon also decreased. This indicates that particle-size-fractionated activation can reduce the raw material and activator waste. The optimized BAC has a significantly higher Rn adsorption coefficient than the currently used coconut shell activated carbon (4.13 ± 0.51 L/g), making it an efficient and economical adsorbent with excellent application value for radon removal.

Dietary bamboo charcoal powder ameliorates high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia by enhancing fecal lipid excretions in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Bamboo charcoal powder (BCP) is increasingly used as a food colorant. This study aims to evaluate the effects of BCP consumption on improving high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia. Fifty male SD rats were randomly assigned into five groups, with 10 rats in each group: the control group was fed a low-fat diet (LFD); the model control group was fed a high-fat diet (HFD); the low-BCP dose group was fed a HFD and given 2.81 g of BCP/kg of body weight (BCP-L) by gavage; the medium-BCP dose group was fed a HFD and given 5.62 g of BCP/kg of body weight (BCP-M) by gavage; the high-BCP dose group was fed a HFD and given 11.24 g of BCP/kg of body weight (BCP-H) by gavage. After 90 days, the consumption of BCP caused a decrease in body weight, plasma lipids (triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)), liver triglyceride, and cholesterol levels, and liver histopathological scores. BCP caused a significant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in liver tissues. BCP also led to an increase in 72-h fecal dry weight and crude fat in a rat metabolic cage. The analysis of fecal samples with liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS) showed that the biomarkers associated with BCP consumption were mainly related to fatty and amino acid metabolism. Notably, BCP treatment significantly promoted linoleic acid metabolism. These results suggest that BCP may have a preventive effect against diet-induced hyperlipidemia through the promotion of fecal fat excretion. BCP may potentially be used as an alternative functional food component for people with diet-induced hyperlipidemia.

Comparison of micron- and nano-sized zeolite NaY composited with bamboo charcoal and their application in CO2 adsorption

This is the first report on synthesizing nano-sized zeolite NaY dispersed on acid-refluxed bamboo wood. The nano-sized NaY on the composite was produced by increasing the alkalinity in the seed gel. The as-synthesized composite was carbonized to convert the wood to charcoal and tested in CO2 adsorption. The CO2 adsorption capacity of nano- and micron-sized NaY composites was 2.30 and 1.25 mmol/g-composite. Moreover, nano-sized NaY composite shows higher adsorption capacity per gram of zeolite than bared nano-sized NaY. The dispersion of nano-sized zeolite on carbonaceous substrates could be an efficient strategy for enhancing CO2 adsorption.

Preparation and performance study of sludge biomass bamboo charcoal

Abstract The purpose of this study is to explore a new low-cost and high-efficiency biochar adsorption material. The residual sludge as solid waste and fresh bamboo with fast growth and high yield were used as raw materials, modified by the KOH chemical activation method, and pyrolyzed in a tubular furnace with nitrogen atmosphere to obtain sludge biomass bamboo charcoal. In the performance test, the H2S gas adsorption experiment in a fixed bed reactor and the heavy metal adsorption experiment in soil were designed. Using different proportions of biochar, the preparation process of biochar was optimized by adjusting the raw material ratio and activation conditions. The results showed that when dealing with H2S gas, the appropriate amount of sludge can improve the adsorption effect, while the increase of bamboo component will reduce the adsorption rate. In the soil Cr(VI) restoration experiment, it was found that the best restoration effect was achieved after adding 10% biochar and applying it for 28 days, and the restoration rate reached 63.5%.

KOMPOSISI BERBAGAI KOMPOSISI BERBAGAI MEDIA TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN PORANG (Amorphophallus onchophyllus)

This study aims to find out the effect of the composition of various planting media on the growth of porang plants with the observed parameters consisting of bud growth time, the number of shoots, shoot height, and root volume. This study employed a Randomized Block Design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments given were P0 (without treatment), P1 (2,000 g of soil + 1,000 g of goat manure + 1,000 g of husk charcoal), P2 (2,000 g of soil + 1,000 g of goat manure + 1,000 g of banana midrib), and P3 (2,000 g of soil + 1,000 g of goat manure + 1,000 g bamboo leaf charcoal). This study was followed by extension activities which were evaluated at the beginning (the initial evaluation) and the end (the final evaluation). Results indicated that the use of various compositions of effective growing media had a significant effect on the outcomes. The planting media composition on P2 with 2,000 g of soil, 1,000 g of goat manure, and 1,000 g of banana midrib gave the best results for all parameters in which the average shoot growth time was 5 DAP, the average number of shoots was 5 and 6 shoots after 60 DAP, the average shoot height was 2.9 cm at 60 DAP, and the average root volume was 19.9 ml. Furthermore, the results of the evaluation of the extension activities carried out at the beginning and the end showed an increase in the knowledge, attitudes, and skills of farmers by 30.6%, 33.6%, and 33.6%, respectively, with the effectiveness reaching 56.14%, classified in the effective category

Biochar Addition to 3,5-Dichloroaniline Contaminated Soil Increases Its Adsorption Capacity and Persistence but Reduces Bioavailability to Chive (Allium ascalonicum)

ABSTRACT In this study, the effects of bamboo charcoal (BBC) and coconut shell charcoal (CSC) on the adsorption and degradation of 3,5-dichloroaniline (3,5-DCA) in soil were investigated by batch equilibrium and soil incubation experiments. The pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of BBC and CSC on the uptake and bioaccumulation of 3,5-DCA in chives (Allium ascalonicum). The adsorption capacity of CSC and BBC to 3,5-DCA depended on their specific surface area and total pore volume, and the adsorption mechanism was mainly physical. Two types of biochar delayed the degradation of 3, 5-DCA in the soil and were positively correlated with their dose. Biochar effectively alleviated the negative effects of 3,5-DCA on plant height and fresh weight of chive, with a decreasing order of CSC > BBC. Compared with the control, the accumulation of 3,5-DCA in chives decreased by 36.44% ~ 65.70% and 36.05% ~ 68.12%, respectively, with the addition of 0.1% ~ 1.0% BBC and CSC. These two types of biochar increased the adsorption capacity and persistence of 3,5-DCA in soil but alleviated biotoxicity and reduced accumulation in chive plants. CSC promises greater potential than BBC for remediation of 3,5-DCA contaminated soil.

Combined Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses of Maize Leaves Reveal Global Effect of Biochar on Mechanisms Involved in Anti-Herbivory to Spodoptera frugiperda.

Fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda) has now spread to more than 26 Chinese provinces. The government is working with farmers and researchers to find ways to prevent and control this pest. The use of biochar is one of the economic and environmentally friendly strategies to increase plant growth and improve pest resistance. We tested four v/v combinations of bamboo charcoal with coconut bran [BC1 (10:1), BC2(30:1), BC3(50:1)] against a control (CK) in maize. We found that plant height, stem thickness, fresh weight and chlorophyll content were significantly higher in BC2, in addition to the lowest FAW survival %. We then compared the metabolome and transcriptome profiles of BC2 and CK maize plants under FAW herbivory. Our results show that the levels of flavonoids, amino acids and derivatives, nucleotides and derivatives and most phenolic acids decreased, while terpenoids, organic acids, lipids and defense-related hormones increased in BC-grown maize leaves. Transcriptome sequencing revealed consistent expression profiles of genes enriched in these pathways. We also observed the increased expression of genes related to abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, auxin and MAPK signaling. Based on these observations, we discussed the possible pathways involved in maize against FAW herbivory. We conclude that bamboo charcoal induces anti-herbivory responses in maize leaves.

Microwave vacuum pyrolysis rapidly transforms bamboo into solid biofuel: Predicting fuel performances by response surface methodology

Microwave vacuum pyrolysis presents significant advantages in biochar refining and industrial upgrading. In this study, bamboo charcoal (BC) was produced rapidly by microwave vacuum pyrolysis, the microwave pyrolysis and conventional pyrolysis characteristics of bamboo were compared, and the potential of response surface methodology (RSM) to predict the fuel performances was investigated. The results indicated that microwave pyrolysis significantly reduced the heating time, and also effectively lowered the threshold of thermal decomposition reaction. Besides, as the microwave power and radiation time rose, the fixed carbon, ash, higher heating value, energy density, and fuel ratio of BCs increased, while the yield, H/C, O/C, volatile, and energy yield decreased. The quadratic models have high correlation coefficients for these characteristics, which can be used for the prediction of subsequent BCs production. When the microwave power was 1666 W and the radiation time was 13.3 min, the prepared BC exhibited the highest yield while maintaining a fixed carbon content of over 85 %. This research provided a green way for the transformation and upgrading of BCs industry, and also showed that the most cost-effective production strategy can be formulated through RSM.

Removal of Trace Cu2+ from Water by Thermo-Modified Micron Bamboo Charcoal and the Effects of Dosage

Chronic copper intoxication via drinking water induces diseases and physiological toxicity. Bamboo charcoal has been applied in the treatment of copper (Cu2+) in water. However, the adsorption by micron bamboo charcoal (MBC) of trace Cu2+ in tap drinking water and the underlying factors behind it have not been sufficiently reported. In this study, to improve the adsorption by MBC of trace levels of Cu2+ in drinking water, MBC was thermo-modified and characterized. Through batch experiments, the adsorption equilibrium was analyzed, and isotherm models were simulated. The removal rates and the optimization were investigated through a general full factorial design including the thermo-modified temperature (MT), initial concentration (C0), and dosage. The results indicated that the thermo-modification significantly improved the removal by MBC of Cu2+ at trace level C0. The satisfactorily low level of 0.12 ± 0.01 mg⋅L−1 was achieved in the range of C0 from 0.5 to 2.0 mg⋅L−1 within the short contact time of 0.5 h. The processes conformed to the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isothermal models at a C0 lower than 4.0 mg⋅L−1 and higher than 8.0 mg⋅L−1. The correlation between C0 and dosage played an important role in the removal of Cu2+. This work proposes the application of the ecofriendly material MBC and an optimization mode in the removal of trace Cu2+ from tap drinking water. It is also revealed that the positive and negative correlation and the “critical point” of the removal rate with dosage depend on the initial concentrations.

Dynamic intercalation of methylene blue in BC-MgFe-HT composite: Unveiling adsorption mechanisms for efficient wastewater treatment

Developing efficient and eco-friendly adsorbents for removing dye from wastewater presents a significant challenge. In this study, by combining MgFe-hydrotalcite (MgFe-HT) with bamboo charcoal (BC) we report the synthesis of a composite material named BC-MgFe-HT to achieve rapid and effective adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye. The novelty of our work lies in the distinctive intercalation arrangement of the MB dye post-adsorption within the BC-MgFe-HT layers, which was quantitatively measured and found to be at an intercalation angle of approximately 44.26° rather than the conventional vertical positioning. This unique phenomenon indicates a dynamic rearrangement of the composite structure upon MB adsorption, significantly enhancing its adsorption capacity and efficiency. Comprehensive characterization of the BC-MgFe-HT composite was performed using the following techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The adsorption studies demonstrated a maximum adsorption capacity of 194.09 mg/g within 20 min, attributed to the composite's high surface area, porous architecture, and dye intercalation capacity. Kinetic studies revealed that the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetics model best describes the adsorption process, while the Langmuir isotherm model provided the most accurate fit for the adsorption equilibrium data. These findings offer novel insights into the adsorption mechanisms of MB onto the BC-MgFe-HT composite, highlighting its potential for the design and optimization of composite materials for effective wastewater remediation.

Dielectric barrier discharge low-temperature plasma modification of bamboo charcoal for supercapacitor applications

Biochar is commonly utilized as an electrode material in supercapacitors. However, the conventional carbonization process often results in macromolecular compounds, which obstruct the porous structure of carbon materials, thereby reducing their capacitance. Dielectric barrier discharge low-temperature plasma (DLTP) is a technology that transforms gases into highly excited states, utilizing high-energy particles for enhanced energy applications. This study investigated the effects of DLTP on the electrochemical performance of bamboo charcoal (BC), utilizing bamboo shavings (BS) as the carbon source. The results indicated that the specific capacitance of BC varied under different atmospheric conditions, input voltages, and treatment durations, thereby achieving a maximum increase of 144 F/g. Furthermore, when combined with KOH activation, DLTP modification further enhanced the specific capacitance of BC to 237 F/g. The DLTP treatment enhanced the specific surface area and the types of functional groups in BC, thereby leading to a significant enhancement of its electrochemical properties.

Granular Activated Bamboo Charcoal and Silica Gel as Water Treatment Against Microbial Contaminants: A Comparative Analysis

The growing demand for clean and safe water necessitates the investigation of innovative materials that can be utilized in water treatment applications. In this regard, a simple and cost-effective water treatment method was developed to address the water supply problem in rural areas. This study provided knowledge and conducted a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of two main methods for treating microbial contaminants in lake water: granular activated charcoal and silica gel. Furthermore, the experiment was subjected to before and after the application of activated carbon and silica gel. The pre-testing was conducted to identify the initial quantity of microbial contaminants. The preparation methods for bamboo into charcoal are initiated with the following steps: cutting, drying, loading, and sealing the drum kiln, heating, carbonization, cooling, and removing charcoal. Afterward, the bamboo charcoal underwent a chemical process to create activation using potassium hydroxide to generate a large surface area and enhance the adsorption capability. The two treatments were added to the lake water sample via filtration. Moreover, the post-testing involves performing serial dilution and microbial counts to determine the difference between before and after the contaminant's growth. Based on the results, the granular activated carbon is more effective than the silica gel because of its greater adsorption capacity resulting from its extensive pore spaces. This research study contributes significantly to researchers in the field and further advancements in utilizing granular activated carbon and silica gel to ensure clean and sustainable resources.

Bamboo charcoal application altered the mineralization process of soil organic carbon in different succession stages of karst forest land

Introduction: As a soil amendment, Bamboo charcoal helps to contributes to the improvement of soil carbon sequestration, but its effect on the accumulation and transformation of different soil organic carbon in soil of karst forests is not clear.Methods: The research focused on three distinct forest land succession stages: virgin forest, secondary forest, and planted forest. A 60-day indoor constant temperature culture experiment was conducted, applying bamboo charcoal to the soil of the three forest lands at four different addition ratios: 0%, 1.0%, 2.0%, and 4.0%. The analysis aimed to study the characteristics of SOC mineralization, different carbon fractions of organic carbon, and soil enzyme activity.Results: The findings revealed that bamboo charcoal application led to an increase in the organic carbon (SOC) content within the three forest soils. Moreover, the organic carbon content showed an increase corresponding to the increased proportion of bamboo charcoal, with the highest SOC content observed in the planted forest land with 4.0% bamboo charcoal. The overall performance of the C0/SOC value in the three forest soils was ranked as follows: planted forest &amp;lt; secondary forest &amp;lt; virgin forest (C0: the mineralization potential of soil organic carbon). In both planted and secondary forest soils, the C0/SOC value increased after the application of bamboo charcoal. However, in the virgin forest soil, the application of 1.0% and 4.0% bamboo charcoal reduced the C0/SOC value, while the application of 2.0% bamboo charcoal increased the C0/SOC value. Particularly the C0/SOC value of the planted forest soil without bamboo charcoal was the smallest at 0.047, whereas that in the virgin forest soil with 2.0% bamboo charcoal had the largest value at 0.161.Discussion: Herein, appropriate human intervention can enhance the carbon sequestration potential of forest soil, in different succession stages within the karst area. However, the external application of bamboo charcoal does not significantly improve the carbon sequestration potential in the planted and secondary forest. Notably, applying a higher proportion (4.0%) of bamboo charcoal can enhance the organic carbon sequestration potential, particularly in the virgin forest soil, representing the climax community of forest succession.

Optimization of H2O2 Production in Biological Systems for Design of Bio-Fenton Reactors.

The treatment of antibiotic wastewater, which is known for its micro-toxicity, inhibition, and poor biochemistry, poses significant challenges, including complex processes, high energy demands, and secondary pollution. Bio-Fenton, a novel Fenton technology, enables the in situ production of H2O2 at near-neutral pH, having low energy requirements and sustainable properties, and reduces the hazards of H2O2 transportation and storage. We preliminary self-designed a heterogeneous Bio-Fenton reactor. An aerobic SBBR system with pure algae, pure bacteria, and bacteria-algae symbiosis was first constructed to investigate the optimal process conditions through the effects of carbon source concentration, light duration, bamboo charcoal filling rate, and dissolved oxygen (DO) content on the H2O2 production and COD removal. Second, the reactor was constructed by adding iron-carrying catalysts to remove ROX and SDZ wastewater. The results demonstrated that the optimal operating parameters of aerobic SBBR were an influent carbon source concentration of 500 mg/L, a water temperature of 20 ± 2 °C, pH = 7.5, a dissolved oxygen content of 5 mg/L, a light-dark ratio of 12 h:12 h, a light intensity of 2500 Lux, an HRT of 10 h, and a bamboo charcoal filling rate of 33%. Given these conditions, the bacterial-algal system was comprehensively found to be the most suitable biosystem for this experiment. Ultimately, the dynamically coupled Bio-Fenton process succeeded in the preliminary removal of 41.32% and 42.22% of the ROX and SDZ from wastewater, respectively.

Clean production of laminated bamboo timber and efficient utilization of bamboo

ABSTRACT To reduce the environmental impact, the environmental impact of the Laminated bamboo timber (LBT) line has been assessed using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), and the environmental impacts of four scenarios has been compared in this article. The environmental impact can be effectively reduced if the bamboo residues is burned instead of lignite to provide steam for the LBT production line. Global warming potential (GWP-100) can be reduced by 21.81%, acidification potential (AP) by 51.73% and eutrophication potential (EP) by 57.18%. In addition, the utilization rate of bamboo can be increased by 29.07% and the economic benefit can be increased by 34.73%. When the bamboo shavings from the bamboo strip rough processing stage are used to produce bamboo barbecue charcoal (BBC), the GWP-100 of the LBT line is reduced by 17.49%. And the utilization rate of bamboo can be further increased by 30.90% and the economic benefit can be further increased by 12.47%. When the GWP-100 of the BBC production is added to the GWP-100 of the LBT production line, there is a slight increase of 5.06% in the total GWP-100. However, it doesn’t make much difference whether the bamboo strip roughing workshop is located next to the LBT production line.

Effect of Bamboo Charcoal with Earthworms on the Form and Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Steel Sludge

Effect of Bamboo Charcoal with Earthworms on the Form and Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Steel Sludge

Preparation of Pt and bamboo charcoal co-modified TiO2 for formaldehyde sensing at room temperature.

Anatase TiO2 has evolved into one of the most attractive materials for gas sensing owing to its strong oxidation activity and excellent sensing properties. In this study, we prepared Pt and bamboo charcoal co-modified nano-TiO2 using a one-pot hydrothermal process and applied it to detect formaldehyde. The successful incorporation of the precious metal Pt and bamboo charcoal onto TiO2 was confirmed by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Detailed analysis revealed a homogeneous distribution of Pt nanoparticles and bamboo charcoal on the TiO2 surface, which significantly improved the surface area and facilitated gas adsorption. These modifiers significantly enhanced the response of TiO2 to formaldehyde, for instance, the response signal increased fourfold, while the response time decreased from 91 to 68 s. The sample with 0.5@Pt and 0.5@C bamboo charcoal performed the best, showcasing the synergistic effect of metal nanoparticles and carbonaceous materials on gas-sensing properties. Our work highlighted the potential of using biomass-derived carbon to enhance the detection of formaldehyde and demonstrated the importance of material characteristics in designing effective gas sensors.

Exploring the Role of Bamboo Charcoal Powder as Filler in Rubber Vulcanisates

Exploring the Role of Bamboo Charcoal Powder as Filler in Rubber Vulcanisates

Investigating the use of bamboo charcoal to reduce carbon emissions in geopolymer mortar

This study explored the development of carbon-sequestering building materials by integrating bamboo charcoal into geopolymer mortar (GPM). GPM containing bamboo charcoal was prepared and assessed for their flowability, mechanical properties, drying shrinkage, fine pore structure, and carbon emissions. The findings suggest that while bamboo charcoal diminishes the flowability of GPM, utilizing bamboo charcoal with appropriate particle sizes can yield satisfactory flowability. The particle size and shape of the bamboo charcoal also significantly affect the mechanical properties and drying shrinkage of GPM. Using bamboo charcoal T1 (1 mm) and T#25–80 (0.18–0.71 mm) as fine aggregates resulted in higher strength and lower drying shrinkage rates. The spherical 2 K (1 mm) as fine aggregate improved the compressive strength and inhibited the drying shrinkage of GPM. The incorporation of bamboo charcoal increased the content of pores larger than 2μm in GPM, thereby reducing its compressive strength. Among all sizes of bamboo charcoal, the mid-range particle sizes of T1 and T#25–80 had the minimal impact on the volume of pores larger than 2μm and are most suitable for use as fine aggregates. The use of bamboo charcoal significantly reduced the carbon emissions of GPM. With a 12% incorporation of bamboo charcoal, the carbon emissions of GPM were reduced by 81% compared to cement mortar, and it is predicted that GPM can achieve carbon neutrality when the incorporation rate of bamboo charcoal reaches 20%.