Viewpoint Of Balance Research Articles

Preservice ethics teachers’ perceptions of AI ethics education

ABSTRACT In the ever-evolving landscape of AI, moral educators play a crucial role in promoting the positive development of youth and addressing potential ethical challenges posed by AI. This study employed Q methodology to explore the perceptions of 30 South Korean preservice ethics teachers on AI ethics education, and five distinct perception types emerged: Human-Centered Ethical Guardians of AI, AI Skeptics, AI Abuse Preventers, Competence Cultivators for Coexistence with AI, and AI Social Justice Advocates. These five types encapsulate the distinct gestalt of individuals that intertwines various perceptions regarding AI ethics principles as well as AI technology, the future of the AI era, and the purpose of AI ethics education. By aligning educational approaches with individuals’ perception types, teacher education programs can contribute to a more balanced viewpoint on AI and AI ethics education among preservice teachers.

Analysis of Financial Market Efficiency

This comprehensive study delves into the intricacies of financial market efficiency, anchored around the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) as postulated by Eugene Fama. It scrutinizes the hypothesis across its weak, semi-strong, and strong forms, incorporating a broad spectrum of empirical evidence and theoretical discourse. In light of recent advancements in technology and the increasing complexity of global financial markets, this paper also explores the impact of high-frequency trading, artificial intelligence, and blockchain technology on market efficiency. Through a meticulous examination of both supportive and critical perspectives on the EMH, the analysis extends to consider the implications of market efficiency on investment strategies, portfolio management, and regulatory frameworks. By juxtaposing traditional financial theories with contemporary market phenomena, this study seeks to offer a nuanced understanding of the dynamic interplay between market efficiency, technological innovation, and investor behavior. The ultimate objective is to provide a balanced viewpoint that acknowledges the merits of the EMH while also recognizing the evolving challenges and opportunities within global financial markets.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION: NAVIGATING THE NEXUS OF INNOVATION AND ETHICS FOR FUTURE LEARNING LANDSCAPES

Artificial intelligence (AI) holds the potential to revolutionize teaching and learning methodologies, tackle some of the largest issues facing education today, and hasten the achievement of SDG 4. The revolutionary effects of artificial intelligence (AI) on education are explored in depth in this study paper. Researcher examined the possible advantages, challenges, and ethical issues related to this changing paradigm by examining the incorporation of AI technology in several educational environments. In the present study, researchers have discussed the use of AI in education, focusing on its benefits like personalized learning, data-driven insights, and accessibility. It also discussed the drawbacks, such as data privacy, biases, and ethical issues. This study has also emphasized the importance of accountability, transparency, and justice in AI algorithms. It also discusses future developments in AI-driven education, such as adaptive learning, augmented reality, and the potential of AI to address global education issues. The focus is on promoting a balanced viewpoint and addressing ethical concerns in AI-driven education. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education is a transformative process, offering a wide range of applications from predictive analytics to personalized learning platforms. However, ethical issues like privacy, bias, and transparency must be addressed to ensure responsible AI adoption in the future.

Significance of in situ quantitative membrane property-morphology relation (QmPMR) analysis.

Deformation of the cell membrane is well understood from the viewpoint of protein interactions and free energy balance. However, the various dynamic properties of the membrane, such as lipid packing and hydrophobicity, and their relationship with cell membrane deformation are unknown. Therefore, the deformation of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and oleic acid (OA) giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) was induced by heating and cooling cycles, and time-lapse analysis was conducted based on the membrane hydrophobicity and physical parameters of "single-parent" and "daughter" vesicles. Fluorescence ratiometric analysis by simultaneous dual-wavelength detection revealed the variation of different hydrophilic GUVs and enabled inferences of the "daughter" vesicle composition and the "parent" membrane's local composition during deformation; the "daughter" vesicle composition of OA was lower than that of the "parents", and lateral movement of OA was the primary contributor to the formation of the "daughter" vesicles. Thus, our findings and the newly developed methodology, named in situ quantitative membrane property-morphology relation (QmPMR) analysis, would provide new insights into cell deformation and accelerate research on both deformation and its related events, such as budding and birthing.

Analysis of Russian Narratives Denying the Genocide of the Ukrainian Nation During the War, 2014-2024

Russia's information campaign against Ukraine is multifaceted and open to different interpretations. As a rule, the Russian information campaign is flexible and contextualized, and each narrative has its own style that takes into account all its peculiarities. There is no agreed-upon model that can be used to explain the current narrative of Russia's information war against Ukraine. Instead of hiding information, the Russian Federation often "floods" the media, providing a large amount of information about this or that event, skillfully combining it with disinformation. These media campaigns evoke strong emotions, promote a culture of fear and create panic. Each publication has a certain style of journalism. Some publications maintain a balanced point of view and avoid emotionalism. Others incite hatred against Ukrainians and manipulate public opinion, portraying Ukrainians as puppets of the West, traitors, criminals, fascists, extremists, separatists and other "true patriots". This article analyzes the methods of Russian propaganda in Ukraine. In particular, the main narratives of Russian propaganda are the following: Ukraine is a country that never existed; Ukraine needs regime change; there is a "third Maidan"; Ukraine revives fascist and Nazi practices and is Russophobic; the Ukrainian army is a den of criminals, and NATO soldiers fight on the side of the Ukrainian state; The Russian Federation has nothing to do with the "Ukrainian conflict"; Western countries are trying to destroy Ukraine. Russian mass media disseminate propaganda messages prepared by the Kremlin and present them in a mutually agreed upon form. Today, these practices have become particularly acute. The tactics of Russian propaganda consist in focusing on emotions, creating enemies, biased presentation of information and creating theories without empirical basis to "explain" events.

TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION TO GROWTH OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND FINANCIAL BOOST: A DECADE IN REVIEW (2013-2023)

The study, "Technology and Innovation to Growth of Entrepreneurship and Financial Boost: A Decade in Review (2013-2023)," critically explores the intersectionality of technology, innovation, and entrepreneurship, delineating their collective impact on financial growth and economic enrichment over the past decade. Through an exhaustive examination of empirical data, literature reviews, and holistic case studies, this paper presents a nuanced analysis of the transformation and evolution of the entrepreneurial landscape within the context of the burgeoning advancements in technology and innovation management strategies. The investigative journey commences with an insightful delineation of the objectives and research questions aimed at understanding the multifaceted dynamics between technological proliferation, innovative applications, and entrepreneurial growth. Subsequently, a meticulous review of literature unveils the underpinning theoretical frameworks and foundational concepts, elucidating the symbiotic relationship between technology and entrepreneurship. Concepts such as the diffusion of innovations, disruptive technologies, and stakeholder theory are explored to comprehend the profound impacts on entrepreneurial ventures and their concomitant challenges and opportunities. The study further delves into the empirical exploration of the evolution of the entrepreneurial landscape from 2013 to 2023, offering a granular perspective on the diverse technological trends, market fluctuations, and innovative breakthroughs that have characterized this period. The challenges and risks associated with technology and innovation in entrepreneurial settings are highlighted, including discussions on market competition, technological obsolescence, intellectual property conflicts, and ethical considerations, providing a balanced viewpoint on the manifold aspects of entrepreneurial progression. Diverse real-world case studies of companies such as Tesla Inc., Beyond Meat, Square Inc., and Zoom Video Communications offer tangible manifestations of the intricate interplay between technology, innovation, and entrepreneurship. These cases exemplify the varied approaches and adaptive strategies employed by enterprises to navigate challenges, leverage opportunities, and effectuate significant market transformations and societal impacts. These serves as exemplary models of resilience, adaptability, and visionary leadership in the face of uncertainties and market dynamics. In conclusion, the study synthesizes the gleaned insights to project future directions in entrepreneurship, emphasizing the imperatives of sustainability, inclusivity, and ethical conduct. The study posits that the future of entrepreneurship will be marked by enhanced emphasis on social impact, environmental considerations, and the integration of emerging technologies. The recommendations outlined in the study advocate for strengthened ecosystem support, fostering of collaboration, and promotion of responsible and ethical business practices to cultivate a conducive and equitable entrepreneurial environment. This comprehensive exploration contributes significant insights to the academic discourse on technology, innovation, and entrepreneurship, offering valuable implications for practitioners, policymakers, and academia, thereby enriching the understanding of the dynamic interdependencies between these pivotal domains.
 Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Technology, Innovation, Financial, Economic Growth, Transformation.

Open Book Exams and Flexible Grading Systems: Post-COVID University Policies from a Student Perspective.

Due to COVID-19, many universities have started offering real time video or recorded courses. This situation raises concerns about a decline in students' learning outcomes and issues of unfairness regarding students' exams and grade evaluations. Korean universities have introduced online open book testing in courses and a flexible pass grading system that allows students to select their final grades to improve fairness. This research investigates students' thoughts and reasons for the test and the system through a questionnaire with 109 respondents and statistical methods such as nonparametric tests, multinomial regression and text-mining. Many students supported both the testing and the grading system, presenting balanced viewpoints by comparing their cons and pros. This finding suggests that these policies could be helpful in enhancing fairness in grade evaluation, relieving students of the learning burden and increasing their satisfaction. This study offers the implications that universities must develop standardized exam formats as well as various learning options in a rapidly changing situation with educational innovation (e.g., hyperscale and generative artificial intelligence).

Analyzing Social Media Data Using Sentiment Mining and Bigram Analysis for the Recommendation of YouTube Videos

In this work we combine sentiment analysis with graph theory to analyze user posts, likes/dislikes on a variety of social media to provide recommendations for YouTube videos. We focus on the topic of climate change/global warming, which has caused much alarm and controversy over recent years. Our intention is to recommend informative YouTube videos to those seeking a balanced viewpoint of this area and the key arguments/issues. To this end we analyze Twitter data; Reddit comments and posts; user comments, view statistics and likes/dislikes of YouTube videos. The combination of sentiment analysis with raw statistics and linking users with their posts gives deeper insights into their needs and quest for quality information. Sentiment analysis provides the insights into user likes and dislikes, graph theory provides the linkage patterns and relationships between users, posts, and sentiment.

APA's recent advisory on social media use in children under age 13: An example of dissemination science at its best

Social media has become an integral part of our daily lives. As its influence grows, so too have concerns about the effect on mental health, particularly for children. This newsletter and the commentaries from month to month have tackled this subject with varying viewpoints. Last month we discussed the recent statistics on mental health in teen girls and how social media may contribute. Nevertheless, our goal has been to present a balanced viewpoint that avoids demonizing social media.

세조, 초월적 절대군주를 꿈꾸다 (김순남, 2022, 『세조, 폭군과 명군 사이』, 푸른역사)

This book, King Se-jo, Between the Tyrant and the Sage King (_세조, 폭군과 명군 사이_) conducts a study on the political life of King Se-jo Lee Yu, who was born as the second son of King Se-jong of the Joseon Dynasty. The main contents are as follows: Part 1 Seizing power, Part 2 Coercing with power, Part 3 Pretending to be authority, Part 4 Crash of power and authority. Ph.D Professor Kim, Soon-Nam(김순남), the author of this book, graduated from Department of Korean History at Korea University. She tried to evaluate King Se-jo from a balanced point of view in the book.BR The author embraced the existing unilateral evaluations of King Se-jo as two sides of the same coin. So the political life of King Se-jo, who tried to exercise usurped power and embody manipulated authority, are fully described in this book. Professor Kim restored King Se-jo’s politics with precise historical facts and landscapes of the times. Through this book, readers will be able to meet King Se-jo, a politician who struggled to realize the dream of a Transcendent Absolute Monarch.

Social media advertising for clinical studies: Ethical and data protection implications of online targeting

Social media advertising has revolutionised the advertising world by providing data-driven targeting methods. One area where social media advertising is just gaining a foothold is in the recruitment of clinical study participants. Here, as everywhere, social media advertising promises more yield per money spent because the technology can better reach highly specialised groups. In this article, we point out severe societal risks posed by advertising for clinical studies on social media. We show that social media advertising for clinical studies in many cases violates the privacy of individual users (R1), creates collective privacy risks by helping platform companies train predictive models of medical information that can be applied to all their users (R2), exploits the weaknesses of existing guidelines in (biomedical) research ethics (R3) and is detrimental to the quality of (biomedical) research (R4). We argue that the well-intentioned promises, which are often associated with the use of social media advertising for clinical studies, are untenable from a balanced point of view. Consequently, we call for updates of research ethics guidelines and better regulation of Big Data and inferential analytics. We conclude that social media advertising – especially with vulnerable patient populations – is not suitable as a recruitment tool for clinical studies as long as the processing of (even anonymised) social media usage data and the training of predictive models by data analytics and artificial intelligence companies is not sufficiently regulated.

Investigating the effect of the Tibetan Plateau on the ITCZ using a coupled Earth system model

The effect of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) on the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) was investigated using a coupled Earth system model. The location of the ITCZ (in this work represented by the center of the tropical precipitation maximum) over the tropical Atlantic was found to be sensitive to the existence of the TP. Removing the TP led to a remarkable sea surface temperature (SST) cooling (warming) in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere, which manifested clearly in the Atlantic rather than the Pacific. The locations of maximum precipitation and SST moved southwards clearly in the tropical Atlantic, forcing a southward shift of the atmospheric convection center, and thus the ITCZ. The shift in the ITCZ was also supported by the latitudinal change in the ascending branch of the tropical Hadley Cell, which moved southwards by about 2° in the boreal summer in response to the TP's removal. From the viewpoint of the energy balance between the two hemispheres, the cooling (warming) in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere requires an enhanced northward atmospheric heat transport across the equator, which can be realized by the southward displacement of the ITCZ. This study suggests that the presence of the TP may have played an important role in the climatology of the ITCZ, particularly its location over the tropical Atlantic.摘要本文利用耦合地球气候系统模式研究了青藏高原对热带辐合带 (ITCZ) 的影响. 我们研究发现热带大西洋ITCZ的位置对青藏高原存在与否有明显的敏感性. 与目前真实情况相比, 移除青藏高原会导致北半球海面降温, 南半球海面升温. 这种海面温度变化在大西洋表现得尤为明显, 导致热带大西洋最大海温中心向南移动, 从而迫使大气对流中心向南移动, 即表现为ITCZ的南移. 相应地, 夏季热带大气Hadley环流的上升支也发生明显南移. 北 (南) 半球海洋变冷 (变暖) 这种态势要求增强跨赤道向北的大气经向热量输送, 从而维持各个半球的能量平衡, 而这需要ITCZ位置的南移才能实现. 本文研究表明, 青藏高原的存在在现今ITCZ气候态的形成中可能扮演了重要角色.

An investigation of the characteristics of oxygen sensors using a Nd1+xBa2−xCu3Oy-based ceramics rod

A hot spot, which is a glowing orange local area, appears in REBa2Cu3Oy (RE: rare earth) ceramic rods when a voltage exceeding a certain value is applied at room temperature. After a hot spot appears, the current changes according to the partial pressure of oxygen in the ambient atmosphere, acting as an oxygen sensor without the need for a heating system. In this study, the moisture resistance and oxygen-sensing characteristics of 5 mol% Nd2BaCuO5-added Nd1+xBa2−xCu3Oy (x = 0–0.8) rods were investigated by preparing ceramic rods via a solid-state reaction at 960 °C. The moisture resistance improved at x ≥ 0.4. In the case of x ≤ 0.4, the current increased as the voltage increased, reached its peak value, and subsequently decreased. Finally, the current increased monotonically with increasing voltage at x ≥ 0.6. Furthermore, the sensitivity to gas was not strongly affected by the changes in x. The characteristics are discussed from the viewpoint of the heat balance in the rod and lattice defects of the material.

Thermodynamic analysis of a novel integrated biomass pyrolysis-solid oxide fuel cells-combined heat and power system for co-generation of biochar and power

Biochar derived from pyrolysis or gasification has been gaining significant attention in the recent years due to its potential wide applications for the development of negative emissions technologies. A new concept was developed for biochar and power co-generation system using a combination of biomass pyrolysis (BP) unit, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), and a combined heat and power (CHP) system. A set of detailed experimental data of pyrolysis product yields was established in Aspen Plus to model the BP process. The impacts of various operating parameters including current density (j), fuel utilization factor (Uf), pyrolysis gas reforming temperature (Treformer), and biochar split ratio (Rbiochar) on the SOFC and overall system performances in terms of energy and exergy analyses were evaluated. The simulation results indicated that increasing the Uf, Treformer, and Rbiochar can favorably improve the performances of the BP-SOFC-CHP system. As a whole, the overall electrical, energy and exergy efficiencies of the BP-SOFC-CHP system were in the range of 8–14%, 76–78%, and 71–74%, respectively. From the viewpoint of energy balance, burning the reformed pyrolysis gas can supply enough energy demand for the process to achieve a stand-alone BP-SOFC-CHP plant. In case of a stand-alone system, the overall electrical, energy and exergy efficiencies were 5.4, 63.9 and 57.8%, respectively, with a biochar yield of 31.6%.

An evaluation of information online on artificial intelligence in medical imaging

BackgroundOpinions seem somewhat divided when considering the effect of artificial intelligence (AI) on medical imaging. The aim of this study was to characterise viewpoints presented online relating to the impact of AI on the field of radiology and to assess who is engaging in this discourse.MethodsTwo search methods were used to identify online information relating to AI and radiology. Firstly, 34 terms were searched using Google and the first two pages of results for each term were evaluated. Secondly, a Rich Search Site (RSS) feed evaluated incidental information over 3 weeks. Webpages were evaluated and categorized as having a positive, negative, balanced, or neutral viewpoint based on study criteria.ResultsOf the 680 webpages identified using the Google search engine, 248 were deemed relevant and accessible. 43.2% had a positive viewpoint, 38.3% a balanced viewpoint, 15.3% a neutral viewpoint, and 3.2% a negative viewpoint. Peer-reviewed journals represented the most common webpage source (48%), followed by media (29%), commercial sources (12%), and educational sources (8%). Commercial webpages had the highest proportion of positive viewpoints (66%). Radiologists were identified as the most common author group (38.9%). The RSS feed identified 177 posts of which were relevant and accessible. 86% of posts were of media origin expressing positive viewpoints (64%).ConclusionThe overall opinion of the impact of AI on radiology presented online is a positive one. Consistency across a range of sources and author groups exists. Radiologists were significant contributors to this online discussion and the results may impact future recruitment.

Na+ is shifted from the extracellular to the intracellular compartment and is not inactivated by glycosaminoglycans during high salt conditions in rats.

Recently, studies have emerged suggesting that the skin plays a role as major Na+ reservoir via regulation of the content of glycosaminoglycans and osmotic gradients. We investigated whether there were electrolyte gradients in skin and where Na+ could be stored to be inactivated from a fluid balance viewpoint. Na+ accumulation was induced in rats by a high salt diet (HSD) (8% NaCl and 1% saline to drink) or by implantation of a deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) tablet (1% saline to drink) using rats on a low salt diet (LSD) (0.1% NaCl) on tap water as control. Na+ and K+ were assessed by ion chromatography in tissue eluates, and the extracellular volume by equilibration of 51Cr‐EDTA. By tangential sectioning of the skin, we found a low Na+ content and extracellular volume in epidermis, both parameters rising by ∼30% and 100%, respectively, in LSD and even more in HSD and DOCA when entering dermis. We found evidence for an extracellular Na+ gradient from epidermis to dermis shown by an estimated concentration in epidermis ∼2 and 4–5 times that of dermis in HSD and DOCA‐salt. There was intracellular storage of Na+ in skin, muscle, and myocardium without a concomitant increase in hydration. Our data suggest that there is a hydration‐dependent high interstitial fluid Na+ concentration that will contribute to the skin barrier and thus be a mechanism for limiting water loss. Salt stress results in intracellular storage of Na+ in exchange with K+ in skeletal muscle and myocardium that may have electromechanical consequences.Key points Studies have suggested that Na+ can be retained or removed without commensurate water retention or loss, and that the skin plays a role as major Na+ reservoir via regulation of the content of glycosaminoglycans and osmotic gradients.In the present study, we investigated whether there were electrolyte gradients in skin and where Na+ could be stored to be inactivated from a fluid balance viewpoint.We used two common models for salt‐sensitive hypertension: high salt and a deoxycorticosterone salt diet.We found a hydration‐dependent high interstitial fluid Na+ concentration that will contribute to the skin barrier and thus be a mechanism for limiting water loss.There was intracellular Na+ storage in muscle and myocardium without a concomitant increase in hydration, comprising storage that may have electromechanical consequences in salt stress.

Effects of pH and Cl− Content on Degradation Process of Pre-Passivated Stainless Steels in an Alkaline Solution

The degradation behavior of four prepassivated stainless steels (SSs) in the alkaline solutions with different Cl− concentrations and pH values were investigated by cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Mott-Schottky analysis and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that the pH value and Cl− concentration, together with the phase ratio difference in the microstructure of SS, played a critical role in the degradation process of passive film. At low pH and high Cl− concentration, the passive film gradually enriched in Fe3+ and Cr3+ species and depleted in Fe2+ oxides and its self-regeneration process became more difficult. As the pH decreased, the passive film exhibited clear n-type and p-type semiconductor characteristics more clearly, and the decrease in dopant density well reflected the changes in Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio and electrochemical behavior. Based on the viewpoint of adsorption balance between OH− with inhibitory effect and Cl− with promotion effect on the degradation process, a mechanism for the degradation process of prepassivation film was proposed.

Parametric Study for Directional Stability of Tumbling Plates by Wind Tunnel Testing

The tumbling phenomenon is considered to be an important phenomenon for aircraft flight safety because of the possibility of falling objects from the aircraft reaching far away or for knowing the behavior of falling roof tiles blown off by strong winds. Therefore, many tests to measure the force act on the tumbling plate in wind tunnel have been conducted. The authors have been studying the directional stability of the tumbling plate [9], which has a great effect on the reach of falling objects, and have proposed a non-contact measurement method wind tunnel test method from the viewpoint of dynamic balance which can acquire the force without force sensors [12] Here, we call “towing wind tunnel test method”. In this paper, for the evaluation of the directional stability of the tumbling plate, we parametrically changed the planar configuration of the tumbling flat plate and measured the acting force in wind tunnel using this towing wind tunnel test method. As a result, the relationship between the shape of the tumbling plate and the conditions for directional instability was clarified.

Approach of Medical Students to Academic Research – The Futility of Crude Consequentialism

The means-ends debate lies at the very core of the subject of ethics. However, instead of adopting a dichotomous, black-and-white at-titude, it has been realized that one could pursue a goal oriented approach even without compromising on ethical standards. It would be prudent for students to inculcate such a balanced viewpoint in the formative years of medical education while pursuing their academic and co-curricular ambitions - being a part of research studies, for example. In order to extract the best of their experiences, students must not restrict their outlook to academic research merely as an addition to their résumés or just a task to be ticked off the to-do list. They should broaden their horizons and consider it as a privilege to be able to contribute to the profession and society even as young students of medicine.

Prediction of Frequency Response Function for Cylindrical Thin-Walled Workpiece with Fixture Support Constraints

Auxiliary fixtures are widely used to enhance the rigidity of cylindrical thin-walled workpieces (CTWWs) in the machining process. Nevertheless, the accurate and efficient prediction of frequency response function (FRF) for the workpiece-fixture system remains challenging due to the complicated contact constraints between workpiece and fixture. This paper proposes an analytical solution for the comprehensive FRF analysis of the CTWW-fixture system. Firstly, based on the vector mechanics, the mode shape functions of the workpiece are presented using the classical theory of thin shell. The variable separation method is utilized to deal with the inter-mode coupling of the workpiece. Secondly, the motion equation of the CTWW with fixture constraints is established using analytical mechanics from the viewpoint of energy balance. Finally, the FRFs of the CTWW-fixture system are derived by means of modal superposition. Experimental modal tests verify that the predicted FRFs are in good agreement with the measured curves.