Viewpoint Of Balance Research Articles

Energetics, skeletal dynamics, and long-term predictions on Kolmogorov-Lorenz systems

We study a particular return map for a class of low-dimensional chaotic models called Kolmogorov-Lorenz systems, which received an elegant general Hamiltonian description and also includes the famous Lorenz-63 case, from the viewpoint of energy and Casimir balance. In particular, a subclass of these models is considered in detail, precisely those obtained from the Lorenz-63 by a small perturbation on the standard parameters, which includes, for example, the forced Palmer-Lorenz case. The paper is divided into two parts. In the first part the extremes of the mentioned state functions are considered, which define an invariant manifold, used to construct an appropriate Poincaré surface for our return map. From the "experimental" observation of the simple orbital motion around the two unstable fixed points, together with the circumstance that these orbits are classified by their energy or Casimir maximum, we construct a conceptually simple skeletal dynamics valid within our subclass, reproducing quite well the Lorenz cusp map for the Casimir maximum. This energetic approach sheds some light on the "physical" mechanism underlying the regime transitions. The second part of the paper is devoted to an investigation of a type of maximum energy-based long-term predictions, by which knowledge of a particular maximum energy "shell" amounts to knowledge of the future (qualitative) behavior of the system. It is shown, in this respect, that a local analysis of predictability is not appropriate for a complete characterization of this behavior. A perspective on the possible extensions of this type of predictability analysis to more realistic cases in (geo)fluid dynamics is discussed at the end of the paper.

Marginal condition for the onset of thermoacoustic oscillations of a gas in a tube

This paper revisits a classical problem to derive a marginal condition for the onset of spontaneous thermoacoustic oscillations of a gas in a circular tube with one end open and the other closed by a flat wall, subjected to a temperature gradient along the side wall. Formulation is given in the framework of the linear theory and the first-order theory in the ratio of a boundary-layer thickness to the tube radius. An eigenvalue problem is posed on the second-order differential equation with variable coefficients of the axial coordinate for the excess pressure in the main-flow region outside of the boundary layer. A boundary layer on the end wall is taken into account in the form of an appropriate boundary condition. By using the idea of renormalization, the pressure is rescaled and a complex axial coordinate is introduced so that the pressure equation is transformed into a tractable form. It turns out that the equation includes a factor (frequency) determined by the product of the local sound speed and the logarithmic temperature gradient, though the boundary-layer effect is not completely eliminated. When this factor is constant everywhere, the temperature distribution is parabolic and solutions are obtained in a closed form. The frequency equation is then derived from the boundary conditions at both ends of the tube, from which the marginal condition is obtained for the ratio of temperature at the hot, closed end to the one at the cold, open end against the tube radius relative to the thickness of the boundary layer at the open end. The spatial modes of the oscillations are also analytically obtained and their profiles are displayed. Finally, some discussions on marginal oscillations are given from the viewpoint of energy balance.

New insight into the Rh system: structure and function

Since the inception of the molecular era of Rh biology in the early 1990s with the cloning of Rh CcEe [1, 2], D [3, 4] and RhAG [5] cDNAs, there has been a large degree of speculation concerning the function and molecular assembly of the Rh protein complex. This is for two important reasons: the Rh antigens are of considerable importance in transfusion medicine and are of functional and structural significance to the red cell membrane, as Rhnull erythrocytes that lack all proteins of the Rh complex have key structural and biochemical anomalies. In this review I will consider recent advances in our understanding of Rh structure, and indicate how this relates to function. As has been historical since the discovery of the Rh system in 1939, there is some controversy surrounding current ideas of both structure and function(s) and I will attempt to provide a balanced viewpoint on this debate. The reader is referred to several comprehensive reviews on the molecular biology and genetics of the Rh blood group system which deal in much greater depth with the clinical significance and molecular basis of Rh alleles [6-9].

Long-term Effects of Detached Breakwaters in Nankoku Beach, Kochi Coast

Long-term effects of structures on the beach erosion control were investigated in Nankoku Beach, Kochi Coast from the viewpoint of sediment balance. Monobe River is the main sediment source to the beach though three dams decrease the sediment supply. Construction of 52 detached breakwaters was started in 1973 to prevent beach erosion and completed in 1997. One artificial reef was also constructed in 1999. Effects of the structure were analyzed by the profile data. Results show deposition on the landward side and erosion on the seaward side.It is concluded that breakwaters are effective and decrease longshore transport for the prevention of shoreline retreat though the construction started from up-drift side.

109 エネルギーによる高固有振動数機械構造物の耐震性評価 : 第2報:人工地震波の場合

High Seismic safety reliability is required for nuclear power plant. Usually equipment and piping installed in nuclear power plant are assumed to be rigid, and are designed by using static seismic load. However seismic load is cyclic load, thus it is very important to grasp dynamic vibration characteristics. In this paper, forced vibration experiment by artificial earthquake wave is carried out then experimental results are evaluated from the viewpoint of the Energy Balance that is varied method for dynamic evaluation.

Analytical Reflections on Access in English Higher Education: Transnational Lessons across the Pond

Recent policy trends in international higher education suggest that the dichotomy between selective and widening participation is a global issue. The central premise of this article considers the historical and contemporary challenge of promoting higher education opportunities across socio-economic distinctions in England. Three critical questions are considered: (1) How did historical developments of higher education in England during the twentieth century, including American influences after the Second World War, shape the contemporary debate on widening participation? (2) Have the purposes of higher education altered as access shifts from elite to mass? and (3) What critical philosophies influence higher education purposes and developments, and might more balanced viewpoints assist policy makers in crafting decisions? Thus, we can garner a greater comprehension of how educational policies in the twentieth century redefined the role of higher education, contributing to the debate concerning the definition of public good –social contribution for the larger society versus economic return for the individuals. In analyzing this debate, the article also: (1) explicates watershed policies, including major education acts since the 1940s; (2) examines shifting post-secondary roles via Trow's typology of higher education development – elite, mass, and universal; and (3) explores communitarian, neo-liberal, and utilitarian philosophies to illuminate ideas regarding widening access.

B122 太陽熱利用おが粉乾燥装置のシミュレーション熱解析(分散エネルギーシステムにおける要素技術とその集積化2)

A continuous Ogako-drying apparatus using solar energy has been developed. Thermal performance of the apparatus was analyzed in a view point of energy balance. Drying experiment using the developed Ogako-drying apparatus was carried out simultaneously. Consequently, concerning temperature change on the Ogako-drying process, an agreement between the simulation calculations and the measurements was fairly good. Also in the experiment, moisture content of Ogako was decreased by 13% from 21.6% to 8.6% and contribution of solar energy into the Ogako-drying was 52.4Gcal/d that rates as 57% of incident solar radiation.

05/02066 Technological change of nuclear fuel cycle in Korea: the case of dupic

The thorium fuel recycle scenarios through a Canada deuterium uranium (CANDU) reactor have been analyzed for two types of thorium fuel: homogeneous ThO2UO2 and heterogeneous ThO2UO2–DUPIC fuels. The recycling was performed with dry process fuel technology which has a proliferation resistance. For the once-through fuel cycle model, the existing nuclear power plant construction plan was considered up to 2016, while the nuclear demand growth rate from the year 2016 was assumed to be 0%. After setting up the once-through fuel cycle model, a thorium fuelled CANDU reactor was modeled to investigate the fuel cycle parameters. In this analysis, the spent fuel inventory as well as the amount of plutonium, minor actinides and fission products for the multiple recycling fuel cycle were estimated and compared to those of a once-through fuel cycle.From the analysis results, it was found that the closed or partially closed thorium fuel cycle can be constructed through the dry process technology. Also, it is known that both the homogeneous and heterogeneous thorium fuel cycles can reduce the spent fuel accumulation and save on the natural uranium resource when compared with the once-through cycle. From the material balance view point, the heterogeneous thorium fuel cycle seems to be more feasible than the homogeneous one. It is recommended, however, that an economic analysis be performed in the future.

Influence of high latitude ice cover on the marine Intertropical Convergence Zone

We investigate the causes for a strong high latitude imposed ice (land or sea) influence on the marine Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the Community Climate Model version 3 coupled to a 50-m slab ocean. The marine ITCZ in all the ocean basins shift meridionally away from the hemisphere with an imposed added ice cover, altering the global Hadley circulation with an increased tropical subsidence in the hemisphere with imposed ice and uplift in the other. The effect appears to be independent of the longitudinal position of imposed ice. The anomalous ice induces a rapid cooling and drying of the air and surface over the entire high- and midlatitudes; subsequent progression of cold anomalies occurs in the Pacific and Atlantic northeasterly trade regions, where a wind-evaporation-sea surface temperature (SST) feedback initiates progression of a cold SST ‘front’ towards the ITCZ latitudes. Once the cooler SST reaches the ITCZ latitude, the ITCZ shifts southwards, aided by positive feedbacks associated with the displacement. The ITCZ displacement transports moisture away from the colder and drier hemisphere into the other hemisphere, resulting in a pronounced hemispheric asymmetric response in anomalous specific humidity; we speculate that the atmospheric humidity plays a central role in the hemispheric asymmetric nature of the climate response to high latitude ice cover anomalies. From an energy balance viewpoint, the increased outgoing radiative flux at the latitudes of the imposed ice is compensated by an increased radiative energy flux at the tropical latitudes occupied by the displaced ITCZ, and subsequently transported by the altered Hadley and eddy circulations to the imposed ice latitudes. The situation investigated here may be applicable to past climates like the Last Glacial Maximum where hemispheric asymmetric changes to ice cover occurred. Major caveats to the conclusions drawn include omission of interactive sea ice physics and ocean dynamical feedback and sensitivity to atmospheric physics parameterizations across different models.

To Test Or “Nod-2” Test: What are the Questions?. the Balanced Viewpoint

To Test Or “Nod-2” Test: What are the Questions?. the Balanced Viewpoint

Formulation of Mobile Agent Allocation and its Strong NP-Completeness

We formally define the mobile agent allocation problem from a system-wide viewpoint and then prove that it is strongly NP-complete even if each agent communicates only with two agents. This is the first formal definition for scheduling mobile agents from the viewpoint of load balancing, which enables us to discuss its properties on a rigorous basis. The problem is recognized as preemptive scheduling with independent tasks that require mutual communication. The result implies that almost all subproblems of mobile agent allocation, which require mutual communication of agents, are strongly NP-complete.

Role of Trapped and Solvated Electrons in Ps Formation

Role of trapped and solvated electrons in Ps formation is discussed. Combination of thermalized positron with such electrons is possible from the viewpoint of the energy balance and may results in Ps formation. This process proceeds during all e + lifetime in matter. Fitting of raw experimental e + {e i annihilation spectra has to be based on an adequate physical input, which often leads to necessity of nonexponential deconvolution of the spectra. We have interpreted the Ps formation data in polyethylene, ethylene-methylmethacrylate and polymethylmethacrylate in dark and in light vs. time of the measurement and temperature. Parameters characterized accumulation of trapped electrons and their recombination with counter ions and positrons are obtained.

Modeling and Experimental Methods for Dynamic Analysis of the Spaghetti Problem

The nonlinear dynamics of a very flexible body with time-variant length encompasses several industrial applications such as high-speed automatic coiling machines and copy machines. Among others, the significant increase in the vibration that occurs when the material length is shortened with time is known as the spaghetti problem. In this paper, the modeling method and the experimental procedure for the analysis of the spaghetti problem are presented. The change in the state of the forces and displacements at the boundary with a clearance is taken into consideration by modeling the mechanical interactions resulting from the clearance. A flexible beam is modeled using the finite segment method to account for the geometric nonlinearities due to the large rotation. The contact forces at the boundary are modeled using a set of springs and dampers. The numerical results obtained using the proposed modeling method agree well with the results obtained using the experiment. The effect of the transport velocity and the clearance are demonstrated, and the cause of the significant increase in the flexible body vibration is discussed from an energy balance viewpoint.

STUDY ON FORMATION AND BEHAVIOR OF THE ICE COVER ON COLD REGION RESERVOIR

In the cold region Hokkaido, ice problems have occurred in the hydropower station. While we have investigated the river ice frazil and developed the river ice control structure, research on ice formation and behavior on a reservoir where the water level has fluctuated in, have never been performed.In this paper, thickness of the ice cover in a reservoir is discussed from heat balance and ice behavior. From a view point of heat balance, the transition of snow ice thickness on the reservoir during winter period was simulated by a numerical model, considering heat transfer between ice and air, and flow of water, etc. From a view point of ice behavior, by performing a two-dimensional hydraulic model test with simulating reservoir slope, fluctuation of water level, and ice jam condition, ice behavior around slope of this model was observed, and hydrological behavior to study on ice thickness distribution in a reservoir was confirmed.

Capillary Vibrational Spraying of Liquid

The paper describes a capillary vibrational method of liquid spraying. Various atomization regimes have been investigated by experiment. Physical processes behind the method are discussed. Capillary vibrational regimes of spraying, their parameters and stability are classified from the viewpoint of balance of the fluid’s inflow-outflow at the exit of the working capillary.

Mathematical modeling of high-frequency electromagnetic heating of the bottom-hole area of horizontal oil wells

The results of theoretical investigations of the possibility of using intense high-frequency electromagnetic radiation in fields of high-viscosity oils with the aim of intensifying their production have been given. Expressions of the distribution of the electromagnetic field strength and the field of heat sources occurring in an oil bed under the action of high-frequency electromagnetic radiation transferred to the bed through a horizontal well have been obtained. A two-dimensional mathematical model of the process of production of oil through horizontal wells with simultaneous high-frequency electromagnetic action has been developed. The efficiency and profitableness of the method from the viewpoint of the energy balance have been evaluated.

Development of a simulator for both property and safety of a lithium secondary battery

We propose a model of lithium secondary batteries for analyzing both charging/ discharging characteristics and the increase of cell temperature in the case of the internal short circuit. We give an explanation to the experimental results of the nail penetration tests and discuss the structure-dependent properties of the batteries from the viewpoint of balance between energy density and safety. In particular, it is suggested that the thermal runaway in the nail penetration tests is determined by the total amount of Joule heat produced by the large current due to the internal short circuit until the discharge of the whole electrode is completed.

Creation of a recycling-based society optimised on regional material and energy flow

One method of establishing a new society involving low environmental load, a so-called “recycling-based society,” is to recycle waste. If waste is incinerated, energy may be produced. However, if waste is to be converted to new raw materials or products, it is likely that energy will have to be provided. The extent of waste recovery affects the energy balance in the recycle process. Energy supply and demand is, hence, a key concept in making a recycling based society a feasible proposition. The main objective of this study was to develop a method of assessing the optimal extent of a recycling based society from the viewpoint of energy balance. The method is as follows. Energy consumption in the recovery process is estimated using the distribution of waste discharge sites and recycling facility locations having the minimum waste transport distance. The energy consumption in the conversion process and the energy supply in the incineration process are estimated using specific data from existing recycle and incineration facilities. The proper extent of recovery is one in which energy demand is equal to energy supply. As an example, we apply the method to the Aichi Prefecture in Japan and propose an effective industrial waste transport system for the region.

Highlights of the 2003 Institute on Psychiatric Services

Numerous cross-sectional analyses have shown that individuals with mental illness are less likely to be employed, and many psychological studies have demonstrated that the loss of employment is a risk factor for developing depression. It remains less clear, however, whether depression affects job retention among the employed.

Optimal Design and Optimal Operation of Separate Heat Pump Distillation

AbstractFor a distillation system, in which relative volatility is large in low composition range and small in high composition range, using separate heat pump distillation (SHPD) can markedly save energy. In this paper, vapour flow rate to compressor is proposed as a parameter for system optimization, from the viewpoint of system energy balance. This parameter can be used for both optimal design and optimal operation of SHPD. Mathematical models for optimal design and optimal operation are formulated to minimize total annual cost and annual operating cost respectively. Optimal design of SHPD is performed and evaluated through process simulation, for a typical case study for the distillation of ethanol‐water system. The results show that SHPD has notable energy saving and economic benefit when compared with conventional distillation. Optimal operation of SHPD is also evaluated for changes in feed composition which is an operating variable.