Ball Game Research Articles

Artificial Intelligence-Based Soccer Sports Training Function Extraction: Application of Improved Genetic Algorithm to Soccer Training Path Planning

Artificial intelligence has given a new dimension to the sport and mentality of soccer by tracking and planning the path of soccer and analyzing the learning process. Along with the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, it is also used in sports events. Soccer, the world’s number one ball game, has always received worldwide attention. Although soccer is full of realism, it does not mean that its behavior cannot be predicted. By taking advantage of the role of artificial intelligence, model data from training is used to perform a deeper analysis of the correlated role of a soccer team’s players in the game, which is very helpful to improve the team’s training efficiency and tactics. As an emerging intelligent algorithm, the improved genetic algorithm can seek the global optimal solution based on the results of the algorithm execution and apply it to the planning of soccer training paths, which has a strong application value for improving the team’s training level and helping the team to formulate reasonable and effective offensive and defensive strategies. In this paper, we use artificial intelligence as the research background to improve the genetic algorithm by extracting the soccer training function and apply the improved algorithm to the soccer training path planning to get the global optimal solution, so as to help the players find the reasonable and effective optimal path of passing or shooting and help the team to build the tactical planning and winning strategy of offense and defense to meet the earnest expectation of soccer fans.

Reflexivity of discomfort: Two women outsiders doing sport research in prison

When analyzing social relationships the idea of ​​intersectionality allows for multiple dimensions to be brought forth. In this regard, discomfort becomes the core element of a reflective exercise surrounding the ethnographic fieldwork carried out by two young, white, female researchers as volunteers of sports and physical activities for imprisoned women. Through the analysis of our field notes, we complete a retrospective journey to analyze our presence in the field and bring forth the consequences of our decisions and emotions; all with the help of our adult, white, male PhD supervisors. In our analysis, gender, age, race and, in this particular context, the position of freedom and our condition as volunteers have been revealed to be fundamental. As researchers, we opted for using different strategies such as adapting our language or repressing our feminist ideas, in a complicated game of balance between the need to establish rapport and the necessary prudence in prison. All in all, this study highlights the richness of team research and its help in facing and understanding the various difficulties that arise from the prison context, its emotional implications, and the ethical dilemmas that appear during the research process. On the other hand, it constitutes a methodological and reflective contribution to feminist research in the field of sport and physical activity.

From the maloca to the screen. Narrative connections between the oral tradition of Múrui-Muina amazonian community and interactive audiovisual content.

The Uitoto community of the Colombian Amazon have used stories as a central axis of their culture and survival, using stories in different forms that have been passed from generation to generation, with the belief that the word is healing and world-creating. Stories have been told in different formats, times and genres but have a special purpose; connecting the past and the future to create a new reality.From this study, the potential of the indigenous narratives of the Muinane people to be adapted in interactive audiovisual productions is highlighted, through a content and structural analysis of five Eikɨ, which are riddle-songs used during the autochthonous rituals of the Múrui-Muina. Particularly, the Eikɨ used during the ball game ceremony, collected and translated by researcher Laura Areiza Serna (Ayaɨngo), are examined in her research Eikɨ jɨkanote: preguntar por el canto-adivinanza. Recognizing a close relationship between Eikɨ with some interactive audiovisual pieces such as video games or interactive movies. The result of this research shows the narrative richness of the Múrui-Muina that in its variety can influence interactive narratives. Taking indigenous knowledge and advances outside the limits of their territory and language, transforming and inspiring interactive audiovisual content that preserves the indigenous word.

Training of Improving Students’ Speaking Skills by Using Talking Ball Game at SMA Kalam Kudus Medan.

Speaking requires someone to be linguistically competent in terms of well articulating the sound, having sufficient vocabulary, and mastering structural and or grammatical grammar. Speaking is complex because speakers are involved in a rapid and dynamic process incurring a high element of doing various things at the same time. Games are a structured form of play, usually undertaken for enjoyment and sometimes used as an educational tool. Games are distinct from work, which is usually carried out for remuneration, and from art, which is more often an expression of aesthetic or ideological elements. In Talking Ball Game, students can value ability speaking like pronunciation, vocabulary, fluency, grammar, and able to make students fun in the games. It is very important for students. In games, students have the opportunity to use the language after learning new vocabulary. And Talking Ball Game is also able to improve the situation in class. In the teaching and learning process, the students took participation when implementing TBG in learning by speaking. Keywords: Students’ Speaking Skill, Talking Ball Game

Game Balance Practices

The subject of the research refers to the development of game and interactive projects — the practice of game balance of computer games. Current trends formed in both scientific and commercial spheres are taken into account. The research methods are modeling and experimentation. The main result is the formed vision on the integration of the received features into the tool of game prototypes generation. Two tools for working with game balance are described. The presented results are the part of one big applied research aimed at developing a game tool for prototyping computer games, reducing development time and resources by automating through generation of all kinds of content based on natural language text, including, in the long run, game balance. The work is a logical development of research on creating a full-fledged game engine for game designers and screenwriters.

Hungarian male water polo players’ body composition can predict specific playing positions and highlight different nutritional needs for optimal sports performance

BackgroundWater polo is unique among aquatic—and generally other—sports as it includes cyclic elements typical in swimming and acyclic elements occurring mainly in ball games. Moreover, water polo demands high level of technical and tactical skills. Players need an optimal nutritional and physical condition to achieve high athletic performance, which is to a great extend influenced by nutritional habits. We aim to highlight possible shortfalls in players’ nutritional intake in relation to positions played within the team.MethodsIn the present study, we determined the anthropometric and body composition characteristics, dietary habits and laboratory parameters of elite adult male water polo players (n = 19) before the start of the championship and at the end of the regular season, which meant a 4-month intervention period. Analyses of body composition characteristics and nutritional habits were performed using bioimpedance analyzer InBody 770 and a 3-day nutrition diary, respectively. Paired-sample t-test were used to determine the differences between the variables measured before and after the championship. Correlations between the anthropometric and body composition characteristics and different serum parameters were analyzed using linear correlation calculation. K-mean cluster analysis was performed using the anthropometric and body composition characteristics of the athletes.ResultsBased on anthropometric and body composition characteristics, players can be divided into two significantly different clusters that shows an association with specific playing positions. Cluster I included goalkeepers and wing players, while defenders, centers, and shooters belonged to Cluster II. We observed significant differences in the physical composition and slight but not significant differences in nutritional habits of the clusters. Cluster I players were 5 cm shorter on average, while their mean body weight, skeletal muscle mass and body fat mass data were lower by 19 kg, 7 kg, and 7 kg, respectively. We studied the correlation between initial anthropometric and body composition parameters and the changes in laboratory parameters before and after the regular season. As a result, we detected numerous significant differences between the two clusters, such as the changes in glucose and magnesium levels, which showed a strong correlation with several body composition parameters in cluster II, but did not in cluster I.ConclusionsCluster differences between anthropometric and body compositional characteristics, and the changes in laboratory parameters can help to develop position-specific training and nutritional recommendations in the future. Therefore, the results may be applicable in sport sciences for elite athletes and sports coaches.

A novel noninvasive brain-computer interface by imagining isometric force levels.

Physiological circuits differ across increasing isometric force levels during unilateral contraction. Therefore, we first explored the possibility of predicting the force level based on electroencephalogram (EEG) activity recorded during a single trial of unilateral 5% or 40% of maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVC) in right-hand grip imagination. Nine healthy subjects were involved in this study. The subjects were required to randomly perform 20 trials for each force level while imagining a right-hand grip. We proposed the use of common spatial patterns (CSPs) and coherence between EEG signals as features in a support vector machine for force level prediction. The results showed that the force levels could be predicted through single-trial EEGs while imagining the grip (mean accuracy = 81.4 ± 13.29%). Additionally, we tested the possibility of online control of a ball game using the above paradigm through unilateral grip imagination at different force levels (i.e., 5% of MVC imagination and 40% of MVC imagination for right-hand movement control). Subjects played the ball games effectively by controlling direction with our novel BCI system (n = 9, mean accuracy = 76.67 ± 9.35%). Data analysis validated the use of our BCI system in the online control of a ball game. This information may provide additional commands for the control of robots by users through combinations with other traditional brain-computer interfaces, e.g., different limb imaginations.

Machine Load Balancing Game with Linear Externalities

Machine Load Balancing Game with Linear Externalities

캐나다 판타지 그림책의 상상력

This article explores how to read picturebooks with some of the representative Canadian fantasy picturebooks: Munch’s The Paper Bag Princess, Morgan’s Matthew and the Midnight Ball Game, Bourgeois’s Franklin in the Dark, and Wynne-Jones’s Zoom at Sea. Reading picturebooks need to focus on words and images at the same time. Sometimes images tell more stories than words written in the pages. Children know how to read and what to read through pictures by intuition, while adults lost the ability to read pictures, only focusing on words with traditional way of reading. The function of pictures in picturebooks is to describe and represent. The function of words is to narrative. So the relationship between pictures and words are important and also complex. Picturebooks are an effective and interesting way of telling stories. They give pleasure to viewers and readers, both children and adults. In the Canadian fantasy picturebooks above, readers enjoy the story with the written words and more stories (that the words don’t tell) through focusing and reading pictures.

A Self-Adaptive Recommendation Method for Online Ideological and Political Teaching Resources Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

The online ideological as well as the political teaching resource management system structure is established in the view of information management in colleges and universities. Furthermore, the online ideological as well as the political teaching information level is improved by combining the optimized design of resource recommendation model. In this paper, an online ideological as well as political teaching resource adaptive recommendation system and algorithm, which is designed on deep reinforcement learning, is suggested. The cost relationship model between online ideological as well as the political teaching resources and learning profitability is constructed. Similarly, the multidimensional constraint index parameter analysis method is adopted, and the adaptive matching model of online ideological as well as the political teaching resources is established. According to online ideological as well as the political teaching norms, combined with the analysis of high-quality educational resources of audience groups, the dynamic evaluation of online ideological as well as the political teaching resources and the adaptive matching model of interest preferences are established. Finally, the deep reinforcement learning method is adopted. By analyzing the characteristics of the resource structure model of online ideological as well as the political teaching resources, through benefit evaluation, resource supply and demand balance management analysis and balanced game control, the online ideological as well as the political teaching resources management system can be improved and self-adaptive recommended. The simulation outcomes indicate that this approach has noble adaptability and high correctness in recommending online ideological as well as the political teaching resources.

Multiobjective Line Balancing Game: Collaboration and Peer Evaluation

We introduce a spreadsheet-based game, the multiobjective line balancing (MOLB) game, to teach assembly line balancing as a common topic of discussion in operations research, operations management, supply chain management, or management science courses at the undergraduate or graduate level. The MOLB game was designed based on the triple bottom line framework, in which the economic, social, and environmental aspects of line balancing decisions are simultaneously taken into account. The MOLB game can be played in teams of three or four students. First, each team receives unique information for balancing an assembly line. Each team should find as many feasible balances as possible in a collaborative form and then send the Pareto solution set and the best found solution to a peer team. In the second round of the game, the teams assess the results of a peer team first by trying to find infeasible or non-Pareto solutions and second by attempting to improve on the provided solutions. Finally, the reviewer team presents the results of the peer-review process to the entire class.

A TRANSFER ENGINEERING TRAINING MODEL BASED ON THE STUDY OF BIOMECHANICS IN FUTSAL OR SMA/SMK STUDENTS IN BOYOLALI

This study aims to produce a model of passing practice based on biomechanics studies in futsal ball games for high school / vocational students in Boyolali Regency. The research method used in this research is Research and Development (R&D). Sources of data in this study were researchers, coaches, athletes, futsal practitioners, multimedia experts, and biomechanics experts. The population comes from high school / vocational students in Boyolali Regency. The samples taken in this study were 6 samples for small group trials, 12 samples for large group trials, the group product effectiveness test with exercise media based on biomechanics studies used 10 samples, the group without exercise media based on biomechanics studies used 10 samples. Data collection techniques used in this study are qualitative and quantitative data collection. The instruments used in data collection were observation, interviews, questionnaires, and tests/tests. The types of data in this study are qualitative and quantitative data. The data analysis technique used in this research is qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The results of the research on the results of the effectiveness test obtained that the experimental group data was 33% - 48.0% and the control group was 16.0% - 43.0%. So based on these results, it can be concluded that the product of the passing technique training model based on the study of biomechanics in futsal for high school students in Boyolali is declared effective and feasible.Keywords: Media, Futsal, Beomechanics

A TRANSFER ENGINEERING TRAINING MODEL BASED ON THE STUDY OF BIOMECHANICS IN FUTSAL OR SMA/SMK STUDENTS IN BOYOLALI

This study aims to produce a model of passing practice based on biomechanics studies in futsal ball games for high school / vocational students in Boyolali Regency. The research method used in this research is Research and Development (R&D). Sources of data in this study were researchers, coaches, athletes, futsal practitioners, multimedia experts, and biomechanics experts. The population comes from high school / vocational students in Boyolali Regency. The samples taken in this study were 6 samples for small group trials, 12 samples for large group trials, the group product effectiveness test with exercise media based on biomechanics studies used 10 samples, the group without exercise media based on biomechanics studies used 10 samples.Data collection techniques used in this study are qualitative and quantitative data collection. The instruments used in data collection were observation, interviews, questionnaires, and tests/tests. The types of data in this study are qualitative and quantitative data. The data analysis technique used in this research is qualitative and quantitative data analysis.The results of the research on the results of the effectiveness test obtained that the experimental group data was 33% - 48.0% and the control group was 16.0% - 43.0%. So based on these results, it can be concluded that the product of the passing technique training model based on the study of biomechanics in futsal for high school students in Boyolali is declared effective and feasible.Media, Futsal, Beomechanics

Differences in lung function, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and respiratory health between elite athletes competing in different sports

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to examine lung function, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and exercise-induced respiratory symptoms in elite athletes performing different sports. Norwegian national-team athletes (30 swimmers, 32 cross-country skiers, 16 speed-skaters, 11 rowers/paddlers, 17 handball players and 23 soccer players) completed a validated questionnaire, measured exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), spirometry, methacholine provocation (PD20met) and skin prick test. Three cut-off levels defined BHR; i.e. PD20met ≤2 µmol, ≤4 µmol and ≤8 µmol. Mean forced vital capacity (FVC) was highest in swimmers (Mean z-score[95%CI] = 1.16 [0.80, 1.51]), and close to or higher than reference values according to the Global Lung Initiative equation, across all sports. Mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was higher than reference values in swimmers (0.48 [0.13, 0.84]), and ball game athletes (0.69 [0.41, 0.97]). Mean forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of FVC (FEF25-75), and/or FEV1/FVC were lower than reference values in all endurance groups. BHR defined by ≤2 and ≤8 µmol methacholine was observed in respectively 50%–87% of swimmers, 25%–47% of cross-country skiers, 20%–53% of speed-skaters, 18%–36% of rowers/paddlers, and 0%–17% of the ball game athletes. Exercise-induced symptoms were common in all groups, most frequent in cross-country skiers (88%), swimmers (83%) and speed-skaters (81%). Highlights Swimmers and ball game athletes had higher mean FVC and FEV1 when compared to the reference values predicted by the Global Lung Initiative (GLI) reference equation. Contrasting this, across all sports except ball game athletes, mean FEF25-75 and/or FEV1/FVC were lower than reference values. The prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) was high among elite athletes competing in swimming, cross-country skiing, speed skating and rowing/paddling, with swimmers being most affected. The majority of the elite athletes reported exercise-induced respiratory symptoms independent of lung function or BHR.

Different Exercise Types Produce the Same Acute Inhibitory Control Improvements When the Subjective Intensity Is Equal.

Twenty-eight active older people (67.19 ± 4.91 years) who engaged in physical exercise activity twice a week were recruited to participate in a counterbalanced experimental protocol. The participants performed three different exercise sessions on three different days, one based on aerobic activities, one based on strength exercises with elastic bands, and one based on stationary balance games. During all three sessions, they were encouraged to maintain a moderate subjective intensity (5–6 on the RPE10 scale), and their heart rate was recorded. In addition, all of the participants took a digital version of the Stroop test before and after each session. The study aimed to compare the acute cognitive impacts of different types of exercise sessions in older adults. The participants’ heart rate differed between the exercise sessions, but they maintained the RPE intensity. There was a significant improvement in inhibitory control (Stroop test) after all sessions, with no differences between exercise sessions. Moreover, some participants agreed to be genotyped to record the single nucleotide polymorphism of BDNF rs6265. There were no differences between Val/Val and Met carriers at the beginning or end of the exercise sessions. The present study showed similar cognitive improvements with different exercise type sessions when the subjective intensity was maintained.

Analysis of the history of ball sports

Sports are one of the important topics that are still included a sub-topic in the school curricula. Ball sports are considered one of the most important sports in our societies today because of their wide and enthusiastic audience. The aim of the study was to analyze the history of ball games, namely football, handball, basketball and volleyball, and to study them as a general historical follow-up study with a simple initial formula. It was also aimed to study the importance of sports to humans. There is a close relationship between ball games and environmental conditions. The place and the climate had an impact on the discovery of some of these games. Some of them have a wide and likable audience, and some were practiced by a certain aristocracy, and had an ethnic influence on their practice because of their popularity. Others derived from a second game played with new atmospheres and new laws. As long as there is a development in human life in general and in the sports fields in particular, we will find that sports are required and renewed, and this development must result in the discovery of new games, which in turn will enter the competitive fields.

Pengaruh Permainan Lempar Tangkap Bola Terhadap Koordinasi Mata dan Tangan Anak Kelompok B TK Anggrek Palembang Tahun 2021

This study discusses "The Effect of Catching the Ball Game on the Eye and Hand Coordination of Children in Group B of Palembang Orchid Kindergarten in 2021". This study aims to determine how the level of eye and hand coordination of group B children before and after playing the game of throwing and catching the ball at the Palembang Anggrek Kindergarten. This type of research is quantitative experimental with One Group Pretest-Postest design (one group of subjects). The research sample consisted of 20 children consisting of 10 boys and 10 girls. Data collection techniques in this study used initial observation before being treated with throwing and catching the ball learning, observation was used to collect data at the time of treatment, a test in the form of scores was carried out to determine the results after being given treatment and documentation in the form of photos. The data analysis technique used in this study used normality test, homogeneity test and hypothesis testing. From the results of research that has been carried out to prove the hypothesis, it is obtained that is 5.566 while dk = 20 + 20 - 2 = 38 with a 5% significance level so that ttable = 2.048 is obtained because tcount = 5.566 > ttable = 2,048 then the conclusion is Ho is rejected, meaning that there is a throwing effect. Catch the ball on the eye and hand coordination of group B children at the Palembang Orchid Kindergarten in 2021.

Effects on Pilates exercise for rowing player

Pilates is a slow and flowing exercise with deep breathing and a move which gives you time to connect body and mind to focus and relaxed the body or mind. Pilates exercises important for rowing player because it is a low impact training made up by slow movement that’s enhance rower power, flexibility, stamina, strong core muscles and improve body balance and it focus on the develop smaller and dipper muscles that need rowers to improve their overall performance as well as health. Through Pilates exercise can stop muscles cramp and improve stability. Pilates moves effectively will helps to build muscles power, improve eye-hand coordination and strength, those thing helps to player comfort on the boat. Every player must be calm and comfort during the racing time. Pilates exercise helps to improve our mental health because players sit on the river so mind goes through critical situation, because rowing is a fast, balancing, coordination, or power full game. So rower needs mental strength as well as physical strength. In pilates plank is a very popular moves which used to strengthen abdominal muscles and elongate arm muscles.

The Myth of Habituation in the Akananuru

The society of the Sangam age is an excellent cultural base. Customary practices represent the way of life of the Tamils two thousand years ago. The special customs and traditions found in society are called "cultures." All our ancient Tamil pieces of literature extol the cultural aspects of our forefathers. Akananuru is the repository that contains all the life, history, beliefs, and customs of the people of the Sangam age. Akananuru is an expression of myth. It is known that there were types of marriage where the man and the woman were married without the consent of the parents and with the consent of the parents in the marriage system. It is special that they got married on a good day. Young boys built sand houses and played ball games. They cheered and enjoyed playing Kuravai Koothu (an entertaining dance of females) and Thunangai Koothu (a religious dance of females). Tunangai Koothu was unique in that it was exclusively for women. Trades were divided based on the land. Apart from these, it can be known that there were many castes such as potters, carpenters, and paraiyars. Trading was one of our customs. It can be seen that they excelled not only in domestic trade but also in foreign trade.

A whole new ball game: Fan perceptions of augmented reality enhanced sport broadcasts

For a large portion of its history, broadcasting has been stagnant when it comes to incorporating new and innovative technologies. However, due to declining viewership and consumer desire for customizable content, augmented reality (AR) graphics have begun to be incorporated into multiple broadcast products. The current study contributes to the literature by providing much needed answers to questions surrounding consumer perceptions and the implementation of AR in broadcasts. Guided by the Elaboration Likelihood Model and using sport broadcasts as the context, three NBA broadcasts were assessed: a mascot-mode with over the top AR graphics, a coach-mode with play-by-play AR graphics, and a traditional broadcast with no graphics. Following random assignment, participants in the current study were more likely to re-view (p < .05) and recommend via word of mouth (p < .05) the coach-mode AR than the mascot-mode AR. As formidable media providers like ESPN do not see AR as a fad, the current findings are noteworthy. Both AR enhancements under investigation represent substantial alterations to the core, traditional product. Thus, media providers are advised to introduce AR components gradually and systematically, so as not to overload the conservative viewer.