Principle Of Balance Research Articles

The Principle of Balance in Informal Credit Agreements

The Principle of Balance in Informal Credit Agreements

Association of Physicians of India Expert Recommendations on Oral Fluid, Electrolytes, and Energy Management during Transition Care and Discharge for Hospitalized Patients with Nondiarrheal Illnesses.

Acute nondiarrheal illnesses (NDIs) involve overt or subclinical dehydration, requiring rehydration and electrolyte repletion. Dehydration is frequently under-recognized and under-managed, both in outpatient departments (OPDs) and inpatient departments (IPDs). Postadmission dehydration is associated with longer hospital stays and higher inhospital mortality rates. Recognizing and understanding dehydration in hospitalized patients is necessary due to the adverse outcomes associated with this condition. In this article, we aimed to develop practical consensus recommendations on the role of oral fluid, electrolyte, and energy (FEE) management in hospitalized patients with FEE deficits in NDI. The modified Delphi consensus methodology was utilized to reach a consensus. A scientific committee comprising eight experts from India formed the panel. Relevant clinical questions within three major domains were formulated for presentation and discussion: (1) burden and factors contributing to dehydration in hospitalized patients; (2) assessment of fluid and electrolyte losses and increased energy requirements in hospitalized patients; and (3) management of FEE deficits in hospitalized patients [at admission, during intravenous (IV) therapy, IV to oral de-escalation, and discharge]. The consensus level was classified into agreement (mean score ≥4), no consensus (mean score <4), and exclusion (mean score <4 after the third round of discussion). The questions that lacked agreement were discussed during the virtual meeting. The experts agreed that the most common factors contributing to dehydration in patients with NDI hospitalized in IPDs include decreased oral fluid intake, increased fluid loss due to the illness, insensible fluid loss, and a lack of awareness among doctors about dehydration, which can result in poor fluid intake. Time constraints, discontinuity of care, lack of awareness of the principles of fluid balance, lack of formal procedures for enforcing hydration schemes, and lack of adequate training are most often barriers to the assessment of hydration status in hospital settings. Experts used hydration biomarkers, such as changes in body weight, serum, or plasma osmolality; fluid intake; and fluid balance charts; along with urine output, frequency, quantity, and color, to determine hydration status in hospital settings. Experts agreed that appropriate FEE supplementation in the form of ready-to-drink (RTD) fluids can restore FEE deficits and shorten the length of hospital stays in hospitalized patients at admission, during de-escalation from IV to oral therapy, and at discharge. RTD electrolyte solutions with known concentrations of electrolytes and energy are good choices to avoid taste fatigue and replenish FEE in hospitalized patients during transition care and at discharge.

A NEW PARADIGM OF DOCTOR-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP, DIGNIFIED JUSTICE PERSPECTIVE

The relationship between doctor and patients is highly personal, based on the patients trust in the doctor. However, , it is not uncommon for this doctor-patient relationship to give rise to conflicts, disputes, and even legal claims and demands against doctors. Throughout history, the doctor-patient relationship has evolved through three models: thethe Activity-Passivity Relation, Guidance-Cooperation, and Mutual Participation. From the perspective of Dignified Justice, both the Activity-Passivity (Paternalistic) and Guidance-Cooperation models are not aligned with the Principles of Equality, the Principle of Balance between Rights and Responsibilities. They are contrary to the goal of humanizing individuals (ngewongkewong). The model of Mutual Participation is considered the optimal phase of the relationship, where doctors and patients are on an equal footing and bound by the principles of contract law, known as the Therapeutic Contract. However, this model falls short of the Principles of Moral Justice, the Principles of Spiritual Justice, and the fundamental principles of Dignified Justice that elevate intellect, creativity, and empathy as the highest drivers of the doctor-patient. We propose a new paradigm for this relationship, emphasizing humanity, justice, respect for moral and ethical norms, a familial bond, virtue, and spirituality. This model embodies the Dignified Justice of a Relationship.

Predicting distribution of aeolian vibration amplitude of undamped overhead transmission lines

The most widely accepted estimation procedure of the severity of aeolian vibration is by calculating the maximum oscillation amplitudes of the conductor using Energy Balance Principle (EBP). However, the EBP is based on wind tunnel results where only one frequency is excited, while observations and experimental results show that multiple resonant modes are excited simultaneously. Furthermore, the required number of cycles of each amplitude level is not provided by current EBP-based methods. In this paper, vibration data from an experimental undamped ACSR Bersfort test line in Quebec, Canada, is recorded and analyzed. For each record of aeolian vibrations, amplitudes are fitted to a Rayleigh distribution based on the narrow-band assumption. The number of cycles and Rayleigh parameter are then related to wind conditions through a modified Strouhal frequency and EBP methodology. A statistical model is proposed to relate vibration profiles and wind input while considering wind turbulence intensity. The proposed method performs well and gives accurate estimates of both vibration amplitudes and number of cycles for ACSR Bersfort conductor. Physical and statistical theory is provided for each step of the method in order to extend the application of the method to other types of conductors or different line configurations.

Robust Algorithms for the Analysis of Fast-Field-Cycling Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Dispersion Curves

Fast-Field-Cycling (FFC) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxometry is a powerful, non-destructive magnetic resonance technique that enables, among other things, the investigation of slow molecular dynamics at low magnetic field intensities. FFC-NMR relaxometry measurements provide insight into molecular motion across various timescales within a single experiment. This study focuses on a model-free approach, representing the NMRD profile R1 as a linear combination of Lorentzian functions, thereby addressing the challenges of fitting data within an ill-conditioned linear least-squares framework. Tackling this problem, we present a comprehensive review and experimental validation of three regularization approaches to implement the model-free approach to analyzing NMRD profiles. These include (1) MF-UPen, utilizing locally adapted L2 regularization; (2) MF-L1, based on L1 penalties; and (3) a hybrid approach combining locally adapted L2 and global L1 penalties. Each method’s regularization parameters are determined automatically according to the Balancing and Uniform Penalty principles. Our contributions include the implementation and experimental validation of the MF-UPen and MF-MUPen algorithms, and the development of a “dispersion analysis” technique to assess the existence range of the estimated parameters. The objective of this work is to delineate the variance in fit quality and correlation time distribution yielded by each algorithm, thus broadening the set of software tools for the analysis of sample structures in FFC-NMR studies. The findings underline the efficacy and applicability of these algorithms in the analysis of NMRD profiles from samples representing different potential scenarios.

Study of 113In(α, α) elastic scattering to determine α-optical potential relevant for astrophysical γ-process

Abstract The α-optical potential is one of the key input parameters used to measure the reaction rate of the (γ, α)-process using the Hauser-Feshbach statistical model and the principle of detailed balance. α-elastic scattering experiment on 113In p-nucleus was carried out in the energy range E lab = 26−32 MeV. The vacuum evaporation technique was used to prepare the 113In target (∼86 μg cm−2). An energy-dependent local optical potential parameters set was obtained by analysing the experimental elastic scattering angular distribution data. The local potential parameters are extrapolated for lower energies and are used to calculate the 113In(α, γ) reaction cross-section.

Etika Bisnis Islam: Pendekatan Siklus Ekonomi dan Praktik Bisnis Syariah dalam Ekspansi Waralaba Industri Retail

In this era of globalization, franchise expansion has become one of the main strategies for the growth of the retail industry. However, in a business context governed by Islamic principles, the concept of business ethics becomes increasingly relevant. This article explores the role of Islamic Business Ethics in the context of franchise expansion in the retail industry, with a focus on economic cycles and sharia business practices. Through a literature review, this article describes how Islamic business ethical values can direct franchise expansion steps, manage risks in fluctuating economic cycles, and implement sharia business practices that are in accordance with Islamic principles. This research discusses the implications of Islamic business ethics in strengthening the foundations of sustainability and long-term success for the retail industry which focuses on the principles of justice, social responsibility and economic balance. The research results show that the application of Islamic business ethics in franchise expansion in the retail industry can improve business performance, strengthen consumer trust, and promote business sustainability. This research highlights the importance of understanding and applying the principles of Islamic business ethics in the context of modern business, especially in the retail industry.

Pengaruh Direct Marketing terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada Live Streaming Tiktok dengan Kepercayaan sebagai Variabel Moderasi dalam Perspektif Bisnis Islam

The development of the times is constantly changing, marked by the existence of various applications that have online promotion and sales features. competition in online sales is getting tighter, making online business people look for the right strategy to market their products, such as in the TikTok strategy application so that consumers are easy to make a purchasing decision, namely with its latest feature, namely live streaming, which can be seen from direct marketing and trust. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of direct marketing on purchasing decisions with trust as a moderating variable in an Islamic business perspective. This research uses quantitative methods. Data collection techniques in literature review, questionnaires and Likert scales. The population used in this study is generation z in Bandar Lampung City. Sampling in this study using purposive sampling technique. The number of samples used, determined by the formula according to Widianto, amounted to 97 respondents. The data analysis method uses Partial Last Scructural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and data processing using smartPLS software. The results of this study indicate that there is a positive and significant influence between direct marketing on purchasing decisions. And trust does not moderate the relationship between direct marketing and purchasing decisions. In the perspective of Islamic business direct marketing on purchasing decisions on live streaming tiktok has implemented the principles of Islamic business ethics, including unity, balance, free will, responsibility, and benevolence so that it is something that Muslim business people need to pay attention to.

A centroid measurement method of large components for active compliant assembly

In the active compliant assembly system of large components, the centroid parameter is an important factor affecting the dynamic model of the attitude adjustment mechanism. This paper proposes a novel automatic centroid measurement method. Firstly, the contact force calculation method between large components during active compliant assembly was described, and the impact of the centroid of large components on the accuracy of the contact force calculation was analyzed. Secondly, based on the principles of torque balance and rigid body rotation, a novel centroid calculation model considering lateral forces is established, and RANSAC is used to optimize the centroid solution. Then, numerical simulation methods were used to analyze the impact of random errors and weighing strategies on the centroid measurement accuracy, and suggestions were given to improve the centroid measurement accuracy. Finally, a compliant assembly system for large component was built in the laboratory, and centroid measurement and accuracy verification experiments were conducted. The experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the accuracy of centroid measurement and can effectively reduce the contact force calculation error during the compliant assembly process of large components.

Optical fractional solitonic structures to decoupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation arising in dual-core optical fibers

This paper explores a specific class of equations that model the propagation of optical pulses in dual-core optical fibers. The decoupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation with properties of M fractional derivatives is considered as the governing equation. The proposed model consists of group-velocity mismatch and dispersion, nonlinear refractive index and linear coupling coefficient. Different types of solutions, including mixed, dark, singular, bright-dark, bright, complex and combined solitons are extracted by using the integration methods known as fractional modified Sardar subequation method and modified F-expansion method. Optical soliton propagation in optical fibers is currently a subject of great interest due to the multiple prospects for ultrafast signal routing systems and short light pulses in communications. In nonlinear dispersive media, optical solitons are stretched electromagnetic waves that maintain their intensity due to a balance between the effects of dispersion and nonlinearity. Furthermore, hyperbolic, periodic and exponential solutions are generated. A fractional complex transformation is applied to reduce the governing model into the ordinary differential equation and then by the assistance of balance principle the methods are used, depending upon the balance number. Also, we plot the different graphs with the associated parameter values to visualize the solutions behaviours with different parameter values. The findings of this work will help to identify and clarify some novel soliton solutions and it is expected that the solutions obtained will play a vital role in the fields of physics and engineering.

Patterns of eating behaviors, physical activity, and lifestyle modifications among Bangladeshi adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background Several safety measures like movement restrictions, closure of educational institutions, and social distancing measures continue over the world including Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to examine the patterns of eating behaviors, physical activity, and lifestyle modifications among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic residing in Bangladesh. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed among 490 adolescents in Bangladesh from December 2020 to May 2021. The survey was carried out through a semi-structured web-based questionnaire that asked questions about socio-demographics (i.e., age, sex, marital status, education, residence), perceived health status and quality of life, anthropometrics (i.e., height, weight), dietary habits (i.e., frequency of eating, daily intake of certain foods, number of meals eaten daily), and physical activity (i.e., modified version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form [IPAQ-SF]), as well as, pre- and during COVID-19 information on stress, and sleep. Results During the pandemic, 43.7% participants reported weight gain; and 23.5% reported an increased number of meals per day during COVID-19. Additionally, the participants’ eating habits diverged from the local balanced diet principles and were more akin to ‘unhealthy’ eating patterns. Though, during the COVID-19 pandemic, physical exercise slightly increased (&gt;3 times/ week: 8.2% vs. 13.5%; p&lt;0.001) compared to pre-COVID-19 period, the screen time for entertainment increased drastically (&gt;5 hours/ week: 12.2% vs. 27.3%; p&lt;0.001). Compared to the pre-pandemic, a sizeable proportion of individuals experienced more physical tiredness, emotional exhaustion, irritation, and stress (p&lt;0.001) during the pandemic. During the pandemic, 47.5% of participants experienced different sleep difficulties. Conclusions Although lockdowns and social distancing are important safety measures to protect people from COVID-19, findings reveal that they might cause a variety of lifestyle changes, physical inactivity, and psychological issues in Bangladeshi adolescents.

A Couple of Fresh New Perspectives on the Concatenation Model with Power-Law of Self-Phase Modulation

In this paper, we have secured new optical solitons for the concatenation model with power-law nonlinearity. The traveling wave hypothesis serves as the starting point. To retrieve optical soliton solutions, we have implemented two powerful techniques into the model: the Sardar Sub-Equation Method (SSEM) and the Tanh-Coth method. For power-law nonlinearity, we derived through the balancing principle that solitons would exist for different values of the power-law parameter. Therefore, we have secured a large variety of new soliton solutions for the model. This paper derives dark, bright, and singular soliton solutions for the value of n, as the first case was already covered in a previous report dedicated to addressing the model with Kerr law nonlinearity. Lastly, all the parametric existence conditions of the solitons and all solutions have been constructed.

Use of rational approximations for phonon density of states in evaluation of neutron thermal scattering law

We propose and explore a new analytical formulation for evaluation of Thermal Scattering Law (TSL) using continuous phonon spectra for neutron inelastic scattering. It involves approximating Phonon Density of States (PDOS) in terms of rational approximations in energy transfer. Debye Waller coefficient calculated with these forms are in reasonable agreement with LEAPR calculated values. TSL can be expanded as a power series, each term of which can be integrated analytically. The method leads to TSL being a series of exponential cosine integrals which again have closed rational forms in energy transfer. Their shapes are analogous to asymmetric resonance line shapes and show maxima for certain values of energy transfer which could correspond to phonon emission or absorption. The series is shown to be convergent and easy to compute as it does not involve any numerical integration. The approach is applied to Beryllium metal and Graphite which have vastly different PDOS shapes, and is shown to be capable of giving most of the trends shown by TSL and cross section results from NJOY nuclear code processing system, even with smaller number of power series terms. Since TSL can be calculated for both negative and positive energy transfer with equal ease, one can easily check for the validity of the approximation obeying Principle of Detailed Balance (PDB). The results overall have shown promise of our formulation in making a case for rapid calculations of TSL and also for using the rational forms in energy transfer for analysis of experimental/calculated PDOS data.

Evaluation of underground gas storage capacity in the depleted gas reservoir with water evaporation and salt precipitation

Water evaporation and salt precipitation will occur in gas reservoirs and underground gas storage (UGS) with high-salinity formation water during production and operation. This phenomenon seriously affects the efficient and safe operation and gas storage capacity. This work focuses on quantitatively evaluating the UGS capacity based on depleted gas reservoirs considering water evaporation and salt precipitation. The core flooding experiments are conducted to analyze the influence of water evaporation and salt precipitation on rock properties under different water salinity during multi-cycle injection-production. A numerical model considering water evaporation is established to determine the salt precipitation radius around the gas well. According to the experimental and simulation results, a new analytical model is developed to calculate the underground natural gas storage capacity based on material balance principles. The field case study is presented to show the practical potential of the established model. Both formation porosity and permeability in near-well region may be finally improved by water evaporation and salt precipitation under irreducible water condition. In the presence of movable-water, formation porosity and permeability of the near-well region may be firstly improved and finally reduced due to continuous salt precipitation in porous media. Salt-precipitation radius achieves 28.5 m after ten cycles. The UGS capacity is 101.11 × 108 m3 without considering salt precipitation, 1.11% higher than original geological reserves. The UGS capacity considering both irreducible-water evaporation and salt precipitation is 101.03 × 108 m3. However, when the moveable-water evaporation volume increases to 15Virr, the final UGS capacity is further decreased to 98.55 × 108 m3. The UGS capacity has decreased by 0.82%, 1.64%, and 2.45% compared with irreducible water. The continuous evaporation of movable water and salt deposition will reduce the gas storage capacity and cause damage to the UGS. This work provides an effective method to investigate the quantitative impact of water evaporation and salt precipitation on UGS capacity.

The Role of High Religious Courts in The Bengkulu Area in Safeguarding Children's Interests Regarding Post-Divorce Living Expenses and Civil Rights

This research aims to examine the legal process carried out by the Bengkulu Religious High Court in ensuring the living expenses of children after their parents' divorce. This study is qualitative research with a normative legal approach. Primary data comes from laws, court decisions related to children's rights post-divorce, and children's civil rights, while secondary data is obtained from books, online media, and journals with the same relevance. In exercising its authority, the Bengkulu Religious High Court prioritizes the principle of justice by maintaining the interests of the child, as well as the principles of balance and proportionality. However, there are several challenges such as the lack of public understanding of children's rights and obstacles in the implementation of Religious High Court decisions regarding the enforcement of children's civil rights. More intensive efforts are needed to provide the public with an understanding of children's rights and to improve the quality of enforcement of Religious High Court decisions to ensure optimal protection of the child's interests following their parents' divorce.

ANALISIS PERILAKU EKONOMI RUMAH TANGGA PETANI JAGUNG DI DESA BANYUBANG BERDASARKAN PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM

The research aims to understand the economic behavior of farmer households based on Islamic economic views. So that it can provide a broader perspective on how to address economic problems, especially in rural areas by considering the principles of justice, sustainability, and balance between worldly and spiritual needs. Quantitative methods with descriptive analysis and average difference tests as analytical tools. The analysis results show that the economic behavior of farmer households in Banyubang village in terms of income comes mostly from corn production, around 37% of farmers have off-farm income and 29% of farmers have non-farm income. After testing, the results were obtained that there were differences in the consumption of farmer households in Banyubang Village before and after harvest. The condition of economic behavior of farmer households in Banyubang Village is based on the Islamic economic perspective, it can be seen that farmer households implement production and consumption activities based on Islamic law, such as producing halal goods, using capital free from usury and farmer households in Banyubang Village live economically without being wasteful and allocate income for needs in accordance with Islamic law such as zakat, infaq and shodaqoh.

Understanding and Weakening Photon Recycling in Solar Cells to Approach the Radiative Limit.

Photon recycling plays an important role in the light outcoupling of state-of-the-art solar cells and is considered a necessary condition to achieve the radiative limit of open-circuit voltage (VOC) and efficiency. However, due to the impact of photon recycling on bulk and surface radiation of solar cells being overlooked, experimental demonstrations on the accuracy of existing photon recycling models are scarce and some contrary theoretical results also emerge. Here, the relationship between photon recycling and radiation processes, as well as the corresponding VOC losses of solar cells based on the principle of detailed balance is clarified. It is shown that weakening photon recycling is more effective to boost the device performance than enhancing it, promoting the theoretical efficiencies of solar cells, such as perovskite, Si, and GaAs, to 98.5%, 94.9%, and almost 100% of their radiative limit, respectively. Moreover, weakening photon recycling also helps to maintain higher efficiency when the internal radiative efficiency decreases, which benefits higher device stability. This work provides an in-depth understanding of the role of photon recycling in solar cells and helps to push efficiency to a new limit.

Islamic business ethics of culinary business actors by Pontianak City

As a business actor, the importance of behavior in pursuing the world of business, business ethics or moral values is a critical point that becomes an important handle. Business ethics in Islam here has an orientation to maintain the rules that have been applied in accordance with Islamic sharia and do not approach the nature of greed and selfish behavior. Not a few business actors who do not pay more attention to ethics in the scope of their business activities, the role of ethics here is very important, especially in business transactions in it. This study aims to determine the use of business ethics principles in business activities and their implementation in the form of production results by culinary business actors souvenirs of Pontianak City. By using five principles of business ethics in the form of tawhid principles, balance principles, free will principles, responsibility principles, virtue principles, and this research involved 30 business actors who are Muslim and used Likert scale analysis methods. Based on the results of Likert scale analysis, it shows that business actors have used the principles of Islamic business ethics and implemented the form of products that are produced well so that they can be accepted by the market.

Studi Deskriptif Karya Seni Rupa Berbahn Clay Tepung

This study aims to describe the process of making art works made from clay flour and works of fine art made from clay flour in class IV A SDN 32 Bengkulu City. This type of research is qualitative, with participant observation techniques, and qualitative descriptive method. The research subjects were all students of class IV A 32 elemnetary school in Bengkulu City, totaling 20 students. The research instrument used was a human instrument (the researcher himself), by using observation guidelines and interview guidlines. Data collection techniques in the form of observation, interview, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out during the process of making the work and after the work was finished by referring to the fine arts elements and the principles of fine arts. Research results are (1)the process of making fine works of clay flour begins with preparing the tools and materials used, namely scissors, cutter, small rollers, straw, pins, toothpicks, cutton bud handles, ruler, lighters and painting brushes, followed by the implementation of making works from determining the theme, making shapes out of clay’s flour dough, laying out and arranging the forms that have been made and drying the work. (2) The results of artwork made with flour clay has used the guidelines elements of fine arts and the principles of fine arts, namely the elements of point, lines, fields, shapes, colors, textures and space. Then, the principle of unity, balance, rhythm, emphasis, proportion, and harmony.

Performance of soccer players under acute physical fatigue: An approach based on cognitive, tactical and physical aspects

This study aimed to verify whether peripheral perception, tactical behaviour, and physical performance are influenced by acute physical fatigue in soccer players. The study included 24 trained soccer players (18.6 ± 1.5 years) from two Brazilian clubs. The TSAFT90 test was used to induce acute physical fatigue. The results showed that physical fatigue did not affect peripheral perception (p = 0.360). Regarding tactical behaviour, improved efficiency was observed for the principles of offensive coverage (p = 0.029), width and length with the ball (p = 0.044), and concentration (p = 0.008). On the other hand, a reduction was observed in the number of tactical actions of offensive coverage (p = 0.020) and recovery balance (p = 0.042). Also, improved accuracy in the principles of defensive balance (p = 0.009), recovery balance (p = 0.021) and defensive unity (p = 0.003) occurred under physical fatigue. A reduction in the physical performance outcomes total distance covered (p < 0.001), average speed (p < 0.001), sprints (p = 0.029), number of accelerations (p = 0.008) and decelerations (p = 0.008) were also detected. The internal (p < 0.01) and external (p < 0.01) workload was higher under physical fatigue. Overall, acute physical fatigue did not influence peripheral perception. However, physical performance was reduced under fatigue, the perceived effort increased, and tactical behaviours were affected by decreasing tactical actions performed near the ball, increasing errors in defensive movements in the lateral corridors and the last defensive line, and improving offensive tactical actions performance.