Balanced Land Use Research Articles

МЕХАНІЗМИ ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ЗЕМЕЛЬНИМИ ВІДНОСИНАМИ В УКРАЇНІ

The article defines the essence and structure of mechanisms of state management of land relations, sets priority areas for the development of land relations based on the study of theoretical and practical aspects of land use in Ukraine; Incentives for balanced land use and protection in Ukraine are proposed.

MECHANISM OF SOIL REPRODUCTION AND PRESERVATION IN THE SYSTEM OF ORGANIC FARMING

The problem of monitoring the condition of soils in Ukraine is not given due attention. This applies to the scientific field, where due to insufficient funding, full-fledged research is not conducted on the distribution, causes and ways to eliminate degradation. The same applies to the legislature and the executive, where no effective control measures have been developed. In general, the society does not create an atmosphere of maximum assistance for the preservation of soil cover as an indispensable national heritage. The media and educational institutions are indifferent to this problem. That is why these issues need immediate solution, namely, the development of an effective mechanism for reproduction and conservation of soils, taking into account the organic system of agriculture, which in recent years has attracted considerable interest not only scientists but also practitioners. The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of the system of organic farming in terms of ensuring balanced land use. The materials of the article are based on the study of the positive impact of organic agriculture on the reproduction and preservation of soils. The research methodology was based on a systematic approach and a dialectical method of understanding the organic principles of land use in agricultural production, taking into account retrospective analysis, monographic method, methods of synthesis and analysis. The essence of the system of organic farming from the point of view of ensuring balanced land use is revealed. The dynamics of land distribution in Ukraine by land for 2010-2017, which is characterized by an extremely high rate of agricultural development, which is significantly exceeds the ecologically reasonable limits are shown as well as the distribution of soil areas of Ukraine by humus content. The most important resource for soil humus reproduction remains organic fertilizers, plant residues, by-products, green manures, etc., the application of which has a positive effect on the agrochemical, physical and water-air properties of soils. The structure of mineral and organic fertilizers application in 1990-2018 is given. The main problems of agricultural land use are highlighted. Under modern conditions of agricultural production and existing land use systems, it is impossible to achieve even a simple reproduction of soil fertility without significant improvement of mechanisms for controlling their use by the state, and also the introduction of more effective, mostly economic, mechanisms to support soil protection measures. International experience shows that new information technologies, in addition to traditional research methods, will provide effective control of land use and soil protection at different spatial levels, from the state to a specific field. The mechanism of preservation and reproduction of soil fertility in the system of organic agriculture is proposed for use by agricultural commodity producers, which includes a set of measures aimed at restoring stocks of organic substances and improving agrophysical properties of soil. No less important is the state support in solving problematic issues, it is recommended to supplement the developed mechanism with such components as: legal, scientific and technical, economic, financial, scientific and educational supports. Organic agriculture through balanced land use increases the reliability and sustainability of modern agricultural systems. All the proposed methods and techniques of organic farming improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, namely: - increase nutrient reserves; - improve absorption capacity, moisture capacity and moisture permeability; - enriched with microflora; - improve the biological activity and physical state of the soil. Key words: organic cropping, soil, plowlands, structure of sown areas, reproduction and preservation of soils, organic agriculture.

Financial potential of state forestry of Small Polis­sya of Ukraine in providing balanced forest land use.

In the analysis of the financial potential of state forestries of Small Polissya of Ukraine, applied a system of profitability indicators was used in the context of ensuring balanced use of forest lands, which includes: return on assets, return on EBIDTA, return on gross profit, return on net profit. It is investigated that today the potential of financial provision of balanced forest land use of the territory of Small Polissya of Ukraine is not used at a sufficient level. In the study the example of state forestries of Small Polissya of Ukraine proved the need to diversify the sources of financial support for the processes of modernization, reconstruction and technical re-equipment of fixed assets in forestry. Proposed and scientifically grounded theoretical approaches to the expansion and intensification of financial provision of state forestries of Small Polissya of Ukraine with balanced use of forest lands. The choice of forestry enterprises took into account the factor of their geographical location in the area of the Small Polissya of Ukraine, so that in further research it was possible to conduct a pan-Ukrainian analysis on a national and land scale.

ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF THE STRUCTURE OF SOWN AREAS OF CROPS ON THE QUALITY OF LAND

Introduction. Activities in the field of organization of agricultural land use should be focused primarily on the preservation and reproduction of land, the most productive implementation of all production processes and ensuring environmentally sound use of agricultural landscapes. One of the effective ways to ensure the balanced use of agricultural land by agricultural formations is to optimize the location of crops in accordance with the indicators of agrochemical evaluation of soils, taking into account the economic feasibility of their cultivation. Methods. Research conducted by use of the dialectical method of knowledge of the economic laws and systematic approach to the study of economic phenomena and processes, monographic, induction and deduction - to form of balancing agricultural land use; economic and statistical - to identify the factors that led to changes in the quality of land; abstract-logical method - in the implementation of theoretical generalizations and formulation of conclusions. Results. The author substantiates the importance of optimizing the sown area of agricultural crops to ensure a balanced use of land. A study of soil quality indicators within individual land plots was conducted and their dynamics were analyzed. The impact of the structure of growing crops on the balance of humus in the soil is assessed and the main measures to improve it are substantiated. The main components in the system of improving the quality of land are identified and their importance is proved Discussion. The defining direction for further research is the formation of an institutional environment for the balanced use of agricultural land in order to improve the quality of soils. Keywords: agricultural production, balanced land use, agricultural land, optimization, structure of sown areas.

Conservation planning for island nations: Using a network analysis model to find novel opportunities for landscape connectivity in Puerto Rico

Oceanic islands are important habitats for many endemic species. Global conservation assessments, however, are too coarse to characterize areas of high human influence or landscape connectivity at a resolution that is useful for conservation planning on most islands. Our goal was to identify landscape elements that are essential for the maintenance of structural connectivity among natural habitat patches on islands. Using the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico as a case study, our specific objectives were to: (1) develop a map of the human footprint, and (2) characterize the connectivity of patches exhibiting low human modification that structurally connect the island’s ecological network. We used the human footprint as a measure of impediments to connectivity among Puerto Rico’s natural areas using network analysis. We found that more than half of Puerto Rico’s current land surface had a low human footprint (56%), but that coastal areas were highly affected by human use (82%). Puerto Rico possesses a compact network of natural areas, with a few patches in the interior mountains critical to structural connectivity. The number of isolated patches is very high; more than 60% of the patches were 2000 m or more apart. Identifying sites that are key hubs to connectivity on islands and ensuring they remain undeveloped is one strategy to balance land use and conservation, and to facilitate the persistence of endemic species. We show here how to improve general conservation assessment methods to be more relevant for islands. There is potential to support an interconnected network of natural areas that promotes landscape connectivity in Puerto Rico among non-coastal habitats, because the human activities are concentrated along the coast whereas the interior mountain range has a relatively low human footprint.

Assessing the relationship between local climatic zones (LCZs) and land surface temperature (LST) – A case study of Sriniketan-Santiniketan Planning Area (SSPA), West Bengal, India

The concept Local Climatic Zones (LCZs) is a comprehensive classification scheme developed to design urban climate studies particularly to quantify the relationship in between urban morphology and urban heal islands (UHIs). Land surface temperature (LST) data obtained from satellite images were used to examine the relationship between land surface temperature and Local Climatic Zones in Sriniketan-Sanniketan Planning Area (SSPA) using GIS and remote sensing techniques. The effect of Surface Urban Heal Island was assessed using Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI) quantitatively. The results show that land surface temperature increased by 0.34 °C per year and 0.55 °C per year during winter and summer season respectively and a significant variation of LST over the LCZs exist. The maximum and minimum LST is recorded in the month of April and January. The study landscape enjoys excellent to normal thermal conditions (UTFVI <0.000 and up to 0.010) where the presence of different natural land covers are adequate. From the results it is suggested that effect of LST on the ecological condition induced by urbanization can be regulated not only by balancing land use/ land cover types but also optimizing proper urban planning. This study may also assist the planners for climate sensitive planning.

Future Inflow under Land Use and Climate Changes and Participation Process into the Medium‐Sized Reservoirs in Thailand

The rainfall and runoff within a watershed area upper reservoir are necessary data for reservoir operation. In this manner, climate and land use changes are legitimately affected to inflow trademark into the reservoir storage. This investigation expects to appraise future inflow under the effect of atmosphere and land use changes of the Huay Sabag and Huay Ling Jone reservoirs, Thailand, during the period 2018–2067. The future inflow was evaluated by utilizing the SWAT model with the PRECIS territorial atmosphere model of B2 emanation situation, and considering land use information from the CA Markov model, both the balanced land use by support procedure type, and then unbalanced sort. Land use from CA Markov was adjusted by participation decides based on Taro Yamane table at the 90% of confidence. The outcome found that the normal precipitation and temperature were expanded in both upper store regions. The biggest land use change demonstrated the extension of the sugarcane and Para rubber tree, while paddy field and forest regions were diminished. The normal future inflows into the store under the two cases were expanded in examination with the watched information during the pattern year. However, the future inflow from the case of using CA Markov adjusting by participation process was higher than the future inflow from another case of using CA Markov without participation adjusting insignificantly for both reservoirs.

ОЦЕНКА ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ СТАБИЛЬНОСТИ ТЕРРИТОРИИ СИМФЕРОПОЛЬСКОГО РАЙОНА РЕСПУБЛИКИ КРЫМ

The article considers aspects of evaluation of the spatial structure of land use and agricultural land, based on calculations of environmental stability coefficients and heterogeneity indexes. The relevance of the research is the need to obtain reliable information on the balanced land use, which is a condition for saving the natural capabilities of the agrarian landscape, the ability to self-repair and achieve the stability of the territories. The purpose of research is to assess the sustainability of land use on the example of the territory of Simferopol district. The pronounced vertical zoning of the study area introduces additional requirements and restrictions to the use of the territory. The indices were calculated using the methods for assessing the stability of territories and using the Shannon index. The spatial distribution of results was performed using GIS-technologies. The results of research to indicate the greatest diversity of the structure of agricultural land and a relative stability in the mountainous areas of the studied territory. The territories of Shirokovsky, Zhuravlevsky, Pervomaysky and Nikolaevsky rural settlements are homogeneous in the structure of land use and less environmentally stable. It is stated that the plains need to optimize the land use structure and the land of the Foothills territories need the application of precise agricultural technologies. The results can be used in the development of strategies for managing territories, in the improving the structure of land and crop areas, and in the development of other measures aimed by achieving the sustainable development of territories.

THE ROLE OF FORESTRY ENTERPRISES IN PROVIDING A BALANCE OF LAND USE SMALL POLISHES OF UKRAINE

This paper presents general characteristics of territorial features of state and municipal forestry enterprises of the Small Polissya of Ukraine. The author also presents analysis of the scientific bases on the economic and environmental impact of forest holders on achieving a balanced use of forestry land of the Lesser Polissya of Ukraine. Since the basis of the economy of balanced land use is taking into account the peculiarities of the natural and spatial location of land resources, we have been proved that the formation of fundamental scientific bases for the study of patterns of forestry land use in the territory of the Lesser Polissya region of Ukraine will allow to apply the method of analogies for others regions in a reasonable manner. This results of the study will help to improve the financial and economic mechanism of balanced forest land use in Ukraine.

Estimation of regional soil organic carbon stocks merging classified land-use information with detailed soil data

The Kulunda Steppe in southwestern Siberia is one of the most intensely used agricultural landscapes in the world. Today it is characterized by depletive soil management practices and intensities that are unadapted to the local site conditions. Severe soil degradation and a loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) occurs at agriculturally used areas. So far, only few studies analyzed the spatial extent of these degradation effects and came to inconsistent assessments. We consider that different results arise from different definitions of SOC changes and from different spatial scales. Thus, local soils under different land-uses were sampled to a depth of 30 cm to determine land use dependent changes in topsoil SOC. Site specific soil data was merged with appropriate land-use classifications and soil maps from the mid-1970s and up-to-date data from 2013/2014 to balance land use corrected SOC pools. Here, we use a hierarchical approach to extrapolate local findings to regional and biome scale for typical and dry steppe. At the test area, land-use changed only moderately after the Soviet period. The steppe biomes are also characterized by large areas that are not affected by land-use change and ensuing SOC loss. Agricultural use led to a mean carbon loss of 23.3% for Chernozem soils and 13.9% for Kastanozems. Natural heterogeneities, such as small scale changes in relief or soil type, are missing in small scale maps due to generalization that leads to varying results. The calculated regionwide SOC loss is maximally 15.2% using the small scale map. Following different calculation approaches, according to different map scales, detailed or coarse resolution SOC-stocks differ by up to 59.7%. Consequently, subsequent calculations or modellings may include this uncertainty into consideration.

Stakeholder analysis matrix for buffer zone management in the peri-urban area of Chittagong, Bangladesh

Buffer zone (BZ) concept has emerged to minimize degradation of natural resources and enhance balanced land use planning for the areas where existing urban and peri-urban landscapes are threatened by rapid land use change. The primary aim of the study is to seek a better understanding of land use planning and governance in BZ surrounding the core zone of the Chittagong Metropolitan Area. Through questionnaires and interviews, the study also identified the key stakeholders’ inclination and influence on land use decisions, i.e., preservation versus urbanization of the BZ. Then, the national and international policies of BZ management were reviewed to check the overall validity and credibility of the analytical results. The results revealed that the respondents in the responsible authorities have demonstrated a positive inclination to urbanization rather than preservation of BZ, whereas non-governmental organizations, practitioners, and academics have supported preservation rather than urbanization. In addition, the study also reported the conflict in interagency and multi-level coordination for urban development. In the national level, core zone development gains more support by containing ‘strategic open space’ and ‘no development zone.’ However, it contradicts the regional plan which allows the reduction of green coverage from 46.20 to 32.56%. Therefore, to achieve BZ management practices in a consistent and sustainable manner, overcoming knowledge and inclination gap, as well as effective coordination of land use governance, is critical.

NATURAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF MALE POLISSYA OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMICS OF BALANCED LAND USE

The analysis of the scientific basis for the zoning of the territory of Male Polissya of Ukraine is carried out according to different approaches: geobotanical, natural-agricultural, physical-geographic, soil geographical and agroecological. An important task of the results of the ecological and economic study of the zoning of the territory of Male Polissya of Ukraine is the establishment of such zoning features as agroclimatic, hydroecological, edafic (soil), environmental risks, biosafety, and environmental protection. It is determined that zoning by agroecological approach enables to take into account the territorial features of the main environmental problems of Male Polissya of Ukraine and the ways of their solution. It is substantiated that balanced harmonization of forestry land use with natural conditions is possible on the basis of agroecological zoning taking into account the ecological indicators of individual landscapes, specific natural-territorial complexes. In general, the formation of the fundamental scientific principles of the study of ecosystem conservation laws and the level of use of forestry lands in the area of Male Polissya of Ukraine, formed on the basis of the agroecological principle, will provide an opportunity to use the analogy method in a rationale to transform the research results into other regions, which will facilitate the transition of Ukraine to the model of economics of balanced land use.

ПРОБЛЕМИ ІНСТИТУЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЕКОЛОГІЧНО СТІЙКИХ АГРОЛАНДШАФТІВ В УКРАЇНІ

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Increase in the level of anthropogenic loading on agro ecosystem, which is the result of an increase in the amount of production of marketable crop production in violation of the requirements for reproduction and preservation of agro resource potential, leads to negative destructive changes in agro landscapes, what threatens agro ecological and food security. Under the existing organization of commodity production of crop production there are no trends in the implementation of land-use measures, and the priority is to increase profits, increase in yield, extension of arable land within the narrowing of agricultural land provoke the spread of erosion and degradation processes, reduction of humus stock and land fertility level. Implementation of measures for the restoration and preservation of agro resource potential demanding radical changes from scientifically positions. The systematization of agro ecological safety factors will promote the search for optimal organizational and economic decisions, implementation of agricultural land use. The subject of the research is a set of theoretical aspects of improvement organizational and economic conditions of balanced land use and institutional support, which will ensure the formation of environmentally sustainable agricultural landscapes.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Formation of management tools for balanced use of agricultural land

Introduction. An important role is played by the use of a wide range of tools and levers of influence at different levels of government in the theory and practice of agricultural activities to ensure a balanced use of land resources. Therefore, it is relevant at the present stage of management to study the features of the formation of management system in the field of land use to ensure a balanced use of agricultural land. Methods. Research conducted by use of the dialectical method of knowledge of the economic laws and systematic approach to the study of economic phenomena and processes, monographic, induction and deduction - to form a management system in the direction of balancing agricultural land use; abstract-logical method - in the implementation of theoretical generalizations and formulation of conclusions. Results. The author substantiates the basic principles of the formation of management tools in the direction of balancing agricultural land use. The basic components for the formation of the management system in the field of balancing the use of agricultural land at local, regional and state levels are identified. Basic levers and tools in the agricultural land management system have been installed to ensure its balance. The system of forming management tools in the direction of ensuring balanced use of agricultural land has been developed. Discussion. It is important to create an appropriate institutional environment at the national and regional level in order to ensure the effective management system in the field of balanced agricultural land use. Further research should focus on examining the impact of institutional components on the balance of land use at different levels of government. Keywords: agricultural production, leverage, balanced land use, agricultural land, tools, management principles, management levels.

INTRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE IN ECONOMIC CIRCUMSTANCES IS ONE OF THE KEY PROBLEMS OF MODERN MARKET LAND RELATIONS IN UKRAINE

The essence of economic land turnover in agriculture and its constituents is theoretically substantiated,discussion provisions on the scientific principles of turnover and circulation of agricultural landsare highlighted, the necessity of lifting the moratorium on the free circulation of agricultural land isdetermined in stages. The institutional preconditions of improvement of land relations in Ukraine aresubstantiated. The essence of turnover and circulation of agricultural lands is revealed. In order to createmeasures for recreation of land resource potential and stimulation of ecologically safe and balancedland use, the financial and economic mechanism of land relations regulation is proposed, which envisagesstrengthening of the targeted direction of financial resources accumulated on the basis of fiscal landtenure regulators, such as revenues into special funds of recreated land resources potential through landpayment, environmental tax, fines for deteriorating land quality. It is alleged that the land market is anarea of exchange where the main commodity is the land. This market regulates redistribution of land andrights to its ownership among landowners, as well as all factors related to production should operate in onegenerally recognized market environment. The importance of stopping excessive concentration of land inagroholdings is substantiated, and provision of opportunities for farmers, as promising economic entities,to freely dispose of agricultural land. It is proved the importance of introducing agricultural land intoeconomic turnover, which will open important prospects for land management of lands and rural areas tolimit the deterioration of the state and productivity of land-resource potential and the priority provisionof socio-economic development of rural areas and village recovery.

Exploring Diversity in Forest Management Outlooks of African American Family Forest Landowners for Ensuring Sustainability of Forestry Resources in the Southern United States

African American forest landowners in the southern United States (US) are typically considered a homogenous group in current studies. Our research challenges this assumption by identifying four distinct forest management outlooks among African American forest landowners using Q Method. Sustainable Harvesters focus on balanced land use with a long-term outlook; Back 40ers appreciate the presence of forests on their property but focus on alternative land use; Land Use Pragmatists are also interested in alternative land use and primarily view forest as an economic resource; Recreationalists value their forestland not for economic value but as a place for personal use. Finally, Indecisive landowners are not sure about how to best manage their forestland. We argue that an understanding of different forest management outlooks will improve sustainable forest management by better targeting extension and outreach efforts for African American forest landowners.

Модель ефективності використання економічного механізму земель сільськогосподарського призначення

Проаналізовано сучасний стан використання земель сільськогосподарського призначення. Систематизовано чинники збалансованого використання земель сільськогосподарського призначення. Побудовано прогнозну багатофакторну модель, яка свідчить про те, що інвестиції поступово зростатимуть, а внесення органічних добрив, на основі врахування існуючих тенденцій, поступово будуть знижуватись і в 2018 р. буде їх припинено, оскільки це свідчить про зростання деградації ґрунту. Зауважено, що оренда земель також поступово зменшуватиметься і становитиме у 2022 р. 140,23 тис. га.

Neighborhood Variation of Sustainable Urban Morphological Characteristics.

Compact cities and their urban forms have implications on sustainable city development because of high density urban settlement, increased accessibility, and a balanced land use mix. This paper uses quantitative means of understanding urban morphological characteristics with reference to the differing qualities of the urban form (i.e., street patterns, building volumes, land uses and greenery). The results, based on 89 neighborhood communities of Hong Kong, show varying degrees of regional differences in the urban built form supported by numerical statistics and graphical illustrations. This paper offers empirical evidence on some morphological characteristics that can be estimated objectively using modern geospatial technologies and applied universally to inform urban planning. However, more studies linking these quantifiable measures of the physical form with sustainable urban living are needed to account for human comfort in the totality of environmental, social, and economic responsibilities.

The transformation of land resources and the support of the balanced land use

The transformation of land resources and the support of the balanced land use

Scientific and methodical approach to optimization of the use of degraded and unproductive agricultural lands on the basis of balanced development of the region

The methodical approach to choosing the optimal direction of using degraded and unproductive agricultural lands in the context of balanced land use taking into account regional ecological and socio-economic peculiarities is substantiated. Three alternative ways of using degraded and unproductive agricultural land have been proposed: production, nature protection and recreation. Priority of alternatives has been assessed by environmental, economic, social and institutional criteria.