Bald-on Record Strategy Research Articles

An analysis of Politeness Strategies in Indonesian English Textbooks

The research aimed explores politeness approaches in EFL textbooks, especially Indonesian English textbooks. There were two textbooks which analysed as the sample for this study. The textbooks entitled “Talk Active 1” and “Talk Active 2: Language and Culture Programme”. The researcher limited the analysis on the dialogs which provided as materials in the textbooks. Brown & Levinson's (1987) politeness strategies were applied to categorize the data. The researcher applied content analysis method proposed by Denscombe, (2010) as the research method. The results of the study revealed bald on-record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off-record were reflected in the Indonesian English textbooks. Both types of bald on-record strategies were found in the Indonesian English textbooks. However, there were only three types of off-records strategies were reflected in the textbooks. The finding revealed 11 types of positive politeness as strategy follows: S1: Notice, attend to hearer; S2: Exaggerate, S3: Intensify interest to hearer; S4: Use in-group identity markers; S6: Avoid disagreement; S7: Presuppose/assert/raise common ground; S8: Joke; S10: Offer, promise; S12: Include both speaker and hearer in the activity; S13: Give (or ask for) reasons; S14: assume or assert reciprocity. The result also presented 8 types of negative politeness as follows: S1: Be conventionally indirect; S2: Question, hedge; S3: Be pessimistic; S4: Minimize the imposition; S5: Give deference; S6: Apologize; S7: Impersonalize speaker and hearer and S10: Go on record as incurring a debt, or as not indebting hearer. The analysis showed positive and negative politeness strategies were central strategies that reflected in the textbooks. It proved that Indonesian English textbooks have pragmatics input for the students.

Cooperative Principle’s Violation and Politeness Strategies in A Movie

The present study was aimed to find out the type of politeness strategies which was frequently used by the casts in “Mr. Bean” movie and to find out the type of cooperative principle’s maxims which was frequently violated by the casts in “Mr. Bean” movie. This research was a descriptive qualitative method. All data were taken from the utterances of all casts in “Mr. Bean” movie which contained the politeness strategies and the violation of cooperative principle’s maxims. The researcher himself was the instrument of the research. The results show that bald on-record strategy is often used by the casts in “Mr. Bean” movie and the violation of relevance maxim is often used by them in “Mr. Bean” movie. It indicates that the casts of “Mr. Bean” movie tend to use bald on-record strategy and to violate the relevance maxim than other categories.

THE APPLICATION OF POLITENESS STRATEGIES AMONG TEACHER AND STUDENTS IN CLASSROOM INTERACTION AT SMA 1 PAMBOANG, MAJENE

This research aims to find out the politeness strategies between the teacher and students in the classroom. This research employed descriptive qualitative. The participants of this research were two teachers and his/her students at Class XI IPS 1, XI IPA 1 and XII IPS 1 at SMA 1 Pamboang, Majene in the academic year 2012/2013. The data taken from this research are the utterances produced by the teacher and the students during the classroom discussion went out. It was discovered that the politeness strategies which is expressed by the teachers to the students in SMA 1 Pamboang, Majene there were three politeness strategies that as proposed by Brown and Levinson in this research. They are Bald-on Record strategy, Positive Politeness strategy and negative politeness strategy among students, teacher and the observer. So, the four politeness strategy of Brown and Levinson do not found in the classroom interaction among students and teachers in SMA 1 Pamboang, Majene. The uses of possessive pronouns nya and mu are mostly to show the politeness strategies which is expressed by the teachers to the students.

KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA PENGGUNA MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM: KAJIAN SOSIOPRAGMATIK

In establishing social interaction, the consideration of face concept is able to show the system of linguistic politeness and the reflection of participants’ attitudes. The consideration of face concept is not only present in face-to-face interaction but also in the context of online interaction. This study uses social media platform Instagram, namely “infogresik”, as the main data source. The data collection was taken from the comments between the Instagram operator and other Instagram users. This study uses the qualitative approach to obtain descriptive explanation on the percentage of selecting particular strategies. Politeness theory and social variable by Brown and Levinson (1987) become the main reference in the data analisis process. The result of the data analysis showed that the participants used positive politeness with the percentage of 81.3%, the negative politeness strategy of 10.2%, the off-record strategy and bald on-record strategy of 7.6% and 3.4% respectively. Furthermore, the influence of social distance variables and the level of speech act mostly influence to the selection of face-saving stratgey for the Instagram users.

Teachers’ Politeness Strategies in Motivating Students to Learn English

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Politeness Strategies and Gender Differences in Javanese Indirect Speech Acts

The objectives of this study were to identify types of politeness strategies, to examine the differences of politeness patterns used by different gender and to see how the politeness strategies imply in the culture of “indirectness” a culture of Javanese who avoid being direct to utter something which were reflected in Javanese indirect speech acts in request. The approach used in this study are based on politeness theory of Brown & Levinson (1987); Bald-on record, Positive, Negative, and Off Record. This study employed descriptive qualitative design. The data were the transcription of recorded observation and interview using audiovisual recorder in Javanese social interaction in doing business transaction at “PasarRebo”, a traditional market in Deli Serdang, North Sumatera. The politeness strategies used were bald-on record strategy, positive politeness strategy and negative politeness strategy. Different strategies were performed by different gender; male dominantly used bald-on record strategy while female dominantly used positive politeness strategy. The realization of Javanese indirect speech acts used by female established an indirect correlation to politeness strategies and the culture of “indirectness” in Javanese. The realization of these politeness strategies by the speakers were aimed to minimize Face Threatening Acts to endeavor a harmony in social interaction. Keywords: Gender; Indirect speech act; Politeness strategiesement if they were taught by using TBL model.