Bamboo Charcoal Research Articles

The Application of Biochar for CO2 Capture: Influence of Biochar Preparation and CO2 Capture Reactors.

This work investigates three types of biochar (bamboo charcoal, wood pellet, and coconut shell) for postcombustion carbon capture. Each biochar is structurally modified through physical (H2O, CO2) and chemical (ZnCl2, KOH, H3PO4) activation to improve carbon capture performance. Three methods (CO2 adsorption isotherms, CO2 fixed-bed adsorption, and thermogravimetric analysis) are used to determine the CO2 adsorption capacity. The results show that a more than 2.35 mmol·g-1 (1 bar, 298 K) CO2 capture capacity was achieved using the activated biochar samples. It is also demonstrated that the CO2 capture performance by biochar depends on multiple surface and textural properties. A high surface area and pore volume of biochar resulted in an enhanced CO2 capture capacity. Furthermore, the O*/C ratio and pore width show a negative correlation with the CO2 capture capacity of biochars.

Effects of the Addition of Bamboo Charcoal on the Water Purification Ability of Micro-organism-Supported Crystallization Type Phosphorus Removal Materials

In order to prevent water pollution in closed waters such as inner bays and lakes, it is essential to establish a method to remove phosphorus and organic substances which cause water pollution. We have tried to give organic substances removal ability to a crystallization type phosphorus remover composed of gypsum and CaCO3 by supporting useful microorganisms on the surface of the remover. In this study, the effects of loading micro-organisms derived from activated sludge on the water purification ability of the phosphorus remover were investigated. In addition, the effects of adding bamboo charcoal as a carbon source to the phosphorus remover on the adherence of microorganisms and the organic matter removal capacity were examined. The phosphorus removal material was obtained by mixing gypsum, CaCO3 and bamboo charcoal in specified volume proportions. Microorganisms were loaded on the specimens by immersing them in activated sludge for 5 days. The microorganisms supported samples by immersing in activated sludge showed higher organic matter removal capacity than the non-microbial-supported sample. Furthermore, the bamboo charcoal-added samples were able to remove organic matter in a short time than the samples without bamboo charcoal. The phosphorus removal ratio of the sample after immersing in activated sludge was almost the same as that before immersion, but when the amount of bamboo charcoal added was excessive, the phosphorus removal ratio decreased drastically. This decrease in phosphorus removal ratio would be attributed to a decrease in the content of CaCO3, which acts as a crystallization site for calcium phosphate, and to the coating of CaCO3 exposed on the surface of the phosphorus remover by the adherence of a large amount of microorganisms due to the excessive addition of bamboo charcoal.

CHARACTERISTIC PHYSICOCHEMICAL OF BAMBOO-BASED ACTIVATED CARBON FOR COAL RUN-OFF WATER TREATMENT USED AT PT.BUKIT ASAM SLUDGE SETTLEMENT POND

The aim of this research were investigated bamboo-based activated charcoal (ABT)characteristics using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). ABT has been successfully synthesized through physico-chemical activation at 700°C with H3PO4 10% solution as activator. The resulted were porous surface structure of bamboo charcoal causes an absorption interaction of pollutants (cations, anions, and suspended solids/TSS) in wastewater. Bamboo charcoal has different physical characteristics from charcoal from other types of raw materials because the structure with lignin composition is different from charcoal from other wood. The spectral patterns of AB and ABT are similar but differ in intensity. The functional groups detected in the two materials are the same, but there are differences in the absorption intensity where the ABT is relatively lower, especially in the hydroxyl functional groups at around 3400 and 1600 cm-1. This decrease in intensity is due to the dehydration process that occurs during both physical and chemical activation processes so that the hydroxyl groups come out of the bamboo charcoal structure

In-situ confined construction of N-doped compact bamboo charcoal composites for supercapacitors

In-situ confined construction of N-doped compact bamboo charcoal composites for supercapacitors

Application of Synthesized Biomass Bamboo Charcoal–Iron Oxide “BC/Fe” Nanocomposite Adsorbents in the Removal of Cationic Methylene Blue Dye Contaminants from Wastewater by Adsorption

In this work, synthesized, raw-bamboo-biomass-based magnetic “BC/Fe” bamboo charcoal–iron oxide nanocomposite adsorbents were characterized and tested for their effects on the removal of aqueous-phase cationic methylene blue (MB) dye pollutants from synthetic wastewater through a laboratory batch adsorption study. This batch adsorption study aimed to identify various physico-chemical process parameters such as initial dye concentration, solution pH, adsorbent dose, temperature, and their effects on the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm characteristics. From the kinetic studies, it was found that the amount of MB dye adsorption by synthesized adsorbents qe (mg/g) increased from 9.50 mg/g to 15.30 mg/g with the increase in the initial dye concentration range of 10 to 30 ppm, as per contact time, but decreased with the increase in the temperature range from 30 to 60 °C and the adsorbent doses from 20 to 40 mg, respectively, under specified experimental process conditions. From the kinetic study, it was also found that equilibrium was reached within 120 min, the adsorption kinetics followed three mechanistic steps, and the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model was applicable to explain the data of the batch adsorption kinetics. The various kinetic model parameters were determined from a fitted model equation. Furthermore, there was an increase in the amount of the MB dye adsorption qe (mg/g) from 9.87 mg/g to 17.62 mg/g with the increase in the solution pH from 3 to 7, and a reduction in the amount of dye adsorption qe (mg/g) was found at the solution pH of 10 for a 20 ppm MB dye solution at 30 °C. Both the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models were applicable to the equilibrium data, and the maximum adsorption capacity from the Langmuir isotherm fitting was 111.11 mg/g, which was comparative to or even better than many other magnetic adsorbents for methylene blue dye adsorption. Finally, the regeneration and reusability of the magnetic “BC/Fe” bamboo charcoal–iron oxide nanocomposite materials as well as the limitations of these batch adsorption studies are also discussed here.

Green synthesis, formation mechanism and oxidation of Ti3SiC2 powder from bamboo charcoal, Ti and Si

Using low-cost and highly reactive bamboo charcoal, Ti and Si elemental powders as starting materials, Ti3SiC2 powder was synthesized via a simple and cost-efficient pressureless sintering technique in argon atmosphere. The influences of synthesis temperature, holding time and Si content on the Ti3SiC2 content of the synthesized products were investigated, and the analysis indicated that the relative content of Ti3SiC2 reached 98.9 wt% with a molar ratio of 3Ti/1.2Si/2.2C at 1400 °C for 1.5 h. The Ti3SiC2 with good crystallinity and homogeneous nanolayered structure was synthesized at lower temperatures due to the high reactivity and high specific surface area of bamboo charcoal. The non-isothermal oxidation behavior showed that Ti3SiC2 powder was stable in air below 540 °C. With the temperature increasing up to 1300 °C, continuous and dense TiO2 and SiO2 oxidation layers were formed on the surface of Ti3SiC2 particles, which conferred good oxidation resistance to Ti3SiC2 powder.

High-performance anode electrocatalyst of MnCo2S4-Co4S3/ bamboo charcoal for stimulating power generation in microbial fuel cell

ABSTRACT Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a promising technology for recovering energy in wastewater through bacterial metabolism. However, it always suffers from low power density and electron transfer efficiency, restricting the application. This study fabricated the MnCo2S4-Co4S3/bamboo charcoal (MCS-CS/BC) through an easy one-step hydrothermal method, and the material was applied to carbon felt (CF) to form high-performance MFC anode. MCS-CS/BC-CF anode exhibited lower Rct (10.1 Ω) than BC-CF (17.24 Ω) and CF anode (116.1 Ω), exhibiting higher electrochemical activity. MCS-CS/BC-CF anode promoted the electron transfer rate and resulted in enhanced power density, which was 9.27 times higher (980 mW m-2) than the bare CF (105.7 mW m-2). MCS-CS/BC-CF anode showed the best biocompatibility which attracted distinctly larger biomass (146.27 mg/μL) than CF (20 mg/μL) and BC-CF anode (20.1 mg/μL). The typical exoelectrogens (Geobacter and etc.) took dramatically higher proportion on MCS-CS/BC-CF anode (59.78 %) than CF (2.99 %) and BC-CF anode (26.67 %). In addition, MCS-CS/BC stimulated the synergistic effect between exoelectrogens and fermentative bacteria, greatly favoring the extracellular electron transfer rate between bacteria and the anode and the power output. This study presented an efficient way of high-performance anode electrocatalyst fabrication for stimulating MFC power generation, giving suggestions for high-efficient energy recovery from wastewater.

Charcoal properties of Malaysian bamboo charcoal carbonized at 750 °C

The carbonization of five Malaysian bamboo species, namely Bambusa vulgaris, Dendrocalamus asper, Gigantochloa hasskarliana, Gigantochloa levis, and Schizostachyum brachycladum, was conducted to investigate the charcoal properties and compare the quality of bamboo charcoal produced based on proximate analysis. Carbonization at 750 °C using a modified Iwasaki steel drum kiln was successful for all bamboo species. Bamboo morphological features varied and basic density increased with culm height. A charcoal yield of more than 30% was recorded in all bamboo species except for B. vulgaris and D. asper. Charcoals made from D. asper and G. hasskarliana could serve as the alternative raw material for charcoal production in charcoal industries due to their low moisture, low volatile matter, low ash, and high fixed carbon content. All species had a mean gross calorific value between 24.4 and 29.2 MJ/kg. Among different culm sections, the bottom section produced the best quality charcoal. The charcoal quality from all species was of acceptable quality for domestic use.

Comparative Studies on Electrodes for Rumen Bacteria Microbial Fuel Cells.

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) using rumen bacteria have been proposed as a power source for running devices inside cattle. In this study, we explored the key parameters of the conventional bamboo charcoal electrode in an attempt to improve the amount of electrical power generated by the microbial fuel cell. We evaluated the effects of the electrode's surface area, thickness, and rumen content on power generation and determined that only the electrode's surface area affects power generation levels. Furthermore, our observations and bacterial count on the electrode revealed that rumen bacteria concentrated on the surface of the bamboo charcoal electrode and did not penetrate the interior, explaining why only the electrode's surface area affected power generation levels. A Copper (Cu) plate and Cu paper electrodes were also used to evaluate the effect of different electrodes on measuring the rumen bacteria MFC's power potential, which had a temporarily higher maximum power point (MPP) compared to the bamboo charcoal electrode. However, the open circuit voltage and MPP decreased significantly over time due to the corrosion of the Cu electrodes. The MPP for the Cu plate electrode was 775 mW/m2 and the MPP for the Cu paper electrode was 1240 mW/m2, while the MPP for bamboo charcoal electrodes was only 18.7 mW/m2. In the future, rumen bacteria MFCs are expected to be used as the power supply of rumen sensors.

Effects of Lignocellulose Contents in Bamboo Charcoal on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polybenzoxazine-based Friction Materials

The objective of this research is to study mechanical and thermal properties of polybenzoxazine-based friction materials (PFMs) filled with 10 wt% bamboo charcoal particles (BC) containing residual lignocellulose content of 0-10wt% (BC0-10%), 10-20wt% (BC10-20%) and 20-30wt% (BC20-30%). The PFMs filled with synthetic graphite particles was also prepared to compare the properties. The obtained results showed that the mechanical properties, i.e., flexural strength and flexural modulus of the PFMs were improved with an increase of the residual lignocellulose content, and tended to be higher than that of the PFMs filled with synthetic graphite particles. Thermal stability monitored by the degradation temperature at 5% weight loss (Td5) of the PFMs revealed a decrease with an increasing residual lignocellulose content in BC. However, the Td5 of the PFMs filled with BC is still higher than the generated heat during the braking, which has temperatures around 350 °C. The results suggested that the obtained composite material is a promising candidate for car brake pads.

Effect of Bamboo Charcoal on pH and Hardware in Dailed Well Water

The problem that is often encountered in clean water is that the quality of the water, both groundwater and river water used by the community, does not meet the requirements of healthy clean water. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of activated charcoal from bamboo on pH and decrease the hardness level of dug well water in the village of Lampoh Keude, Aceh Besar. This study used a Quasi-experimental method, water obtained from residents' wells was processed using the filtration and adsorption method, the filtration media was made using media with a volume of 20 liters which had been modified using sand with a thickness of 10 cm, 10 cm of palm fiber, and 10 gravel cm. The highest pH increase test results occurred in TH III AB media where the resulting pH was 7.7 ± 0.01 compared to 4.5 before processing. The same thing also happened to a decrease in the hardness level of residents' well water, where the thickness of the charcoal and the length of contact time greatly affected the test results, from the results of the 3 existing media tests, the best results were obtained by TH III AB media with a contact time of 30 minutes where the level The hardness obtained was 279 ± 3.46 mg/L or a decrease of 47.1% from the initial hardness level of well waste. There is an increase in the pH value of well water after processing, and that the use of bamboo charcoal can also reduce the hardness level of well water

Fixation Effect of Modified Bamboo Charcoal on Typical Heavy Metals in Sediment

In this study, we studied the influence of the dosage of modified bamboo charcoal (KAM-500-400-3) on the fixation effect of single Cu(II)-contaminated and mixed Cu(II)–Cd(II)-contaminated sediment. The results showed that it could effectively fix the heavy metals in both sediment types. In the single Cu(II)-contaminated sediment, when the amount of added KAM500-400-3 was greater than or equal to 5%, the Cu(II) content in the overlying and pore water was substantially reduced, and the form of heavy metal Cu(II) in the sediment changed from the acid-extractable state to a relatively stable, reducible, oxidizable, and residual state, its bioavailability markedly reduced, and the toxic leaching amount of heavy metal TCLP in the sediment also gradually reduced. In the sediment polluted by Cu(II)–Cd(II), the Cu(II) and Cd(II) could not be detected in the overlying or pore water when the addition amount was greater than or equal to 2.5%. The contents of Cu(II) and Cd(II) in the acid-extractable state considerably decreased and they transformed into other forms with low bioavailability, in which the content of Cd(II) in the oxidizable state was so low that it was lower than the detection limit. The TCLP toxicity of the leached amount of Cd(II) also gradually decreased. This showed that adding KAM500-400-3 to sediment helps with inhibiting the release of heavy metals from contaminated sediment into water bodies, so KAM500-400-3 is a material that can effectively adsorb and fix heavy metals Cu(II) and Cd(II) in sediment.

Synthesis and Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties of Micro Composites Reduced Graphene Oxide/Ferrite Based Dendrocalamus Asper Charcoal and Natural Ferrite

Keywords: bamboo, micro composite, natural ferrite, reduced graphene oxideAbstract. Reduced graphene oxide/ferrite (rGO/Fe3O4) micro composites as radar absorber materials have been successfully synthesized from Petung bamboo (Dendrocalamus Asper) and iron sand using a mechanical mixing method. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as dielectric material was synthesized from Petung bamboo charcoal using the carbonization method, and Fe3O4 as magnetic material was synthesized from iron sand using the extraction-milling method. The as-prepared samples rGO/Fe3O4 (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1, 3:1 wt%) was made by dry mixing and mechanically pressed. Magnetics and morphology of samples were characterized by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Microwave absorption was measured using a vector network analyzer (VNA) at 8 – 12 GHz. The results of measurement by using VNA showed that at the micro-scale, rGO had a higher absorption power with maximum reflection loss (RLm) value of -12.98 dB at matching frequency (fm) 10.15 GHz compared with Fe3O4 (RLm value of -4.25 dB at fm 10.42 GHz) at a thickness of 2 mm. The rGO/Fe3O4 (3:1 wt.%) microcomposites radar wave absorber shows the best absorption with maximum reflection loss (RLm) value of −14.30 dB at matching frequency (fm) 10.15 GHz at a thickness of 2 mm. Natural materials and the controlled rGO/Fe3O4 microcomposites structure with simple synthesis methods shows the great potential application in high performance microwave absorbing materials.

Gasification Behavior of Phosphorus during Biomass Sintering of High-phosphorus Iron Ore

Developing the innovative technology for efficient utilization of high-phosphate iron ore was the inevitable choice of resource strategy. In this paper, exploring a new method of gasification removal of phosphorus by iron ore sintering technology based on biomass. Combined with theoretical analysis and experimental research, the effects of different conditions (biochar type, addition proportion, basicity) on the reduction and gasification behavior of phosphorus were studied. The results showed that the addition of biochar instead of part of the coke powder could promote the reduction of apatite and increase the dephosphorization rate compared with the full coke breeze. Among different types of biochar fuels (fruit shell charcoal, straw charcoal, bamboo charcoal), bamboo carbon had the greatest effect on the dephosphorization rate. The optimal reduction temperature was 1100°C, substitution proportion of bamboo charcoal was 20% and basicity was 0.5 for the phosphorus gasification and removal, and the corresponding dephosphorization rate was 28.77%. Selective reduction of iron and phosphorus existed in the reduction process, iron oxide took precedence over the reduction of apatite, and part of phosphorus gas entered the metal iron to form iron phosphide, resulting in the decrease of dephosphorization rate.

Activated bamboo charcoal and açaí waste to remove contaminants – a review

Activated charcoal is a product based on bio-based materials and residues with specific porosity to act as a filtering compound, both to remove color and impurities of liquids. They are produced from physical and/or chemical process, after carbonization, through the activation of molecules. The present paper aims to identify the current perspectives and characteristics of activated charcoals and, sequentially, compare the potential of bamboo and açaí plants to treat contaminants in water. Thus, different positive characteristics were identified for both bio-based resources. Bamboo and açaí can be economically and technically viable materials to be converted into activated charcoal as a way to mitigate the environmental impacts on the water.

Improving the Deodorizing Ability of Cotton Fabric by Printing with Bamboo Charcoal

ABSTRACT Due to its relatively large specific surface area and microporous structure, bamboo charcoal is widely employed in a variety of industries, including the textile sector. In this investigation, bamboo charcoal powder was formulated as a natural colorant in the pigment print paste and then applied to cotton fabric by screen printing. Colorimetric values were assessed and color fastness to washing, light, and crocking as well as mechanical properties was performed according to related standards. By varying the amount of bamboo charcoal, the printed fabric had a light to dark gray color with good to excellent wash, light, and crock fastness. The combination of binder and fixing agent in the print paste increased fabric tensile strength, elongation, tear strength, and more pronounced stiffness. Besides, the bamboo charcoal printed cotton exhibited a deodorizing rate of 80.3–87.8% against ammonia gas after 40 min and was maintained at 54.8–73.1% after 10 washing cycles.

Impacts of dietary supplementation of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microflora of large-scale loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus.

Although accumulating data demonstrate that dietary supplementation of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder (BVC) can significantly strengthen the immunity and boost the growth of domestic animals, its application potency still awaits verification in commercial fish species such as the large-scale loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus. The impacts of 90-day dietary supplementation of 1% and 2% BVC on survival and growth performance of the loach, and on the intestinal morphological characteristics and gut microflora were analyzed. Our data show that the large-scale loach supplied with BVC at the experimental doses had significant higher survival rates and better growth performance (indicated by greater weight gain (1.13-1.14 times), higher specific growth rate (1.04 times), and lower feed conversion ratio (0.88-0.89 times)) compared to that of the control (P<0.05). Histological examination revealed significant longer villus (3.22-5.54 times), deeper crypt (1.77-1.87 times), and thicker muscle (1.59-3.17 times) in the intestines of large-scale loach fed with BVC (P<0.05). Furthermore, we found that the gut microflora consisted of significantly fewer proportions of potential pathogenic bacterial species (Aeromonas veronii and Escherichia coli), but significantly greater proportions of beneficial microbes (Lactococus raffinolactis and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii). Therefore, dietary intake of BVC can promote intestinal tract development and optimize gut microflora, by which the survival and growth of large-scale loach may be improved.

Bamboo for producing charcoal and biochar for versatile applications.

Bamboo, the fastest-growing plant, has several unique characteristics that make it appropriate for diverse applications. It is low-cost, high-tensile, lightweight, flexible, durable, and capable of proliferating even in ineffectual areas (e.g., incline). This review discusses the unique properties of bamboo for making charcoal and biochar for diverse applications. To produce bamboo charcoal and biochar, this study reports on the pyrolysis process for the thermal degradation of organic materials in an oxygen-depleted atmosphere under a specific temperature. This is an alternative method for turning waste biomass into products with additional value, such as biochar. Due to various advantages, bamboo charcoal is preferred over regular charcoal as it has four times the absorption rate and ten times more surface area reported. According to the reports, the charcoal yield ranges from 24.60 to 74.27%. Bamboo chopsticks were the most useful source for producing charcoal, with a high yield of 74.27% at 300 °C in nitrogen, but the thorny bamboo species have a tremendous amount of minimal charcoal, i.e., 24.60%. The reported biochar from bamboo yield ranges from 32 to 80%. The most extensive biochar production is produced by the bamboo D. giganteus, which yields 80% biochar at 300 °C. Dry bamboo stalks at 400 °C produced 32% biochar. One of the sections highlights biochar as a sustainable solution for plastic trash management produced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Another section is dedicated to the knowledge enhancement about the broad application spectrum of the charcoal and biochar. The last section highlights the conclusions, future perspectives, and recommendations on the charcoal and biochar derived from bamboo.

Modified Bamboo Charcoal as a Bifunctional Material for Methylene Blue Removal.

Biomass-derived raw bamboo charcoal (BC), NaOH-impregnated bamboo charcoal (BC-I), and magnetic bamboo charcoal (BC-IM) were fabricated and used as bio-adsorbents and Fenton-like catalysts for methylene blue removal. Compared to the raw biochar, a simple NaOH impregnation process significantly optimized the crystal structure, pore size distribution, and surface functional groups and increase the specific surface area from 1.4 to 63.0 m2/g. Further magnetization of the BC-I sample not only enhanced the surface area to 84.7 m2/g, but also improved the recycling convenience due to the superparamagnetism. The maximum adsorption capacity of BC, BC-I, and BC-IM for methylene blue at 328 K was 135.13, 220.26 and 497.51 mg/g, respectively. The pseudo-first-order rate constants k at 308 K for BC, BC-I, and BC-IM catalytic degradation in the presence of H2O2 were 0.198, 0.351, and 1.542 h-1, respectively. A synergistic mechanism between adsorption and radical processes was proposed.

Bamboo charcoal mediated plant secondary metabolites biosynthesis in tomato against South American tomato pinworm (Tuta absoluta)

IntroductionThe south American tomato pinworm (Tuta absoluta), an invasive insect pest species, has established itself in more than 33 Chinese prefectures, where it is mainly damaging tomato crops. Immediate efforts have been initiated to find strategies to control this pest. Studies have shown that biochar (BC) amendment to soil can enhance plant growth and resistance to herbivory.MethodsFirst, we quantified the morphological performance of tomato plants grown in different coconut bran and bamboo charcoal (v/v) combinations and selected the most beneficial one. Then we checked the T. absoluta survival on the tomato plants grown in the selected bamboo charcoal combination. Finally, we studied the leaf metabolite accumulation and gene expression changes in tomato plants after growing in the selected bamboo charcoal combination.ResultsWe found that the 30:1 ratio of bamboo charcoal and coconut bran is the most beneficial to tomato growth as its amendment to soil increased tomato plant height, stem thickness, and chlorophyll content, whereas, the T. absoluta survival decreased. The metabolome profiles of BC tomato leaves showed an increased accumulation of flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids compared to CK. Transcriptome sequencing resulted in the identification of 244 differentially expressed genes. Most of the upregulated genes were associated with stress-related hub proteins, flavonoid biosynthesis, MAPK and phytohormone signaling, and terpenoid biosynthesis. Additionally, the expression of many genes related to signaling and defense was changed in response to the bamboo charcoal amendment.DiscussionWe conclude that bamboo charcoal induces biosynthesis of flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids, which improve plant growth and tolerance against T. absoluta, thus reducing the survival of destructive pests.