Economic Balance Research Articles

Measuring the impact of the economic balance goals on the economic growth of the Iraqi economy for the period (1990-2023)

Achieving economic balance is a multifaceted and ongoing goal. Its achievement requires effective policy making and strategic investments capable of adapting to changing economic conditions. It is a dynamic goal that governments and policy makers around the world seek to achieve for the benefit of their countries by implementing a set of strategies and plans that will Achieving a more balanced and resilient economy, ultimately leading to greater prosperity and improved quality of life for the community. The research aims to determine the impact of the objectives of economic balance (national income, unemployment rate, inflation rate) on economic growth in the Iraqi economy for the period (1990-2023), and to determine the impact of inflation, unemployment, and national income as objectives of economic balance and how they affect economic growth. The researcher relied on the descriptive analytical method, The study also recommended the need for coordination and harmonization between monetary and financial policy so that there is no contradiction between the goals and the possibility of achieving stability, reducing inflation and unemployment rates, and achieving economic growth through testing the limits of co-integration within the autoregressive methodology of distributed time lag based on the existence of a long-term equilibrium relationship between the rate of economic growth and national income. And the rate of unemployment and inflation, although the decline in economic growth was mainly caused by wrong policies and the state’s control over the overall economic activity and the accompanying mismanagement and the inability to diagnose the effective factors in achieving development and the loss of the standards necessary to make appropriate economic decisions, which was reflected in the overall economic activity and was accompanied by that. High unemployment rates in the Iraqi economy.

Agroecology and Precision Agriculture as Combined Approaches to Increase Field-Scale Crop Resilience and Sustainability

This study coupled precision agriculture with agroecology to improve the agricultural systems’ sustainability in a climate variability context, characterized by fewer rainy days and more extreme events. A three-year comparative analysis was carried out in a durum wheat rotation, divided into two plots of 2.5 ha each, one managed with conventional methods (CP, sunflower as intermediate crop) and another managed with an agroecological approach (AE, field bean as green manure crop), featuring prescription maps for site-specific mineral fertilization. The statistical analysis of durum wheat parameters, soil characteristics, and economic variables was conducted alongside the examination of climatic data. In AE soil, the exchangeable calcium was statistically different from CP soil (6044 mg kg−1 and 5660 mg kg−1, respectively). Cation exchange capacity was significantly higher in AE (32.7 meq 100 g−1), compared to CP (30.9 meq 100 g−1). In AE, wheat yield (2.36 t ha−1) was higher than in CP (2.07 t ha−1), despite extreme rainfall causing flooding in some parts of the AE plot. The economic balance was only 6% in favor of CP (EUR + 2157), confirming the AE approach’s resilience (EUR + 2027), despite the higher costs of cover cropping and site-specific fertilization. The novelty of integration between “smartish” precision agriculture and agroecology allows for sustainable management.

FORMATION OF AN EFFICIENT REGULATORY SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT UNDER CONDITIONS OF INCREASING CHALLENGES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

In modern conditions of increasing challenges of sustainable development, there is a need to create an effective system of regulation of international investment activities that would ensure economic, ecological and social balance. The article examines global flows of foreign direct investment by different groups of countries: a global trend that can be associated with economic difficulties, geopolitical crises, as well as the impact of inflation or global slowdown in production. The article reviews the investments of the TOP-10 largest economies in the world in the energy transition until 2023, as well as the EU-27 and the rest of the world. Solar and wind energy have been found to be leaders among green investments. China, the USA and the EU are actively financing large-scale projects in this area, and the fall in the cost of technology contributes to the rapid implementation of renewable energy sources In the context of this study, monitoring of the rating of countries according to the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) was carried out, which is a tool that helps to assess the success of countries in protecting the environment and achieving sustainable development, and also provides an opportunity to identify problem areas, stimulates transparency in politics and promotes the implementation of effective solutions for global environmental challenges. A general decline in EPI values among leading countries may indicate an increase in global environmental challenges. The improvement of Ukraine's position indicates progress in the implementation of environmental reforms, but the gap with the leading countries remains significant. International investment policy for attracting «green» investments has significant potential to accelerate the transition to sustainable development. The article outlines the prospects of international investment policy for attracting «green» investments; the principles of forming an effective system of regulation of international investment based on the principles of sustainable development (transparency and accountability, integration of environmental standards, protection of the rights of local communities, compliance with international standards) and its elements (development of international regulatory acts, financial incentives, monitoring and reporting mechanism, sanctions for violations) are defined).

Protection of Transindividual Rights In The Face of The Consumer Protection Code

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the protection of transindividual rights according to the Consumer Defense Code, examining the protection of transindividual rights within the scope of the Consumer Defense Code, highlighting its relevance for the formation of a balanced consumer market and the stimulation of citizenship. Theoretical Framework: This study is based on theoretical foundations that deal with transindividual rights and their implementation within the scope of the Consumer Defense Code (CDC). The formation of this set of norms is strongly linked to the progress of consumer law as an independent legal discipline and to the progress of collective protection modalities in the Brazilian legal system. Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises a bibliographic review on the main theme, using research directly related to the theme, with specific exclusion criteria. Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed that it is necessary to protect transindividual rights by specific legislation, considering that the consumer is usually at a disadvantage in consumer relations and the objective is economic balance. These collective demands expand the possibilities of access to justice, as well as bring legal certainty and procedural savings. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of consumer law. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by addressing a relevant topic.

Improving early prediction of crop yield in Spanish olive groves using satellite imagery and machine learning.

In the production sector, the usefulness of predictive systems as a tool for management and decision-making is well known. In the agricultural sector, a correct economic balance of the farm depends on making the right decisions. For this purpose, having information in advance on crop yields is an extraordinary help. Numerous predictive models infer accurate crop yield data from aerobiological variables and pollen analysis; this is around spring, in the middle stage of the crop year, when planning and investments are already done. The aim of this study is to anticipate accurate crop yield data at an early stage of the cropping season. In the case of olive groves in Spain, this period is in February. This work is developed for an entire province, Jaen, belonging to the region of Andalusia, in Southern Spain. The methodology uses Machine Learning algorithms together with an exhaustive analysis of predictor variables. Temporal data come from public web services, such as spatial data infrastructures of some state agencies. The processing of the satellite imagery is carried out by the geospatial processing service Google Earth Engine. The result is the early prediction of kilograms of both olive crop and olive oil, eight months prior to the beginning of the first harvesting campaigns of the year, with an average absolute error of prediction better than 26%. The relevance of this work is the early availability of predicted crop yield data together with the multi-scale applicability of the predictive models. This makes this model a useful tool for all the agents involved in olive grove management. From farmers, to agricultural technicians, researchers and scientists dedicated to the study of the olive tree, to governmental institutions and agricultural associations that provide technical support, advice and regulation to ensure responsible practices and the long-term viability of the olive industry.

Gender Dynamics and Non-Farm Income Diversification: A Quantitative Study in Rural Pakistan

Talents other than farm for income distribution are a vital strategy for socio-economic resilience in rural households, particularly in developing countries like Pakistan. The paper inspects gendered participation in non-farm projects and their impact on domestic welfare. The primary data has 290 rural households with 54.79% dependents, this is quantitative research which implements statistical analysis, visual highlights and linear regression model to assess determinants and income disparities. The paper is based on query How gender disparities in income contributions and access to resources effect households in Pakistan? Pakistan is enriched with patriarchal society, where men have been destined to opportunities for economic development since ages. On the other hand, women are largely confined to domestic roles. Despite this, women in small and medium-sized enterprises are found of having strong decision-making abilities and righteous contributions to household income. Rural women face lots of challenges, some include access constraints to education, finances, and entrepreneurial training. Empowering women and enhancing their participation in non-farm activities is essential to creating a balanced economy where both men and women contribute effectively to national development. Since 2006, Pakistan has increased gender parity by 0.5%. However, Southern Asia collectively got 63.4% of it.

The Concept of Economic Balance in the Quran: An Interpretation of the Verse Prohibiting Exploitation

This study aims to explore the concept of economic equilibrium in the Qur'an, focusing on the interpretation of verses prohibiting exploitation, such as exploitation, oppression in trade, and the obligation to act justly. The research employs a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach through a literature study, with primary data consisting of relevant Qur'anic verses (QS. Al-Baqarah: 275-279, QS. Al- Mutaffifin : 1-3, QS. An-Nisa : 135) analyzed using authoritative interpretations. The findings indicate that the Qur'anic prohibition of exploitation not only provides moral guidance but also practical solutions to address modern economic inequalities, such as prohibitions on exploitative exploitation, market manipulation, and hoarding. The concept of economic equilibrium in the Qur'an emphasizes justice, equitable wealth distribution, and social responsibility. This study concludes that Islamic economic values based on Qur'anic teachings offer effective solutions to global economic challenges by creating a fairer, sustainable, and Sharia-compliant economic system.

Economic Balancing and China–United States Financial Ties

This paper develops the concept of economic balancing, a strategy whereby a state leverages economic policies to surpass a peer competitor. I argue that economic balancing is more likely to occur when a state identifies the economic power of a peer competitor as both an economic and military threat. Identifying a dual threat allows policymakers to link economic development and international security. This linkage, in turn, allows policymakers to build coalitions across bureaucracies, coordinate policy interventions, and obtain autonomy from competing domestic interests. Under these conditions, states can carry out the policy and institutional changes in the domestic economy necessary to pursue an economic balancing strategy. I demonstrate the argument’s plausibility with in-depth case studies of foreign direct management by China and the United States.

Free autonomy renewable trade markets for government independence and carbon neutrality transitions with grid-demand-storage synergies

<p>Along with the gradual phase-out of fossil-fuels, technology readiness and cost decline of renewable energy technologies and battery storages can bring new prospects for renewable energy trading market and extensive power-sector decarbonization. Renewable energy trading market has rapidly transformed from traditional grid-based transactions towards future direct free trading with multi-stakeholders. However, the direct free trading market for sustainable development of renewable energy systems is unclear, in terms of establishment conditions, increased profit margin and promotion initiatives. In this study, free trading markets with spontaneous renewable system installations among stakeholders instead of government are proposed for spatiotemporal energy and economic balances with different types of buildings and electric vehicles (EVs). For the centralized renewable energy system, it is proposed based on energy transmission and energy trading between centralized PV farms and consumers. Besides, free trading market in the distributed renewable energy system is also established between EV owners and prosumers with flexible energy management strategies (i.e. EV energy sharing, and EV battery cascade utilization). Roles of EVs under vehicle-to-everything (V2X) with different charging/discharging modes are analysed considering the trade-off between additional expenditures on EV battery cycling aging costs and additional economic profits for economic feasibility and carbon emission reduction for environmental sustainability based on dynamic energy trading mechanism and associated cost decline. The results suggest that, due to the rapid decline in the costs of both renewables and batteries, along with the increased penetration of renewable energy in centralized systems, the free-market trading model could become widely accepted by 2060. Due to the rapid decrease of battery cost and increase in grid price, the EV owners will transit from cost payers to economic earners, along with the levelized cost of charging (LCOC) with EV energy sharing decreases from 2.24 CNY/kWh in 2020 to -1.27 CNY/kWh in 2060. Furthermore, retired EV battery cascade utilization in building energy storages can reduce the levelized electricity cost (LEC) of residential building owners. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into dynamic evolutions of free trading markets on renewable energy which significantly encourages spontaneous renewable investments and trading behaviours for the sustainable renewable energy deployment.</p>

Analysis of Ecotourism Strategy in Alas Purwo National Park Towards Balanced Tourism

Abstract This study aims to analyse the development of a balanced-tourism strategy in Alas Purwo National Park in Banyuwangi, Indonesia. Ecotourism is often used as a strategy towards balanced-tourism, although in practice the economic motive (tourism) is more dominant than the conservation motive (ecology) itself. This raises the question of whether ecotourism is the right way to achieve balanced-tourism in national parks. The research method used is qualitative, starting with field observations, in-depth interviews with managers, local government (tourism office), and visitors. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews and focused discussions with relevant stakeholders. Data analysis was conducted systematically from data collection, data reduction, interpretation, and conclusion drawing, borrowing the Miles and Huberman framework. The results concluded that there is a need for institutional strengthening related to the achievement of a balanced-tourism strategy pursued through ecotourism. Maintaining ecological, economic and social balance is an important thing that can be achieved through cooperation with residents around the national park area, as well as increasing awareness of tourists who will enter the national park area.

The Role of Green Finance in Harmonizing Economic and Environmental Goals: A Moroccan Perspective

Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between green finance and sustainable development in Morocco, focusing on its dual impact on economic growth and environmental preservation during the 2016–2022 perio[1]d. Theoretical Framework: The research is grounded in the theoretical frameworks of green growth and sustainable development, emphasizing the synergies between economic prosperity and environmental sustainability. The concepts of renewable energy consumption and green finance as catalysts for economic and ecological balance are central to the study. Method: A quantitative approach was adopted, employing a correlation matrix and the Granger causality test to analyze the interplay between green finance, GDP growth, and CO2 emissions. Data from 2016 to 2022 were used, capturing Morocco’s progress in renewable energy adoption and green finance initiatives. Results and Discussion: The findings highlight a significant positive correlation between renewable energy consumption, green finance, and economic growth, alongsFDI a reduction in CO2 emissions. The results underscore the strategic importance of green finance in fostering sustainable growth while mitigating environmental impacts. The discussion contextualizes these findings within Morocco’s sustainability agenda, emphasizing the potential for green finance to drive ecological and economic transformation in other emerging economies. Research Implications: This study provFDIs practical insights for policymakers and stakeholders, advocating for expanded green finance frameworks and renewable energy integration to support sustainable development. Originality/Value: By addressing the empirical gap in linking green finance with economic and environmental outcomes, this research contributes tothe literature and offers a roadmap for leveraging financial systems to achieve green growth.

STANDARISASI KUALITAS DAN HARGA BERAS DIKOTA LANGSA ACEH

The instability of rice prices can affect the purchasing power of the community and disrupt social and economic balance. This study aims to examine rice pricing in Kota Langsa, focusing on quality standardization, the application of the Mabi’ concept in Islamic jurisprudence (fiqih muamalah), and its relevance to Peraturan Badan Pangan Nasional No. 2 Tahun 2023 (National Food Agency Regulation No. 2 of 2023). The research employs a socio-legal approach with descriptive analysis, utilizing primary data from interviews and secondary data from related documentation. The findings reveal that rice quality is the main factor in price determination, aligning with the Mabi’ concept, which emphasizes clarity of goods to ensure fair and transparent transactions. Quality standardization based on government regulations ensures that products meet predetermined quality criteria. Additionally, factors such as production costs, distribution, and fluctuations in rice paddy prices also influence price dynamics. This study concludes that the integration of the Mabi’ principle, government regulations, and a healthy market mechanism can create fair rice price stability, benefiting both consumers and producers while supporting the sustainability of the national food system.

Kebijakan Moneter dalam Perspektif Islam

Monetary work in the context of Islamic economics which considers social justice and fraternity, in Islamic economics, monetary work does not only focus on supply and demand for money, it is also focused on the principles of fair trade and inclusion. Irnir is based on a conventional approach that often only considers price stabilization and economic growth. In the context of economics, monetary work in Islamic economics is intended to create economic stability in a way that considers the distribution of wealth and income in a balanced manner I'm here. This is not an important thing to prevent economic imbalances that can disrupt the social and economic balance in society. An artillery analysis methodology that uses a qualitative analysis approach with an integrated analytical analysis method helps to explain scientific concepts in depth. Derscrirptirf analysis allows authors to describe and explain the phenomena or concepts of dertairl based on the findings of the analysis. By implementing monetary work that takes into account the inequalities of justice and brotherhood, it is hoped that a country's economy can achieve stability sustainable paper, by considering the balance between circulating money and the number of goods and services available. Disbalance in environmental matters can cause serious economic disruptions. Jadir, it is important to understand that in an Islamic economic context, monetary work is not only about traditional macroeconomic stability, it is also about creating conditions that support social and economic stability the wider one

Juridical Analysis of Supreme Court Decision No. 321 K/Pdt/2017: Implications of Name Borrowing Agreement for Land Ownership by Foreigners

This research examines Supreme Court Decision No. 321 K/Pdt/2017 which deals with name borrowing agreements for land ownership by foreigners in Indonesia. In the context of increasing foreign investment, the practice of name borrowing is often a solution for foreigners to circumvent the prohibition on land ownership, but it also poses various legal challenges. Through a normative analytical descriptive juridical approach, this study analyzes the substance of the decision, the legal risks for the parties involved, and the social and economic implications of this practice. The results of the analysis show that name loan agreements are not legally recognized and are potentially null and void, resulting in legal uncertainty and conflicts that harm both foreigners and Indonesian citizens. The research also highlights that the absence of legal protection for the parties can result in financial and reputational losses. Overall, the findings indicate the need for policy reformulation and stricter regulations to govern land ownership by foreigners in Indonesia, in order to maintain social and economic balance and encourage sustainable investment development.

Directions for improving the migration policy of the European Union in matters of migrant integration

The article is devoted to the analysis of current directions of improvement of the European Union’s migration policy in the context of immigrant integration, in particular, in the context of growing migration flows to Europe. Authors note that there are problems in building migration policy due to the fragmentation of its regulatory mechanisms. The emphasis is placed on the need for a systematic approach to solving problems related to the integration of immigrants that affect the social stability and economic balance of the EU Member States. The main challenges faced by both immigrants and host countries are considered: cultural isolation, formation of parallel communities, economic vulnerability of migrants, discrimination, illegal migration and social conflicts. The provisions of the Pact on Migration and Asylum, as well as the Action Plan on Integration and Inclusion for 2021–2027, which develops the provisions of the Pact, are analyzed. Special attention is paid to measures and recommendations aimed at promoting the integration of migrants and strengthening social cohesion in the EU countries. Authors examine the provisions of the Pact that provide for “solidarity cooperation” between Member States, including mechanisms for the redistribution of migrants, financial compensation and technical assistance for first-receiving states, in particular through the standardization of admission conditions. Further areas for improving integration policy are suggested, such as improving mechanisms for recognizing professional qualifications, increasing access to educational and language programs, combating discrimination, and strengthening the decentralization of integration measures. According to the authors, despite the fact that the EU does not have the competence to legislate in this area, the Action Plan can be a decisive push on the way to the effective integration of immigrants, where social cohesion, economic stability and security in the EU will be key elements, and further reforms in this area will help overcome the current challenges of the migration crisis.

IMPLEMENTATION OF MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION ALGORITHM IN PREDICTING RED CHILI PRICES IN GARUT REGENCY

Vegetables, including red chili peppers, play an important role in food and economic balance. Significant price fluctuations and inflation are often problems for farmers and traders. Garut Regency, as the center of red chili production in West Java, faces similar challenges. This research aims to implement a Multiple Linear Regression algorithm to predict the price of red chili peppers in the Garut Regency, highlighting the novelty of using a combination of One Hot Encoding, Feature Engineering, Standard Scaler, and Hyperparameter Tuning techniques. The method used is CRISP-DM with 6 stages: Business Understanding, Data Understanding, Data Preparation, Modeling, Evaluation, and Deployment. The data used is the price and production of red chili peppers per week in 2018-2023, with a total of 702 records. This research involved 8 trials with data transformation and normalization scenarios. The model evaluation used MSE, RMSE, MAPE, R-squared, and statistical hypothesis testing metrics. Results showed 5 significantly influential attributes: year, month, production, net harvested area, and productivity. The best model yielded MSE 202,134,650, RMSE 14,217, MAPE 29.16%, and R-squared 0.320. This approach is simpler yet effective and is able to provide fairly accurate predictions. This research is expected to contribute to providing predictive models that help farmers and traders anticipate price fluctuations, as well as provide insights for policymakers in price management.

Unlocking the mysteries of drought: integrating snowmelt dynamics into drought analysis at the Narayani River Basin, Nepal

AbstractDrought is among the most impactful natural hazards, undermining water security, agriculture, and livelihoods worldwide. Analysing droughts in large catchments presents several unique challenges, primarily related to the complexity of land surface characteristics and data availability limitations. Conducting drought analysis in the Narayani River Basin, which encompasses a vast area within the Himalayan region of Nepal, is extremely challenging but crucial for maintaining the river basin's social, economic, and environmental balance. In response, this study develops a new combined drought index (CDI), integrating satellite-based reanalysis parameters [i.e., Land Surface Temperature (LST), Snow Cover (SC), and Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)] with a meteorological parameter [i.e., Standardised Precipitation (std_prec)]. The novel CDI was applied at the Narayani Basin to assess the droughts over the 2004–2013 period, and the results were independently evaluated using streamflow observations to validate the accuracy of the novel drought index. The principal component analysis (PCA) technique was used to determine the contribution of input parameters to the multivariate drought index. The PCA results show a strong positive correlation (0.78) between the CDI and standardised streamflow, indicating the effectiveness of the novel index in monitoring drought conditions. Accordingly, it can be concluded that surface water availability is interdependent on landscape characteristics, such as LST, SC, and NDVI, in addition to the effects of precipitation. Also, the novel CDI can identify the specific drought-affected areas in the Narayani River Basin, offering insights into its drought characteristics beyond traditional drought assessment techniques.

Portrayals of Chinese companies in American and British economic news tweets during China’s macroeconomic transitions 2007–2023

This study investigates how Chinese companies are portrayed in American and British economic news tweets, as well as their relationship to Chinese economic fluctuations. The analysis included a corpus of 55,394 tweets (934,155 words) from well-known media outlets between 2007 and 2023. It also incorporated China’s quarterly Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and monthly Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) to contextualise the tweets in terms of their actual economic performance. Using van Dijk’s ingroup and outgroup ideologies, this project examined the ideological depiction through sentiments and emotions. RoBERTa-based transformer models were used to analyse sentiments and emotions, whereas Large Language Models (LLMs) were used for evaluative target annotation. Positive and negative sentiments were found to be significantly (p < 0.01) correlated with China’s macroeconomic indices. The representation of Chinese companies trended between ingroup and outgroup portrayals. Positive sentiment diminished as the economy transitioned from expansion to contraction, while negative sentiment increased. American news tweets were most positive during economic balance and most negative during downturns, while British news tweets were most positive during stability or early recovery and most negative when a downturn was predicted. As the economy shifted from growth to decline, positive sentiment emphasised corporate external opportunities alongside corporate strengths, with both evaluative targets reinforcing ingroup representation. Negative sentiment shifted from corporate weaknesses to contextual threats, both strengthening outgroup representation. Moreover, certain emotions had a significant (p < 0.0001) influence on sentiment swings and ideological transitions. These findings emphasise how economic changes and journalistic factors influence the ideological representation of Chinese firms in economic news on social media.

Construction and Empirical Research of an Evaluation System for High-Quality Development of Small Towns in Guangxi Under the New Development Concept

The high-quality development of small towns in Guangxi is crucial for regional economic balance and sustainable development. This research conducts an in-depth exploration and systematic construction and validation analysis of the high-quality development of small towns in Guangxi. Guided by the new development concepts of innovation, coordination, green, openness, and sharing, a comprehensive evaluation system is established to assess the development levels of 70 small towns from 2005 to 2022. The research findings are as follows: 1. The analysis revealed significant growth in these dimensions over the study period, highlighting the unique characteristics of different types of small towns. 2. It was observed that small towns in southeastern Guangxi generally demonstrated higher development levels, while those in the northwestern regions exhibited considerable disparities, indicating regional imbalances. 3. The overall gap in the high-quality development level of small towns is gradually narrowing, but the difference is still relatively significant. 4. The findings underscore the advantages of the evaluation system developed, which effectively captures the multidimensional nature of high-quality development and serves as a robust framework for future research.

QALBAKILASHTIRILGAN HUJJATLARNI VA QIMMATLI QOGʻOZLARNI ANIQLASHDA EʻTIBOR BERILISHI ZARUR BOʻLGAN JIHATLAR

This article highlights the aspects that need to be identified in cases of document forgery and securities forgery. Crimes related to forgery of documents and counterfeiting of securities are among the most common crimes in modern times. As technological innovation increases, so do the possibilities of its use. Especially in modern times, despite the high level of security that preserves the authenticity of documents, there are ways to forge them due to technology. The study of the crime of forgery of documents is extremely relevant not only in terms of the social danger of this situation, but also in terms of its harm to both the individual and the state. Crimes related to counterfeiting securities undermine the state's economic policy and, at the same time, disrupt the economic balance, leading to an increase in excess money and other securities in the state. The article presents current aspects of foreign practice in addressing the aforementioned problems. It also describes international methods for identifying forged documents and money, which are currently common. The rapid development of society requires the application of methods that meet modern requirements in all spheres, from state policy to the lowest level of the management system. It is important to study the methods and techniques that need to be considered when identifying securities, and to implement them in practice.