Bali Cows Research Articles

Performances of Bali cow kept by the palm oil farmers in Rokan Hulu, Riau

The development of the beef cattle population in Indonesia can be done by increasing the cows’ performance keeping by oil palm farmers. The research aimed to study Bali cows’ production system and performance maintained by oil palm farmers in Karya Mulya Village, Rambah Samo District, Rokan Hulu Regency, Riau. Fifteen farmers as respondent with 33 of their Bali cows were the subjects of observation. This research was conducted using the interview method, focused on the production system, body size, and reproductive performance. Data were analyzed descriptively, quantitative, and qualitative. The study results on body size showed that the Bali cows had a chest circumference of 156.68±7.07 cm, shoulder height 112.73±8.86 cm, absolute body length 113.77±5.26 cm, relative body length 105±6.89 cm, body weight 253.65±28.64 kg, and body condition score 2.91±0.50. Reproductive performance includes the calving interval is 376.96±77.65 days, weaning time is 7.74±1.16 months, postpartum estrus 72.00±36.81 days, postpartum mating 72.00±36.81 days, service per conception 1.23±0.8, calf mortality 6.25%, calf weaning weight at 205 days is 97.59±22.88 kg, cows reproductive index 0.96 ± 0.26 and productivity 68.23 ± 46.89. It concluded that Bali cows raised by oil palm farmers in Rokan Hulu, Riau had good performance and body size.

Performance of female Bali cattle in different management systems at Field Station of Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat (SL-SPR) Kuamang Abadi

This study aims to evaluate the performance of Bali cows in different management systems in the Field Station of Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat (SL-SPR) Kuamang Abadi. The linear body measurement and reproductive performances of one hundred twenty-six Bali cows owned by 64 farmers located in 4 villages in SL-SPR Kuamang Abadi were measured and recorded. Survey and observation were done from October to November 2020. Data were analyzed using statistical and descriptive methods. The parameters of linear body measurement included chest circle (CC), body length (BL), and body height (BH). The reproductive performance included age first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI), days open (DO), and service per conception (S/C). The result of linear body measurement showed that the largest CC was in a semi-intensive system at 158,03 cm; the largest BL and BH in the intensive system were 119,35 cm and 111,2 cm, respectively. The result of the reproductive performance showed that cattle in the semi-intensive systems had lower averages AFC, CI, DO, and S/C, i.e., 958,7 days, 375,1 days, 90,1 days, and 1,7, respectively. The results obtained can be used as the basis for improving maintenance management and the development of breeding Bali cattle in SL-SPR Kuamang Abadi.

Effect of the inclusion of different sources of carbohydrate in the fattening ration based on Leucaena leaves on the intake, digestibility, and weight gain of Culled Bali Cows

An experiment with the objective of improving the utilization of leucaena leaves by culled Bali cows by the inclusion of different sources of carbohydrate was conducted following a completely randomized design using 16 thin cull Bali cows. Four diets were allotted to each animal at any period including La: the animal was offered a diet consisting of 80% dried leucaena leaves and 20% rice straw as a control, LaLb: added with pumpkin, LaJg: added with cornmeal, and LaLbJg: added with pumpkin and cornmeal. All supplemented diets were set to have similar energy and protein level. Variables measured included intake and digestibility of nutrients, rumen environments, and daily weight gain. Results showed that the inclusion of pumpkin and especially cornmeal significantly increased (P<0,05) dry matter and nutrient intake. DM and nutrient digestibility did not differ among treatments except for crude fiber. Rumen concentration of volatile fatty acids was significantly increased but rumen ammonia concentration was reduced with the addition of carbohydrate. Daily weight gain was significantly (P<0,05) improved and the inclusion of cornmeal produced the highest daily weight gain. It can be concluded that the intake and the utilization of leucaena leaves for weight gain by culled Bali cows was improved by the inclusion of carbohydrates with cornmeal exert a better effect over pumpkin.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Rumen Degradability of Gliricia sepium leaves

An experiment with the objective to investigate the effect of different temperature regimes during heat treatment of Gliricidia sepium leaves was conducted following a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. Gliricidia leaves were exposed to three temperature regimes namely oven heating at 60oC (T60), 90oC (T90), and 120oC (T120) respectively and followed by sun-drying compared to sun drying as control (Con). The dry matter and protein degradation were measured using In Sacco method in three fistulated Bali cows fed a standard diet. Protein solubility (a) and the insoluble but potentially degradable fraction (b) were linearly reduced (P<0,001) by the increased temperature in the oven as compared to sun drying. The degradation rate (c) of protein in the rumen was increased at all heating treatments. The effective dry matter and protein degradation of gliricidia leaf was significantly (P<0,01) reduced by heat treatment in T90 and no further reduction in T120. The solubility fraction of DM was significantly reduced (P<0.05) when heated in the oven at 120oC, meanwhile the b value for DM linearly decline with the increasing heating temperature. Heating also increased the lag time required for the degradation to commence. It, therefore, can be concluded that oven drying at 90oC is a simple effective means to reduce ruminal protein degradation of gliricidia leaves.

Supplementation of Moringga Olievera Leaf Powder (MOL) Block Increased the Estrous Intensity and Conception Rate in Bali Cows

Supplementation of Moringga Olievera Leaf Powder (MOL) Block Increased the Estrous Intensity and Conception Rate in Bali Cows

The Successful of Artificial Insemination in Bali Cow in Muaro Jambi Regency, Jambi Province

The successful implementation of the artificial insemination (AI) program is a Measurement of the amount reproductive efficiency value that achieved. The value of the efficiency of the successful of artificial insemination (AI) can be assessed by measuring the rate per pregnancy or Service per Conception (S/C), calving distance or Calving Interval (CI) and pregnancy rate or Conception Rate (CR). This research has been carried out in Muaro Jambi Regency from September 11, 2021 to October 01, 2021. This study aims to determine the success of artificial insemination (AI)) in Bali cow in Muaro Jambi Regency and to determine Service Per Conception (S/C), Conception Rate (CR), and Calcing Interval (CI). This research was conducted using a survey method where the sampling method (respondents) was purposive sampling of respondents who has the criteria, namely respondents who had mother cows who had given birth at least 2 times to breeders in Jambi Luar Kota District, Muaro Jambi Regency and were married by artificial insemination (AI). The changes observed were Service per Conception (S/C), calving interval or Calving Interval (CI) and pregnancy rate or Conception Rate (CR). The data obtained were processed. The results showed that the successful of artificial insemination (AI) in Muaro Jambi Regency in the form of Service per Conception (S/C) which was 1,58, calving interval (CI) of 14,05 months and pregnancy rate or Conception Rate (CR). ) ) of 56,14%. It can be concluded that the successful of Synthetic Insemination (SI) in Muaro Jambi Regency can be categorized as having succeeded optimally, it can be seen from the service per concept (S/C), calving interval (CI) and the level of conception (CR).

Peran Penyuluh Pertanian dalam Ketersediaan Bibit Sapi di Kabupaten Muna Sulawesi Tenggara

Livestock is an agricultural sector that has a great opportunity to be developed. The research was conducted in October to December 2020 aimed to find out the role of agricultural extensionists in the availability of beef cattle seedlings in Muna Regency. The study using survey method with the determination of research samples determined deliberately (Purposive) connects research variables in the form of human resource availability and public perception of beef cattle development with the number of respondents 150 people. The results showed that the Availability of Human Resources (HR) Muna Regency for PKB 3 people, PPL 37 people and IB officers 30 people, while for public perception the availability of Bali cow seedlings as much as 32.85% said available, 50.35% quite available, and not available 16.8%.

Effectiveness of estrous synchronization using prostaglandin (PGF2α) in Bali cows

The objective of this study was to know the effect of estrous synchronization using prostaglandin (PGF2α) hormone injection in producing the percentage of estrus in Bali cows. Palpation of rectal examination on 70 Bali cows was carried out using plastic gloves to select the cows. The results were 44 Bali cows in pregnant condition, follicular phase, and anestrus. There were 26 Bali cows in the luteal phase, used in this study. All Bali cows in the luteal phase were injected with prostaglandin hormone intramuscularly followed by estrus detection from one day after injection. The parameters measured were the number of Bali cows that become estrus and pregnant, and signs of estrus that expressed. The results of this study showed that the injection of prostaglandin (PGF2α) effectively produced a high response of estrous of Bali cows and the pregnancy rate was accounting for 77%. As conclusions, synchronization of estrus in Bali cows using prostaglandin (PGF2α) is effective in producing a 100% estrus response, the luteal phase in cows was a major success for synchronizing estrus and pregnancy rate was relatively high at first AI.

Reproductive management and performances of Bali cow kept by smallholder farmers level with different production systems in South Konawe Regency, Indonesia

This research aims to determine Bali cows’ reproductive management and performances, kept by smallholder farmers with intensive and semi-intensive production systems in South Konawe Regency. A total of 55 farmers and 110 Bali cows was interviewed and observed. The data was captured consists of farmers’ characteristics, reproductive management, and reproductive performances. An independent sample t-test analyzed the data. The farmers with intensive and semi-intensive production systems could detect the estrus well (69.57 and 59.09%) and mated by artificial insemination (AI) (70.83 and 86.11%). There was a significant difference (P <0.05) related to the first estrus age (1.98±0.82 vs. 1.92±0.18 years), the first mating age (2.84±0.23 vs. 2.77±0.34 years), service per conception with natural mating and AI (1.00±0.00 vs. 1.20±0.42 and 1.70±0.76 vs. 1.44±0.57 times). There were no significant differences in the first calving age, gestation length, postpartum estrus, postpartum mating, weaning age, calving interval, and cow reproduction index. The pre-weaning mortality and calf crops were 6.25 and 9.68%; 76.79 and 71,70%. To conclude our findings, the farmers in South Konawe Regency carry out reproductive management well. Bali cows’ reproductive performance with an intensive system is better than the semi-intensive system based on the calf crop.

Body size of male Bali cow in different maintenance systems in Bima District, West Nusa Tenggara

Bali cattle originate from the Indonesian island of Bali and are well known in various regions throughout Indonesia. Bali cattle are known as beef cattle with high carcass proportion and good performance. There are two systems of Balinese cattle raising in Bima Regency, namely extensive and intensive. This study aims to measure the body size of male Bali cattle reared in an intensive and extensive rearing system in Bima Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. A total of 100 male Bali cows are kept using different maintenance systems, in the intensive system there are 50 heads and in the extensive system there are 50 heads, measured by body length, shoulder height, and chest circumference. Quantitative descriptive body size data were used to obtain mean values and standard deviations. The results showed that the body size of male Bali cows in intensive care in Bima Bali Cows was better in extensive maintenance (P <0.05). Thus, the intensive maintenance system for male Bali cattle can be applied to obtain better growth performance and can be used for fattening or selection of cattle of good quality to meet future national demand for beef.

Efektivitas Antioksidan Likopen Pada Buah Tomat (Lycopercisum esculentum) Terhadap Normalitas dan Abnormalitas Spermatozoa Sapi Bali dengan Metode Swim up.

Abstract. This research is a type of experimental research carried out in a laboratory with the aim of knowing a symptom or effect that arises as a result of certain treatments. The research was conducted at the Immunobiology Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mataram University. The material used in the study was 1 male Bali cow, about 3.5 years old with a cow weight of 460 kg, which the semen was collected using an artificial vagina. The experimental design used in this study was a completely randomized design which was arranged in a factorial design consisting of 3 (three) factors. The first factor is the difference in layer (L) which consists of 2 (two) levels, namely the Upper Layer (LA) and the Lower Layer (LB). The second factor is the concentration of tomato lycopene (P) consisting of 5 (five) levels, namely: 0% (P0), 5% (P1), 10% (P2), 15% (P3) and 20% (P4). The third factor is storage time (H) which consists of 6 (six factors), namely 1 day (H1), 2 days (H2), 3 days (H3), 4 days (H4), 5 days (H5) and 6 days. (H6). The three factors combined to produce 60 treatment combinations, each treatment combination was repeated 6 (six) times so that there were 360 experimental units. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the addition of the tomato fruit lycopene antioxidant and the separation by the swim up method had no significant effect (P&gt; 0.05) on the normality and abnormality of spermatozoa. The addition of tomato fruit lycopene antioxidants and the separation using the swim up method did not have an effect on increasing spermatozoa abnormalities, but did not have a negative effect on the spermatozoa of bali cattle.Keywords: antioxidant, tomato fruit, spermatozoa, bali cow

Effect of Graded Levels of Fishmeal or Urea Supplementation on Rumen Environment and Ruminal Feed Degradation in Bali Cows

An experiment to study the effects of supplementation of graded levels of urea or fishmeal on rumen environment and ruminal feed degradation in Bali cows fed low quality tropical grass hay (crude protein, CP = 3.53%) was conducted according to a 5 × 5 Latin square experimental design with five animals and five periods. In each period lasting for 3 weeks, five non-pregnant Bali cows were given ad libitum access to grass hay (G) or supplemented daily with two level of urea, i.e. 38 g (U38) and 74 g (U74), or two levels of fishmeal, i.e. 156 g (FM156) and 312 g (FM312). Supplementation of both urea and fishmeal reduced significantly (P < 0.01) the average rumen pH from 6.89 in G to 6.74 in FM156. Rumen ammonia concentration increased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing levels of supplementation and the increase was more pronounced with urea than with fishmeal supplementation. Rumen ammonia concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in urea than fishmeal supplemented cows at both levels of supplementation. Ruminal total as well as individual VFAs (Acetate, Butyrate and Propionate) concentrations were not affected by the increasing level of supplementation of both urea and fishmeal. Supplementation improved significantly (P < 0.05) in sacco rumen degradation of DM but not protein. Ruminal DM effective degradability was increased significantly with increasing level of fishmeal supplementation but not with increasing level of urea supplementation. Supplementation of increasing level of both urea and fishmeal improved rumen environment and feed degradability in Bali cows maintained on low quality tropical grass hay with fishmeal was proven to be the better supplement over urea.

Deskripsi dan fenomena yang terjadi pada perkawinan alami sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO) dengan sapi Bali di Kandang Percobaan Loka Penelitian Sapi Potong

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; To determine the natural mating behavior pattern of PO bulls with Bali cows in the cattle breeding system using freestall housing of “Litbangtan Model”.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The materials were 63 livestock; 3 PO bulls and 60 Bali cows. The study was designed with a randomized block design (RBD) with three treatments based on the physiological status of Bali cows; namely Treatment A: 20 heifers, Treatment B: 10 heifers and 10 cows, and Treatment C: 20 cows. The parameters observed were the pattern of estrous behavior, the length of time from estrus to mating, the phenomena that occurred during pregnancy and the birth process, and the pregnancy rate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The estrous intensity in the +++ category was higher than + or ++ in all treatments. The shortest average time interval between estrus and mating occurred in treatment A with a pregnancy rate of 83.33%. The phenomena that occur during pregnancy and at birth are abortion, dystocia and calf death at birth. Abortion occurs at 4-6 months of gestation, dominated by heifers; the incidence of dystocia is entirely experienced by heifers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Cows with estrus were 86.67% with various expressions starting from silent heat (+), medium (++) and visible (+++). There are 42 Bali cows that show normal behavior in a series of reproductive activities (estrus and mating) with a time interval estrus and mating between 0.67-14.75 hours. Pregnancy rate 83.33%; the phenomena that occur during pregnancy and childbirth include abortion, calf death at birth and dystocia.&lt;/p&gt;

AVAILABILITY AND UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL FOOD AS A SOURCE OF BALI BEEF IN MOWEWE SUB-DISTRICT, EAST KOLAKA

This study aims to analyze the availability and utilization of agricultural by-products as a source of feed for Balinese cattle in Mowewe District, East Kolaka Regency. The research was conducted in March-May 2020. The research respondents involved 83 cow breeders. The data analysis used is descriptive analysis. The availability of agricultural food waste feed is calculated based on the formula Muller et al. (1974). The variables observed were the type of feed from agricultural byproducts and the potential availability of agricultural by-products as feed for Bali cows in Mowewe Sub-district, East Kolaka Regency. The results showed thatwith the production of forage BK/Ha 167602.80 tons/year. The availability and use of agricultural by-products as a source of feed for Bali cattle include:Type of feed from agricultural by-products, namely rice straw, sweet potato, maize and peanuts. Potential availability of agricultural by-products as feed, namely, agricultural by-products in the research location for producing rice straw.2073.75 tons/year, 6000 tons/year of sweet potato waste, 54000 tons of corn waste/year and 6000 tons of peanut waste/year.

The effects of catfish oil supplementation as unsaturated fatty acid source on Bali cow gas production kinetics, dry matter digestibility, and organic matter digestibility in vitro

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of catfish oil (CFO) supplementation on gas production kinetics, dry matter (IVDMD), and organic matter digestibility in vitro (IVOMD) with Bali cow rumen fluid. The design of this study was a completely randomized design with 5 treatment consist of T0 (control diet: Pennisetum purpupoides (60): wheat pollard (30): soybean meal (10)), T1 (T0 + 2% DM CFO), T2 (T0 + 4% DM CFO), T3 (T0 + 6% DM CFO), T4 (T0 + 8% DM CFO) and 3 replication. Gas production technique described by Menke and Steingass was used in this study with 48 hours of incubation time. Gas production kinetics was analyzed by Fit Curve application. The result showed that CFO supplementation did not change the value of gas production, a fraction value, b fraction value, gas production rate (c value), IVDMD, and IVOMD, but the increasing supplementation at the level of 8% decreased (P<0.05) gas production, b value, IVDMD, and IVOMD. It could be concluded that catfish oil supplementation as unsaturated fatty acid source at the level of 6% DM in the Bali cow diet did not give a negative effect on rumen substrates degradation.

KUALITAS ORGANOLEPTIK DAGING SE’I YANG DIOLAH DARI DAGING SAPI BALI BETINA AFKIR (Organoleptic quality of se’i made from bali cull cow beef)

Aim of this study was to evaluate quality of se’i (Rotennese smoke meat) made from cull Bali cow meat. Completely randomized design 3x3 was used in this study. Meat taken from cull Bali cow with body condition skore (BCS) 2 (thin), 3 (moderate) and 4 (slightly fat). Each BCS had three replicates. Parameters observed included taste, color, aroma, pH value and fat oxidation. The results showed that BCS had a highly significant effect (P &lt;0.01) on color and taste, had a significant effect (P &lt;0.05) on fat oxidation, had no significant effect (P&gt; 0.05) on aroma and pH. Se,i made from BCS 4 had a slightly dark red color, the best taste and the highest fat oxidation rate, whereas se'i prepared from BCS 3 has a slightly dark red color, medium taste and lowest fat oxidation rate. It is concluded that the best quality of se’i produced in this study was made from BCS 4,however, it was necessary to add antioxidants to retard fat oxidation rate. Whereas if used BCS 3 it is better to add some additives to improve the taste.

Analysis of the Development of Bali Cattle Population in Agriculture Ecosystem of Timor Island using System Dynamics

Developing Bali cattle population in Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara province carries a potential issue regarding cattle population. The objective of this research was to conduct an analysis and projection of the development of Bali cattle population in the agricultural ecosystem in Timor Island using system dynamics. The research was conducted from January to September 2018. The research location was determined purposively based on the characteristics of the agricultural ecosystem located in Kupang Regency and Kupang City. The research used 60 Bali cattle and involved 102 rancher respondents. Interviews and field observations were conducted to obtain primary and secondary data. Data analysis was done by building a system dynamics using Powersim and interpreting the simulation results for the next 30 years. The analysis results of the system dynamics showed that a declining population of Bali cattle over the next 19 or 25 years due to the ranchers' current behavior. The contributing factors included calf mortality that reached 29.6% per year; Bali cow mortality was up to 14.1% per year; calving interval was 22 months; traditional farm management that it is not economical; and the rate of livestock export reached 29.5% per year of the total population. Rancher management interventions and farm policies to reduce the inhibiting factors of cattle productivity are needed to maintain the population of Bali cattle in Timor Island, especially in the agricultural ecosystem.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN WAFER RANSUM KOMPLIT YANG DITAMBAHKAN AMPAS SAGU (Metroxylon Sp) TERHADAP PENAMPILAN PRODUKSI SAPI BALI

The purpose of this research is to study the performance of Bali cow production fed with field grass and complete wafer of sago pulp. The method used is a randomized block design (RBD) with 4 treatments 0% sago pulp, 10% sago pulp, 20% sago pulp, 30% sago pulp, and 2 replication. Variable researched are the increased consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio. Data is processed according to diversity analysis of the random group obtained by the mean shows no significant importance (P 0,05) to food consumption, body weight gain, and wafer conversion were relatively similar during the study. Based on the research, it can be concluded that the use of complete wafers with basic ingredients 30% sago pulp cannot improve the production performance in terms of consumption feed, growth in body weight, and feed conversion. Consumption of feed is about 4,66 – 4,83 kg/head/day, body growth between 0,00 – 0,455 kg/head/day and the range of conversion is between 0,00 – 24,83.

Management of Utilization of Sweet Stem Sorghum on Bali Cows

Research on the management of the use of sweet stem sorghum on bali cows was carried out from March to December 2016. This research took place in Bunutan village, Abang District, Karangasem Regency, using 21 pregnant cows with weights ranging from 200 - 250 kg / head. 2nd to 4th pregnancy phase. The twenty one cows are raised by cooperator farmers. This study used a randomized block design with three treatments, each treatment using 7 Balinese cows that were 7 months pregnant as replications. The results showed that the cows in treatment P3 produced children with the highest birth weight and weaning followed by P2 and finally P1 treatments, respectively 19.00 ± 1.79 kg, 17.50 ± 1.76 kg and 15.17 ± 1.4 kg, with cow weight 99.50 ± 5.32 kg, 95.33 ± 4.63 kg and 87.33 ± 8.36 kg, respectively. In addition, the fastest postpartum lust was in P3 treatment followed by P2 treatment and finally P1 respectively 93.67 ± 3.61 days, 94.67 ± 4.59 days and 105.83 ± 8.40 days.

Increasing of livestock revenue through integration corn and Bali cow

The study was conducted in farmers at Gantarang Keke, Bantaeng Regency, South Sulawesi. The purpose of this study was to determine increase of farmers’ income in the integration maize and Bali cow. The study used surveys, interviews and questionnaires for 30 farmers. Randomized block design uses 2 fertilizer factors, organic 4 levels and inorganic 3 levels, with 3 replications respectively. Parameters are production and biomass (straw, cob and klobot) of corn. The 15 head of Bali cow are used with 3 corn feed treatments and 5 replications. Results of research on corn production showed that organic fertilizers did not show significant different (P >0.05) but inorganic fertilizer showed increase significantly (P <0.05). There was no interaction effect in both fertilization treatments. The results of economic research on corn production showed net profit of corn business income by organic fertilizer which in the amount of Rp.6.27 million/harvest and R/C of 1.57.The net profit by inorganic fertilization was Rp.7.28 million/harvest, R/C was 1.65. The profits of the Bali cow was Rp. 4.78 million/year, R/C of 1.44. The integration of corn plants and Bali cow in farmers, gives good results because it is economical, effective and efficient. This business is economically feasible to try again.